Tuesday, May 30, 2023

UGC NET Paper 1 2023 MCQs | NTA UGC NET Paper 1 Questions & Answers










(MCQs)

Q. Match the following. (PYQ UGC NET 2022)
Educational Agencies          Educational Domains
(A) NIOS                         (1) Teacher Education
(B) NCTE                        (2) Techincal Education
(C) AICTE                       (3) Vocational Education
(D) NCVET                     (4) Distance Education

Code :-
(a) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(b) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
(c) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

NIOS :- The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), formerly National Open School (name changed in 2002), is the board of education under the Union Government of India. It was established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Now Ministry of Education) of the Government of India in 1989 to provide education to all segments of society under the motive to increase literacy. It also offers vocational courses after the high school.

It's the largest open schooling system in the world. 

There is no upper age for admission in NIOS. NIOS offers 42 Courses on SWAYAM Platform.

The NIOS is a national board that administers examinations for Secondary and Senior Secondary examinations similar to the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and the CISCE (Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations).

Headquarters :- Noida, Uttar Pradesh

The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) is an autonomous Institution under MHRD (Now Ministry of Education) established in 1989. NIOS offers Secondary (10th), Sr. Secondary (12th) and Vocational courses through open and distance learning (ODL) mode. It also offers Open Basic Education and Elementary Teacher Education Programme.

NCTE :- National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body of Indian government set-up under the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 in 1995 is to formally oversee standards, procedures and processes in the Indian education system. This council functions for the central as well as state governments on all matter with regard to the Teacher Education and its secretariat is located in the Department of Teacher Education and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). 

Before 1995, the NCTE had existed since 1973 as a government advisory body (and not as a separate institution) to look after development and progress of "teacher education". The NCTE was then only a department of the National Council of Educational Research and Training. 

Formation :- 1995
Headquarters :- New Delhi






AICTE :- The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education. Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education system in India.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

In 2016, three important initiatives were taken up by AICTE. 

First one was a responsibility given by MHRD (Now Ministry of Education) to evolve a national Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) platform SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds). 

Second one is that of launching a Smart India Hackathon-2017 challenging the young bright talented students of technical colleges to solve the 598 problems of 29 different Government departments. 

Third one is that of launching of an AICTE's Student Start up Policy by Hon. President on 16 Nov, during visitors conference from rashtrapati Bhavan.

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On 6 June 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the AICTE along with the University Grants Commission would be scrapped and replaced by a new body called Higher Education Empowerment Regulation Agency (HEERA).

According to the draft of law backed on the ideas of NITI Aayog and the Prime Minister Office, नीति आयोग और प्रधान मंत्री कार्यालय के विचारों पर समर्थित कानून के मसौदे के अनुसार, the National Council for Teacher Education was also planned to be subsumed by HEERA.

NCVET :- National Council for Vocational Education and Training is an autonomous, non-statutory and regulatory body under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship for monitoring the institutions engaged in providing short term and long term educational training in vocational education. 

National Council for Vocational Education and Training will be controlling authority of institutions imparting education and training to 15 million students each year.

National Council for Vocational Education and Training was formed on 10 October 2018 by clubbing National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) and National Skills Development Agency (NSDA), as non-statutory and regulatory institution.

Composition :- National Council for Vocational Education and Training to consist of a chairperson and two executive members and two non-executive members who will be appointed by a committee headed by Prime Minister. The council will also have a nominated member and designated staff with officers and consultants.




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Sunday, May 21, 2023

UGC NET Paper 1 2023 MCQs | NTA UGC NET Paper 1 Questions & Answers

(PYQs 2022)

Q. Virus responsible for the spread of COVID-19 is _______. COVID-19 के प्रसार के लिए कौन-सा वायरस जिम्मेदार है? (UGC NET 2022)
(A) SARS COV 19
(B) SARS COV II
(C) CORONA 19
(D) SARS COV I

(B) SARS COV II

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 

Q. The NEP 2020 has explicitly mentioned that the Research and Innovation (R&I) investment of India has only been _______ % percent. NEP 2020 में स्पष्ट रूप से उल्लेख किया गया है कि भारत का अनुसंधान और नवाचार (R&I) निवेश केवल कितना प्रतिशत रहा है?
(A) 2.8%
(B) 1.5%
(C) 0.69%
(D) 2.1%

(C) 0.69% (less than 1 per cent)

The NEP 2020 has explicitly mentioned that the Research and Innovation (R&I) investment of India has only been 0.69% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product), whereas countries such as United States (2.8%), China (2.1%), Israel (4.3%), and South Korea (4.2%) have invested a considerably larger portion of their GDP. 

By 2047, India should invest 4% of its GDP in research & development.

The National Education Policy 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet on July 29, 2020.

Establishment of the National Research Foundation (NRF) :- The NRF will provide merit-based peer-reviewed research funding to various academic institutions and research organisations. The main objective of the establishment of such a foundation is to create a culture of research across various educational and research oriented institutes across the country. 

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Q. Who among the following was the Chairperson of the Committee set up by the National Council for Women Education in 1962 to examine the differentiation of curriculum for boys and girls at all stages of education? निम्नलिखित में से किसने राष्ट्रीय महिला शिक्षा परिषद द्वारा 1962 में शिक्षा के सभी स्तरों पर लड़कों और लड़कियों के लिए पाठ्यचर्या के विभेदीकरण की जांच करने के लिए गठित समिति की अध्यक्षा की थीं?
(A) Durgabai Deshmukh
(B) Hansa Mehta
(C) Bhaktavatsalam
(D) Margaret Cousins

(B) Hansa Mehta

Hansa Mehta Committee was appointed by the National Council for Women Education in 1962 under the chairmanship of Smt. Hansa Mehta to examine the differentiation of curriculum for boys and girls at all the stages of education. It made the following recommendation :- 
1. Co-education should be adopted and encouraged at the primary stage.
2. Separate primary school or middle school for girls should be started where there is such demand and where there is adequate enrolment.
3. Separate and co-educational institutions can be started at secondary school and college stage. Parents should send their daughters to the institutions they like.
4. Girls should be encouraged to study Science and Mathematics at the higher secondary stage.
5. Number of women teachers should be increased in primary schools. Women’s teacher should also be appointed in all institution at the secondary and college stages which are meant for boys but where girls are also admitted.
6. Home science is a useful subject for girls at the higher secondary levels.
7. Girls should be provided with necessary facilities such as scholarship, free transport and stipend.
8. There should be a common curriculum for boys and girls at the primary and middle stages. 
9. Women should be given adequate representation in textbook committees.
10. There should be the provision of vocational schools. So that girls are trained for different vocation.

The female literacy rate was 7.3% in 1951.  While in 1971 only 18.7 of Indian women were literate, at the end of 2011 we have achieved 65.46% female literacy. The growth of female literacy rate is 14.87% as compared to 11.72 % of that of male literacy rate.

The census of Indian states 2011 reveals that Kerala is the highest literate state in the country with 93.91% of literacy rate. Bihar is the least literate state with a literacy rate of 63.82%.

National Council for Women Education, 1959 was reconstituted in 1964 to prepare the policies, programs, goals and priorities for the development of women education. 

Durgabai Deshmukh Committee (1959) worked for the girls’ education.

Bhaktavatsalam committee report (1963) was appointed by National Council for Women Education under the chairmanship of Mr. M. Bhaktavatsalam to look into the causes for the lack of public support, particularly in rural areas for girl’s education and to enlist public cooperation (सार्वजनिक सहयोग प्राप्त करने के लिए).

During tenth five year plan (2002-07) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched with the goal to have atleast five years of school education for every child (below 14 years of age) by 2007. Eleventh five year plan is called as India’s Educational Plan by the Former Prime Minister Dr. ManMohan Singh.






Q. Computers have evolved from the early mainframes to the relatively small smart devices with high computing power used today. Which of the following inventions contributed to reduce the physical size of computers? कंप्यूटर प्रारंभिक मेनफ्रेम से आज उपयोग की जाने वाली उच्च कंप्यूटिंग शक्ति वाले अपेक्षाकृत छोटे स्मार्ट उपकरणों में विकसित हुए हैं। निम्नलिखित में से किस आविष्कार ने कंप्यूटर के भौतिक आकार को कम करने में योगदान दिया?
(A) Vaccum tube
(B) Integrated circuits
(C) Registers
(D) Solid State Memory

(B) Integrated circuits

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon.

(Generation of Computers)

The first generation of computers (1940–1956) used vacuum tubes.

Second generation computers (1956-1963) used transistors, and were much smaller. The CPUs of second generation computers were the size of today’s large refrigerators.

Integrated Circuit was introduced with the Third Generation of computers.

Fourth generation computers (1971-present) used (and still use) microprocessors.




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Tuesday, May 16, 2023

PSYCHOLOGY UGC NET Syllabus Code No. :- 04

PSYCHOLOGY UGC NET Syllabus Code No. :- 04










1. Emergence of Psychology
Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga. Academic psychology in India: Preindependence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Issues: The colonial encounter; Post colonialism and psychology; Lack of distinct disciplinary identity

Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period. Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalytical, Gestalt, Behaviorism, HumanisticExistential, Transpersonal, Cognitive revolution, Multiculturalism. Four founding paths of academic psychology - Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey. Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimentalanalytical paradigm (logical empiricism). Indic influences on modern psychology.

Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: Ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Paradigms of Western Psychology: Positivism, Post-Positivism, Critical perspective, Social Constructionism, Existential Phenomenology, and Co-operative Enquiry. Paradigmatic Controversies. Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga. Science and spirituality (avidya and vidya). The primacy of self knowledge in Indian psychology.

2. Research Methodology and Statistics
Research: Meaning, Purpose, and Dimensions. Research problems, Variables and Operational Definitions, Hypothesis, Sampling.

Ethics in conducting and reporting research

Paradigms of research: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed methods approach Methods of research: Observation, Survey [Interview, Questionnaires], Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Field studies, Cross-Cultural Studies, Phenomenology, Grounded theory, Focus groups, Narratives, Case studies, Ethnography

Statistics in Psychology: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion. Normal Probability Curve. Parametric [t-test] and Non-parametric tests [Sign Test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman]. Power analysis. Effect size.

Correlational Analysis: Correlation [Product Moment, Rank Order], Partial correlation, multiple correlation.
Special Correlation Methods: Biserial, Point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient.
Regression: Simple linear regression, Multiple regression.
Factor analysis: Assumptions, Methods, Rotation and Interpretation

Experimental Designs: ANOVA [One-way, Factorial], Randomized Block Designs, Repeated Measures Design, Latin Square, Cohort studies, Time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs.

3. Psychological testing
Types of tests
Test construction: Item writing, item analysis
Test standardization: Reliability, validity and Norms

Areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, Personality assessment, interest inventories

Attitude scales – Semantic differential, Staples, Likert scale.
Computer-based psychological testing

Applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, Organizational and business, Education, Counseling, Military. Career guidance.




4. Biological basis of behavior
Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes

Neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters.

The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems – Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity.

Methods of Physiological Psychology: Invasive methods – Anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non invasive methods – EEG, Scanning methods.

Muscular and Glandular system: Types and functions

Biological basis of Motivation: Hunger, Thirst, Sleep and Sex.

Biological basis of emotion: The Limbic system, Hormonal regulation of behavior.

Genetics and behavior: Chromosomal anomalies; Nature Nurture controversy [Twin studies and adoption studies]

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5. Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting
Attention: Forms of attention, Models of attention
Perception:
Approaches to the Study of Perception: Gestalt and physiological approaches
Perceptual Organization: Gestalt, Figure and Ground, Law of Organization
Perceptual Constancy: Size, Shape, and Color; Illusions
Perception of Form, Depth and Movement
Role of motivation and learning in perception

Signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications
Subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach
to perception, culture and perception, perceptual styles, Pattern recognition,
Ecological perspective on perception.

Learning Process:
Fundamental theories: Thorndike, Guthrie, Hull
Classical Conditioning: Procedure, phenomena and related issues
Instrumental learning: Phenomena, Paradigms and theoretical issues;
Reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules; Behaviour modification and
its applications
Cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning.
Verbal learning and Discrimination learning
Recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning

Memory and Forgetting
Memory processes: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-term memory (Working
memory), Long-term Memory (Declarative – Episodic and Semantic;
Procedural)
Theories of Forgetting: Interference, Retrieval Failure, Decay, Motivated forgetting

6. Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity
Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, Gestalt,
Information processing, Feature integration model
Concept formation: Rules, Types, and Strategies; Role of concepts in thinking
Types of Reasoning
Language and thought
Problem solving: Type, Strategies, and Obstacles
Decision-making: Types and models
Metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and Metacognitive regulation
Intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg;
Goleman; Das, Kar & Parrila
Creativity: Torrance, Getzels & Jackson, Guilford, Wallach & Kogan
Relationship between Intelligence and Creativity




7. Personality, Motivation, emotion, stress and coping
Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural
Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian,
Social learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential,
Transpersonal psychology.
Other theories: Rotter's Locus of Control, Seligman's Explanatory styles,
Kohlberg’s theory of Moral development.
Basic motivational concepts: Instincts, Needs, Drives, Arousal, Incentives,
Motivational Cycle.
Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, Ethological, S-R
Cognitive, Humanistic

Exploratory behavior and curiosity
Zuckerman's Sensation seeking
Achievement, Affiliation and Power
Motivational Competence
Self-regulation
Flow
Emotions: Physiological correlates
Theories of emotions: James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer,
Lazarus, Lindsley.

Emotion regulation
Conflicts: Sources and types
Stress and Coping: Concept, Models, Type A, B, C, D behaviors, Stress
management strategies [Biofeedback, Music therapy, Breathing exercises,
Progressive Muscular Relaxation, Guided Imagery, Mindfulness, Meditation,
Yogasana, Stress Inoculation Training]. 

8. Social Psychology
Nature, scope and history of social psychology
Traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, Cognitive Dissonance,
Sociobiology, Psychodynamic Approaches, Social Cognition.
Social perception [Communication, Attributions]; attitude and its change
within cultural context; prosocial behavior
Group and Social influence [Social Facilitation; Social loafing]; Social
influence [Conformity, Peer Pressure, Persuasion, Compliance, Obedience,
Social Power, Reactance]. Aggression. Group dynamics, leadership style and
effectiveness. Theories of intergroup relations [Minimal Group Experiment
and Social Identity Theory, Relative Deprivation Theory, Realistic Conflict
Theory, Balance Theories, Equity Theory, Social Exchange Theory]
Applied social psychology: Health, Environment and Law; Personal space,
crowding, and territoriality.

9. Human Development and Interventions
Developmental processes: Nature, Principles, Factors in development, Stages
of Development. Successful aging.
Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, Behavioristic, and Cognitive
Various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language,
emotional, social and moral.
Psychopathology: Concept, Mental Status Examination, Classification, Causes
Psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, Person-centered, Gestalt, Existential,
Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Behavior therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, Play
therapy, Positive psychotherapy, Transactional Analysis, Dialectic behavior
therapy, Art therapy, Performing Art Therapy, Family therapy.

Applications of theories of motivation and learning in School
Factors in educational achievement
Teacher effectiveness
Guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques
Counselling: Process, skills, and techniques



10. Emerging Areas
Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and
discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse
and Domestic violence.
Peace psychology: Violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level,
role of media in conflict resolution.
Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing [Hedonic and Eudemonic],
Character strengths, Resilience and Post-Traumatic Growth.
Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviors, Life style and
Chronic diseases [Diabetes, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease],
Psychoneuroimmunology [Cancer, HIV/AIDS]
Psychology and technology interface: Digital learning; Digital etiquette:
Cyber bullying; Cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; Parental
mediation of Digital Usage.


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Monday, May 15, 2023

UGC NET Paper 1 2023 MCQs | NTA UGC NET Paper 1 Questions & Answers








(MCQs)

Q. According to THE CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES ACT, 2009, Which of the following will be the visitor of the university? केन्द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय अधिनियम, 2009, इनमें से कौन-सा विश्वविद्यालय का परिदर्शक होगा?
(A) President of India
(B) Vice-President of India
(C) Chief Justice of India
(D) Prime Minister of India

(A) President of India

The Visitor may, from time to time, appoint one or more persons to review the work and progress of the University.

Example of Delhi University :- The President of India is the Visitor, the Vice-President of India is the Chancellor and the Chief Justice of India is the Pro-Chancellor of the University. 

The Court, the Executive Council, the Academic Council and the Finance Committee are the administrative authorities of the University. 

The University Court is the supreme authority of the University and has the power to review the acts of the Executive Council and the Academic Council. 

The Executive Council is the highest executive body of the University. The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the University and is responsible for the maintenance of education and examination within the university. It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters. 

The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.

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Q. Which of these Convention is associated with hazardous waste? इनमें से कौन-सा सम्मेलन खतरनाक अपशिष्ट से जुड़ा है?
(A) Stockholm Convention
(B) Bonn Convention
(C) Basel Convention
(D) COP24

(C) Basel Convention

Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations. The convention was opened for signature on 21 March 1989, and entered into force on 5 May 1992. 

The Basel Convention aims to protect the environment by bringing measures to control hazardous and other waste disposals.

Basel Convention (Wastes)/Examples of Hazardous Waste :- Pesticides and other garden chemicals, paint thinners, batteries, cleaners, Biomedical (organs and body parts, needles, syringes, broken glass) and healthcare wastes etc. 

Q. Is India member of Basel Convention?
Yes, India is a member of the Basel Convention. It ratified the convention in June 1992 and brought it into force on 22nd September 1992.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOEF&CC) introduced Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules of 2016.




Q. What is Kigali Amendment?
(A) Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol
(B) Amendment to the Paris Agreement
(C) Amendment to the Rio Summit
(D) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol

(D) It is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. (यह मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल में संशोधन है।)

Q. Mark the correct statement/s.
(1) Raymond Samuel Tomlinson is the father of email.
(2) Paul Buchheit created Gmail.

Code :-
(A) Only 2
(B) Only 1
(C) Both
(D) None

(C) Both

Gmail is a free email service provided by Google.

Q. Paris Agreement is the successor of _______. 
(A) Stockholm Convention
(B) Vienna Convention
(C) Montreal Protocol
(D) Kyoto Protocol

(D) Kyoto Protocol

Q. DKIM is used for authentication in _______. DKIM का उपयोग _______ में प्रमाणीकरण के लिए किया जाता है।
(A) social networking sites
(B) e-mails
(C) blogs
(D) payments systems

(B) e-mails

DomainKeys Identified Mail, or DKIM, is a technical standard that helps protect email senders and recipients from spam, spoofing, and phishing.

Q. What is the name of the highest body in India that advises the Central and State Governments in the field of education? भारत में सर्वोच्च निकाय का क्या नाम है जो शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों को सलाह देता है?
(A) National Knowledge Commission
(B) National Commission for Higher Education and Research
(C) Central Advisory Board of Education
 (D) Both (A) and (B)

(C) Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE)

The Central Advisory Board of Education, the oldest and the most important advisory body of the Government of India in education was first established in 1920 and dissolved in 1923. It was revived in 1935 and has been in existence ever since.

:- Its main function is to advise Central and State Govt. in the field of education.






Q. Which Indian state planted 6 crores saplings in 12 hours in July, 2017 in an attempt to full fill Paris agreement promise? पेरिस समझौते के वादे को पूरा करने के प्रयास में किस भारतीय राज्य ने जुलाई, 2017 में 12 घंटे में 6 करोड़ पौधे लगाए?
(A) Kerala
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) West Bengal
(D) Jharkhand

(B) Madhya Pradesh

Paris Agreement :- Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. As of September 2022, 194 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement.

Q. The following list indicates different types of computer networks. Arrange them in an ascending order on the basis of geographical space implied.
(A) WAN < MAN < LAN
(B) WAN < LAN < MAN
(C) LAN < WAN < MAN
(D) LAN < MAN < WAN

(D) LAN < MAN < WAN

Local Area Network (LAN) :- A local area network connects computers that are in the same building.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) :- a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is basically a bigger version of LAN and normally uses similar technology. It can be a private or public network. It might cover a group of nearby corporate offices or it can be in a city.

Wide Area Network (WAN) :- A wide area network connects computers in different cities or countries.

WAN covers the largest area and LAN covers the smallest area.

Q. Who is attributed to the the founder of modern educational psychology? आधुनिक शिक्षा मनोविज्ञान के जनक का श्रेय किसे जाता है?
(A) John Dewy
(B) Edward Thorndike
(C) Jean Piaget
(D) Lawrence Kohlberg

(B) Edward Thorndike

Q. Which committee/commission recommended the choice-based credit system in higher education? किस समिति/आयोग ने उच्च शिक्षा में च्वाइस बेस्ड क्रेडिट सिस्टम की सिफारिश की?
(A) Administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC
(B) Justice Verma Commission on Teacher Education 
(C) Ramamurti Committee on Higher Education
(D) Chattopadhyay Committee on Teacher Education

(A) Administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC

:- The administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC recommended the choice-based credit system in higher education.




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