Keep Learning Keep Growing: 10/23/22

(Mock TEST 1) (People, Development & Environment) (10 MCQs)

1. What is the theme of Environment Day 2021 and which country hosted it? पर्यावरण दिवस 2021 का विषय क्या है और किस देश ने इसकी मेजबानी की?

(A) Beat Air Pollution & China

(B) Time for Nature & Colombia

(D) Beat Plastic Pollution & New Delhi, India

World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on 5 June.

:- First held in 1974

:- Official name :- UN World Environment Day

:- Also called :- Eco Day, Environment Day, WED (world environment day)

:- World Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations at the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment ( 5–16 June 1972). Two years later, in 1974 the first WED was held with the theme "Only One Earth" in Spokane, United States.

2. The concept of carbon credit originated from which one of the following? कार्बन क्रेडिट की अवधारणा निम्नलिखित में से किससे उत्पन्न हुई थी?

(A) Rio Summit
(B) Kyoto Protocol
(C) Montreal Protocol
(D) Paris Agreement

(B) Kyoto Protocol || A carbon credit is a permit or certificate allowing the holder, such as a company, to emit carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.

Kyoto Protocol :- to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

:- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

3. Which of the following are related to protection of ozone layer? निम्नलिखित में से कौन ओजोन परत के संरक्षण से संबंधित हैं?

(1) Basel Convention (1989)

(2) Vienna Convention (1985)

(3) Montreal Protocol (1987)

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) Only 2 and 3

(D) All of the above

(B) Only 2 and 3

(2) Vienna Convention (1985) :- The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985.

Signed :- 22 March 1985

Effective :- 22 September 1988

(3) Montreal Protocol (1987) :- The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.

(1) Basel Convention (1989) :- Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs). The convention was opened for signature on 21 March 1989, and entered into force on 5 May 1992.

4. By whom is the Sustainable Development Goals (सतत विकास लक्ष्य) (SDGs) India Index released?

(A) Central Government (केंद्र सरकार)

(B) Union Government (संघ सरकार)

(D) World Bank (विश्व बैंक)

(E) World Economic Forum (विश्व आर्थिक मंच)

Q. What are the Sustainable Development Goals? सतत विकास लक्ष्य क्या हैं?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity (शांति और समृद्धि) by 2030. सस्टेनेबल डेवलपमेंट गोल्स (एसडीजी), जिसे ग्लोबल गोल्स के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, को 2015 में सभी संयुक्त राष्ट्र सदस्य राज्यों द्वारा गरीबी को समाप्त करने, ग्रह की रक्षा और यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कि सभी लोग 2030 तक शांति और समृद्धि का आनंद लेते हैं।

The SDGs were developed to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which ended in 2015. सहस्राब्दी विकास लक्ष्यों (MDGs) को सफल करने के लिए सतत विकास लक्ष्य (SDGs) विकसित किए गए थे जो 2015 में समाप्त हो गए।

17 Sustainable Development Goals are :- 17 सतत विकास लक्ष्य हैं: -

(1) No Poverty गरीबी नहीं

(2) Zero Hunger शून्य भूख

(3) Good Health & Well-Being अच्छा स्वास्थ्य और कल्याण

(4) Quality Education गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा

(5) Gender Equality लैंगिक समानता

(6) Clean Water & Sanitation स्वच्छ जल और स्वच्छता

(7) Affordable & Clean Energy सस्ती और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा

(8) Decent Work & Economic Growth निर्णय कार्य और आर्थिक विकास

(9) Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure उद्योग, नवाचार और बुनियादी ढांचा

(10) Reduced Inequalities घटती अन्याय

(11) Sustainable Cities & Communities सतत शहर और समुदाय

(12) Responsible Consumption & Production जिम्मेदार उपभोग और उत्पादन

(13) Climate Action जलवायु क्रिया

(14) Life Below Water

(15) Life On Land जमीन पर जीवन

(16) Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions शांति, न्याय और मजबूत संस्थाएँ

(17) Partnerships For The Goals लक्ष्यों के लिए साझेदारी

5. Which Millennium Development Goal (MDG) focuses on primary education? प्राथमिक शिक्षा पर कौन-सा एमडीजी केंद्रित है?

(A) MDG 1

(B) MDG 2

(D) MDG 7

(B) MDG 2

Q. How many MDGs are there?

Eight

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals are :-

(1) To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger अत्यधिक गरीबी और भूख मिटाना

(2) To achieve universal primary education सार्वभौमिक प्राथमिक शिक्षा प्राप्त करना

(3) To promote gender equality and empower women लैंगिक समानता को बढ़ावा देना और महिलाओं को सशक्त बनाना

(4) To reduce child mortality बाल मृत्यु दर को कम करना

(5) To improve maternal health मातृ स्वास्थ्य में सुधार करना

(6) To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases एचआईवी / एड्स, मलेरिया और अन्य बीमारियों का मुकाबला करने के लिए

(7) To ensure environmental sustainability पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता सुनिश्चित करना

(8) To develop a global partnership for development विकास के लिए वैश्विक साझेदारी विकसित करना

Each goal had specific targets, and dates for achieving those targets.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) :- 2000 - 2015

6. भारत पेरिस समझौते की पुष्टि करने वाला कौन-सा देश है? Which country is India to ratify the Paris Agreement?

(A) 60th

(B) 62nd

(D) 73rd

(B) 62nd || The Paris Agreement to combat climate change. India was 62nd country to ratify it on 2 October 2016. जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटने के लिए पेरिस समझौता। 2 अक्टूबर 2016 को भारत इसका अनुसमर्थन करने वाला 62 वाँ देश था। (Mahatma Gandhi Ji 147th Birth Anniversary)

Paris Agreement :- adopted in 2015

:- The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day).

7. Which is not a part of National Action Plan on Climate Change? जलवायु परिवर्तन पर राष्ट्रीय कार्य योजना का कौन-सा हिस्सा नहीं है?

(A) National Water Mission राष्ट्रीय जल मिशन

(B) National Mission on Pollution Control प्रदूषण नियंत्रण पर राष्ट्रीय मिशन

(D) National Mission on Sustainable Habitat स्थायी निवास पर राष्ट्रीय मिशन

(B) National Mission on Pollution Control प्रदूषण नियंत्रण पर राष्ट्रीय मिशन

The National Action Plan on Climate change was formally launched on June 30th, 2008. जलवायु परिवर्तन पर राष्ट्रीय कार्य योजना औपचारिक रूप से 30 जून, 2008 को शुरू की गई थी।

The eight “National Missions” are :-

:- National Solar Mission

:- National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

:- National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

:- National Water Mission

:- National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

:- National Mission for a Green India

:- National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

:- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

8. The world’s largest solar tree has been installed in which state? विश्व का सबसे बड़ा सौर वृक्ष किस राज्य में स्थापित किया गया है?

(A) West Bengal

(B) Rajasthan

(D) Madhya Pradesh

(A) West Bengal

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) – Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI) has developed the world's largest solar tree, which has been installed at the CSIR-CMERI Residential Colony, Durgapur in West Bengal.

9. The Earth Day 2021 theme is _______. पृथ्वी दिवस 2021 का विषय _______ है।

(A) End Plastic Pollution

(B) Trees for Earth

(D) Restore Our Earth

(D) Restore Our Earth || The theme for Earth Day 2020 was climate action. On Earth Day 2020, over 100 million people around the world observed the 50th anniversary. Earth Day is an annual global event, observed on April 22. The first Earth Day was held on 22nd April in 1970. The first Earth Day eventually led to the creation of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) government agency. Gaylord Nelson is credited with founding Earth Day.

10. What is the theme of International Day for Biological Diversity 2020? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय जैव विविधता दिवस 2020 का विषय क्या है?

(A) We’re part of the solution

(B) Biodiversity and Sustainable Tourism

(D) Water and Biodiversity

2021 Theme :- We’re part of the solution (हम समाधान का हिस्सा हैं)

The United Nations has proclaimed May 22 The International Day for Biological Diversity (IDB) to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues. संयुक्त राष्ट्र ने जैव विविधता के मुद्दों की समझ और जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए 22 मई को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय जैव विविधता दिवस (IDB) घोषित किया है।

(Mock TEST 2) (People, Development & Environment) (5 MCQs)

1. Which among the following gas was leaked during the Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984? 1984 में भोपाल गैस त्रासदी के दौरान निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी गैस का रिसाव हुआ था?

(A) Methyl Isocyanide

(B) Methyl Phosgene

(D) Methyl Isochloride

(Bhopal disaster)

Q. What was the Bhopal disaster?

The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas chemical leak incident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

:- At the time, it was called the worst industrial accident in history.

:- Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas.

Q. Which toxic gas was leaked in Bhopal gas tragedy? भोपाल गैस त्रासदी में कौन सी जहरीली गैस का रिसाव हुआ था?

Methyl isocyanate (MIC)

:- MIC (Methyl Isocyanate) reacted with water in a tank.

Outcome (परिणाम) :-

:- Environment Protection Act, 1986 Act of the Parliament of India. In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the (Government of India) enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution. Passed in May 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986. It has 26 sections and 4 chapters. The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. They relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property.

:- The Factories Act, 1948, as amended by the Factories Act, 1987.

2. Which of the following is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury? निम्नलिखित में से कौन मानव स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण को मानवजनित उत्सर्जन और पारे के विमोचन से बचाने के लिए डिज़ाइन की गई एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संधि है?

(A) Montreal Protocol

(B) UNFCCC

(D) Minamata Convention

The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury.

Signed :- 10 October 2013

Effective :- 16 August 2017

3. 2021 तक UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) के कितने COP हो चुके है?

(A) 24

(B) 25

(D) 27

COP 26 :- Glasgow, United Kingdom

COP 27 :- Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

4. Which one of the following is the biggest Thermal Power Plant in India with an installed capacity of 4,760MW? 4,760MW की स्थापित क्षमता वाला भारत का सबसे बड़ा थर्मल पावर प्लांट निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा है?

(A) Mauda Super Thermal Power Plant, Maharashtra

(B) Mundra Thermal Power station, Gujarat

(D) Vindhyanchal Thermal Power station, Madhya Pradesh

The Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station in the Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh, it is the largest power station in India, and the 9th largest coal-fired power station in the world, with an installed capacity of 4,760 MW is currently the biggest thermal power plant in India. It is a coal-based power plant owned and operated by NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation Limited).

5. The 4th General Assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) has decided to achieve what amount of global investments in solar energy by 2030? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन की चौथी महासभा ने 2030 तक सौर ऊर्जा में वैश्विक निवेश की कितनी राशि हासिल करने का फैसला किया है?

(A) USD 1 billion

(B) USD 5 trillion

(D) USD 1 trillion

The 4th General Assembly of multilateral body International Solar Alliance (ISA) concluded with the member nations promising to achieve USD 1 trillion global investments in solar energy by 2030.

(Mock TEST 3) (Environment Current Affairs)

1. India will achieve net-zero carbon emissions by which year, as per PM Modi’s address at the climate summit in Glasgow? ग्लासगो में जलवायु शिखर सम्मेलन में पीएम मोदी के संबोधन के अनुसार, भारत किस वर्ष तक शुद्ध-शून्य कार्बन उत्सर्जन प्राप्त करेगा?

(A) 2030

(B) 2040

(D) 2070

COP26 :- The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly referred to as COP26, was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference, held at the SEC Centre (Scotland's largest exhibition centre) in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma. Delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol.

The Conference of Parties, known as COP, is the decision-making body responsible for monitoring and reviewing the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It brings together the 197 nations and territories – called Parties – that have signed on to the Framework Convention. The COP has met annually since 1995.

Q. When was the first Conference of the Parties? पार्टियों का पहला सम्मेलन कब हुआ था?

The first Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP1) met in Berlin from 28 March - 7 April 1995.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) :- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established an international environmental treaty to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system" & stabilizing greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It established a Secretariat headquartered in Bonn, Germany and entered into force on 21 March 1994. By 2020 the UNFCCC had 197 states parties. It's supreme decision-making body, the Conference of the Parties (COP), meets annually to assess progress in dealing with climate change.

net-zero :- a target of completely negating the amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activity, to be achieved by reducing emissions and implementing methods of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. मानव गतिविधि द्वारा उत्पादित ग्रीनहाउस गैसों की मात्रा को पूरी तरह से नकारने का लक्ष्य, उत्सर्जन को कम करके और वातावरण से कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड को अवशोषित करने के तरीकों को लागू करके प्राप्त किया जाना है।

2. When is World Tsunami Awareness Day? विश्व सुनामी जागरूकता दिवस कब है?

(A) 5th October

(B) 5th November

(D) 5th January

(B) 5th November

In December 2015, the UN General Assembly designated 5 November as World Tsunami Awareness Day. World Tsunami Awareness Day is observed every year on November 5, 2021 to raise tsunami awareness and share innovative approaches to risk reduction. In the past 100 years, tsunamis have killed more than 2,60,000 people.

3. Which nation became the 101st Signatory country of the International Solar Alliance? कौन-सा देश अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का 101वां हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देश बन गया है?

(A) USA

(B) Israel

(D) Tunisia

(A) USA (United States of America)

4. Where has Union Minister of Heavy Industries Mahendra Nath Pandey inaugurated the first air pollution control tower of the state of Uttar Pradesh in November 2021? केंद्रीय भारी उद्योग मंत्री महेंद्र नाथ पांडे ने नवंबर 2021 में उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के पहले वायु प्रदूषण नियंत्रण टावर का उद्घाटन कहाँ किया है?

(A) Noida

(B) Kanpur

(D) Prayagraj

(A) Noida

The tower will clean the polluted air around it and release purified air.

5. Which city has topped the NITI Aayog’s Sustainable Development Goals Urban India Index and Dashboard 2021-22? नीति आयोग के सतत विकास लक्ष्य शहरी भारत सूचकांक और डैशबोर्ड 2021-22 में किस शहर ने शीर्ष स्थान हासिल किया है?

(A) Shimla

(B) Guwahati

(D) Meerut

(A) Shimla

Dhanbad in Jharkhand is ranked at the bottom of SDG Urban Index and Dashboard 2021-22.

6. Which is the world's most polluted capital for the third straight year, as per 2020 World Air Quality Report? विश्व वायु गुणवत्ता रिपोर्ट 2020 के अनुसार, लगातार तीसरे वर्ष दुनिया की सबसे प्रदूषित राजधानी कौन सी है?

(A) Beijing

(B) Islamabad

(D) New Delhi

(Mock TEST 4) (8 Environment Questions - Answers)

1. Which of the following is associated with mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा ग्रीनहाउस गैस (GHG) उत्सर्जन को कम करने से संबंधित है?

(1) Paris Agreement

(2) CBD

(3) Kyoto Protocol

(4) UNFCCC

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1 & 3

(D) 3 & 4

The most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere :- पृथ्वी के वायुमण्डल में सर्वाधिक मात्रा में पायी जाने वाली ग्रीन हाउस गैसें :-

:- Water vapor (H2O) (36–72%)

:- Carbon dioxide (CO2) (9–26%)

:- Methane (CH4) (4–9%)

:- Nitrous oxide (N2O)

:- Ozone (O3) (3–7%)

:- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs and HCFCs)

:- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

:- Perfluorocarbons (carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), Hexafluoroethane (C2F6), etc.), (Sulfur hexafluoride) SF6, and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)

Kyoto Protocol :- to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

:- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) :- to combat dangerous human interference with the climate system & stabilizing greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.

Paris Agreement :- is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. It covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance.

:- Climate change adaptation is the process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.

:- The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. As of November 2021, 193 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement.

CBD :- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.

:- conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity)

:- Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. While Earth’s biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the Earth’s magnificent biodiversity at risk.

:- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. It has two supplementary agreements, the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol.

2. Which is known as Earth Summit? पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन के रूप में किसे जाना जाता है?

(A) CBD

(B) UNCCD

(D) UNFCCC

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the "Earth Summit", was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3-14 June 1992. This global conference, held on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the first Human Environment Conference in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972.

3. Which of these convention has not been opened for signature at the Earth Summit 1992? इनमें से कौन-सा सम्मेलन 1992 के पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन में हस्ताक्षर के लिए नहीं खोला गया है?

(A) Convention on Biological Diversity

(B) UNFCCC

(D) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

:- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997.

These convention has been opened for signature at the Earth Summit 1992 :-

(1) Convention on Biological Diversity

(2) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

(3) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

4. Mark the Important Outcome/s of Earth Summit 1992. पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन 1992 के महत्वपूर्ण परिणाम/परिणामों को चिह्नित करें।

(1) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

(2) Forest Principles

(3) Bonn Convention

(4) Agenda 21

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) 1-2-4

(D) 2-3-4

(B) 1-2-4

Important Outcomes (महत्वपूर्ण परिणाम) :-

(1) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

(2) Agenda 21

(3) Forest Principles

5. Which of the following is within the UNFCCC? इनमें से कौन-सा UNFCCC के भीतर है?

(1) Kyoto Protocol

(2) Montreal Protocol

(3) Vienna Convention

(4) Paris Agreement

Code :-

(A) 1 & 4

(B) 1-3-4

(D) 1-2-4

(A) 1 & 4

6. How many sections and chapters are there in the Environmental Protection Act (1986)? पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम (1986) में कितने खंड और अध्याय हैं?

(A) 24 sections and 6 chapters

(B) 18 sections and 4 chapters

(D) 22 sections and 8 chapters

7. What is the theme for World Wetland Day 2021? विश्व आर्द्रभूमि दिवस 2021 की विषय क्या है?

(A) Wetlands and Water (आर्द्रभूमि और जल)

(B) Wetlands and Biodiversity (आर्द्रभूमि और जैव विविधता)

(D) Time for Nature (प्रकृति के लिए समय)

(A) Wetlands and water (आर्द्रभूमि और जल)

Theme :-

2021 :- Wetlands and water (आर्द्रभूमि और जल)

2020 :- Wetlands and Biodiversity (आर्द्रभूमि और जैव विविधता)

:- World Wetlands Day is celebrated each year on 2 February to raise awareness about wetlands. This day also marks the anniversary of the Convention on Wetlands, which was adopted as an international treaty in 1971.

8. International Day for Biological Diversity is observed on _______. जैविक विविधता के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 16th September

(B) 22nd May

(D) 5th June

(B) 22nd May

Theme 2021 :- We're part of the solution (हम समाधान का हिस्सा हैं)

Theme 2020 :- Our solutions are in nature (हमारे समाधान प्रकृति में हैं)

:- to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues. जैव विविधता के मुद्दों की समझ और जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए।

(Mock TEST 05) (ICT 15 MCQs)

1. PSD stands for?

(A) Personal Software Document

(B) Personal Document

(D) Photoshop Document

(D) Photoshop Document || This is the main file format for Photoshop.

(1) TIFF (Image file formats) stands for Tagged Image File Format.

(2) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a popular image file format.

(3) Exif :- Exchangeable image file format

2. Which one of the following groups contains graphical file extensions?

(A) PNG, Raw, Xls, INI file

(B) PNG, Raw, PDF, Binary file

(D) BMP, GIF, PNG, Raw

BMP :- bitmap image file

GIF file :- Graphical Interchange Format

PNG :- Portable Network Graphics

:- raw image format

3. Which is the most common protocol used for sending emails? ईमेल भेजने के लिए सबसे आम प्रोटोकॉल कौन-सा है?

(1) HTTP

(2) FTP

(3) SMTP

(4) POP

(5) IMAP

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 2-3-4-5

(D) 2-3-4

(C) 3-4-5 || There are three common protocols used to deliver email over the Internet :- the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), the Post Office Protocol (POP), and the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).

4. In Networks, WEP stands for?

(A) Wireless Equivalent Privacy

(B) Wireless Extended Privacy

(D) Wired Equivalent Privacy

(D) Wired Equivalent Privacy || WEP is a security protocol for Wi-Fi networks.

5. How long is an IPv6 address?

(A) 32 bits

(B) 128 bytes

(D) 128 bits

(D) 128 bits || IPv6 address is 128 bits long. An Internet Protocol Version 6 address (IPv6 address) is a alphanumeric label that is used to identify and locate a network interface of a computer.

6. There are _______ kinds of interactions in e-governance.

(A) Two

(B) Three

(D) Five

There are 4 types of e-governance namely :-

G2C (Government to Citizens)

G2B (Government to Business)

G2E (Government to employees)

G2G (Government to Government)

7. Which among the given options has the smallest storage capacity? दिए गए विकल्पों में से किसकी भंडारण क्षमता सबसे कम है?

(A) Zip drive

(B) Hard disk

(D) Data cartridge

(C) Floppy disk || Today, the most commonly used floppy disks are 3.5 inches and have the capacity of 800 KB to 2.8 MB (with a standard of 1.44 MB).

Zip disk :- Zip disks were originally launched with capacities of 100 MB, then 250 MB, and finally 750 MB.

Data cartridge :- Today, a modern tape cartridge can hold 15 terabytes.

Hard disk drive :- In 2018, the largest hard drive had a capacity of 15 TB, while the largest capacity SSD (Solid State Drive) had a capacity of 100 TB.

8. The free available known repair of software bug on internet _______.

(A) Version

(B) Patch

(D) FAQ

(B) Patch || An error in a computer program is called a bug.

9. Name the type of memory which clears everything when the power of a computer gets switched off. उस मेमोरी के प्रकार का नाम बताइए जो कंप्यूटर की बिजली बंद होने पर सब कुछ साफ कर देता है।

(A) Pen Drive

(B) Non-volatile

(D) Volatile

(E) Google Drive

(D) Volatile || Volatile memory is memory that requires electric current to retain data. When the power is turned off, all data is erased. For example, RAM is volatile.

10. Which of the following is a term for the process of trading goods over the Internet? इंटरनेट पर व्यापारिक वस्तुओं की प्रक्रिया के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा शब्द है?

(A) e-selling-n-buying

(B) e-trading

(D) e-salesmanship

(E) e-commerce

11. Which among the following is the smallest unit of a digital image or graphic in a computer screen? निम्नलिखित में से कौन कंप्यूटर स्क्रीन में डिजिटल इमेज या ग्राफिक की सबसे छोटी इकाई है?

(A) Unit

(B) Pixel

(D) Resolution

(E) Clip

(B) Pixel || Pixels are combined to form a complete image, video, text or any visible thing on a computer display. A pixel is also known as a picture element.

12. Which among the following options is the line that describes the contents of the message while sending an e-mail? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विकल्प वह पंक्ति है जो ई-मेल भेजते समय संदेश की सामग्री का वर्णन करती है?

(a) to

(B) Blind carbon copy (BCC)

(D) Subject

13. Which of these was introduced in the second generation of computers? कंप्यूटर की दूसरी पीढ़ी में इनमें से किसे पेश किया गया था?

(A) Microprocessors

(B) Artificial Intelligence

(D) Vacuum Tubes

(E) Transistors

(E) Transistors || The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable.

14. Which of the following options is not an Operating System? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विकल्प ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम नहीं है?

(A) MS-DOS

(B) Blackberry OS

(D) Oracle

(E) UNIX

(D) Oracle Corporation (Computer software company)

15. Which of these is not a type of Operating System?

(A) Network Operating System

(B) Distributed Operating System

(D) Batch Operating System

(E) All are a type of Operating System

Types of Operating System :-

(1) Batch Operating System

(2) Real-Time Operating System

(3) Time-Sharing Operating System

(4) Distributed Operating System

(5) Embedded Operating System

(6) Network Operating System

(7) Mobile Operating System

(Mock TEST 06) (ICT 10 MCQs)

1. At what frequency does Bluetooth operates? ब्लूटूथ किस आवृत्ति पर काम करता है?

(A) 2.402 GHz to 2.98 GHz

(B) 2.402 GHz to 3.48 GHz

(D) 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz

(D) 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz || Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between mobile devices over short distances using Ultra high frequency (UHF) radio waves from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz.

WiFI networks :- 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies.

2. A file with the .MOBI file extension is used for _______.

(A) MS Word

(B) E-book

(D) Mobile

(E) e-commerce

(B) E-book || mobi files are an eBook file format created by the company Mobipocket for their Mobipocket Reader software.

3. Which of the following is a network security system designed to prevent malicious activity within a network? निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक नेटवर्क सुरक्षा प्रणाली है जिसे नेटवर्क के भीतर दुर्भावनापूर्ण गतिविधि को रोकने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है?

(A) IPS

(B) IMPS

(D) WAMP

(A) intrusion prevention system (IPS) || An intrusion prevention system (IPS) is a form of network security that works to detect and prevent identified threats. Intrusion prevention systems continuously monitor your network, looking for possible malicious incidents and capturing information about them.

4. When you copy music, pictures, and videos from a CD or DVD to your PC, it's called _______. जब आप सीडी या डीवीडी से संगीत, चित्र और वीडियो को अपने पीसी पर कॉपी करते हैं, तो इसे _______ कहा जाता है।

(A) prompting

(B) storing & burning

(D) accessing

(E) formatting

5. When you copy music, pictures, and videos from your PC to a blank CD or DVD, it's called ________. जब आप अपने पीसी से संगीत, चित्र और वीडियो को एक खाली सीडी या डीवीडी में कॉपी करते हैं, तो इसे ________ कहा जाता है।

(A) prompting & packing

(B) storing

(D) accessing

(E) formatting

6. Which of the following is a faster version of conventional Hard Disks? निम्नलिखित में से कौन पारंपरिक हार्ड डिस्क का तेज संस्करण है?

(A) SD Cards

(B) SSD

(D) DDR4 RAM

(B) Solid State Drive (SSD)

7. A passcode is a _______ sequence used to authenticate a user on computer or electronic device. पासकोड एक _______ अनुक्रम है जिसका उपयोग किसी उपयोगकर्ता को कंप्यूटर या इलेक्ट्रॉनिक डिवाइस पर प्रमाणित करने के लिए किया जाता है।

(A) numeric

(B) character

(D) symbolic

(A) numeric (Only Numbers)

8. IRC is a service that allows people to chat with each other online. What does R stands for in IRC?

(A) Reliable

(B) Reply

(D) Register

(C) Relay || Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a chat system on the Internet. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a protocol for real-time text messaging between internet-connected computers created in 1988. It is mainly used for group discussion in chat rooms called “channels”. People from around the world can use it to have conversations together. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is Internet application that was developed by Jarkko Oikarinen in Finland.

Jarkko Oikarinen (born 16 August 1967) is a Finnish IT professional and the inventor of the first Internet chat network, called Internet Relay Chat (IRC), where he is known as WiZ.

9. Which part of the CPU preventing it from overheating? CPU का कौन-सा भाग इसे अधिक गरम होने से रोकता है?

(A) Core

(B) SMPS

(D) Heat Sink

(D) Heat Sink || A heat sink is a device that incorporates a fan or another mechanism to reduce the temperature of a hardware component (e.g., processor).

10. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

1. The instructions to a computer are given in assembly language. कंप्यूटर को निर्देश असेंबली भाषा में दिए गए हैं।

2. GPU is a processor designed to handle graphics operations. GPU एक ऐसा प्रोसेसर है जिसे ग्राफिक्स संचालन को संभालने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(B) Only 2

Incorrect Statement :- 1. The instructions to a computer are given in assembly language. कंप्यूटर को निर्देश असेंबली भाषा में दिए गए हैं।

Correct Answer :- Machine language

(Mock TEST 07) (8 MCQs)

1. To receive the degree Vasu learner was expected to learn minimum _______ years in Gurukul. डिग्री प्राप्त करने के लिए वासु शिक्षार्थी से गुरुकुल में न्यूनतम कितने वर्ष सीखने की उम्मीद की गई थी?

(A) 12

(B) 24

(D) 18

(B) 24

The Gurukul was a type of school in ancient education system. The Gurus train their students with meditations, yogas and other standards. The teacher is called as a Guru and the students are called as Shisyas.

Students were divided into three categories like :-

(1) Vasu - Those obtaining education up to the age of 24. 24 वर्ष की आयु तक शिक्षा प्राप्त करने वाले।

(2) Rudra - Those obtaining education up to the age of 36. 36 वर्ष की आयु तक शिक्षा प्राप्त करने वाले।

(3) Aaditya - Those obtaining education up to the age of 48. 48 वर्ष की आयु तक शिक्षा प्राप्त करने वाले।

2. Which of the following is the correct full form of TRAI ?

(A) Television Regulatory Authority of India

(B) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

(D) Telephone Regulatory Authority of India

(B) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (भारतीय दूरसंचार नियामक प्राधिकरण)

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a regulatory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997. It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India. यह भारत में दूरसंचार क्षेत्र का नियामक है।

Headquarters :- New Delhi

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established on 20 February 1997 by an Act of Parliament to regulate telecom services and tariffs in India.

3. For creation and development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) courses in different disciplines MHRD (formerly known) has notified _______ is one of the nine national co-ordinators.

(A) UGC & NCTE

(B) NITTTR

(D) NCTE

(B) NITTTR (National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free online courses available for anyone to enroll. MOOCs is a new type of online training. MOOCs are courses delivered online and accessible to all for free. SWAYAM is a Government of India’s own Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) platform, which has been offering online courses in disciplines such as Science, Engineering and Technology, Humanities and Social Sciences, Law, Management etc.

Nine national co-ordinators are :-

(1) Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC)

(2) National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)

(3) Indian Institute Of Management Bangalore

(4) National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

(5) Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)

(6) National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research (NITTTR)

(7) The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

(8) All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE)

(9) University Grants Commission (UGC)

They are AICTE for international courses. NPTEL for engineering, UGC for non technical post-graduation education, CEC for under-graduate education, NCERT & NIOS for school education, IGNOU for out of the school students, IIMB for management studies and NITTTR for Teacher Training programme.

4. Which of the following is the correct full form of IPTV ?

(A) Integrated Portable Television

(B) Internet Programmable Television

(D) Internet Protocol Television

Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is the delivery of television content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Internet-based Protocol Television (IPTV) refers to the streaming of TV programs through broadband Internet rather than the traditional cable or satellite. Popular IPTV services include :- Netflix, Disney+, YouTube, HBO Max, and Amazon Prime Video.

5. Sam Pitroda served as :- सैम पित्रोदा ने किसके रूप में कार्य किया?

(A) UGC Chairman

(B) NKC Chairman

(D) NCERT Chairman

(B) NKC Chairman

Satyan "Sam" Pitroda (born 4 May 1942) is an Indian telecommunication engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He is popularly known as the Father of India's Computer and IT Revolution as he helped Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in bringing computerization as an advisor to the PM. He was also an advisor to the PM during Dr. Manmohan Singh's tenure.

Pitroda served as chairman of the National Knowledge Commission (2005–2009), a high-level advisory body to the Prime Minister of India, to give policy recommendations for improving knowledge-related institutions and infrastructure in the country. Pitroda also founded the National Innovation Council (2010). In July 2009, the Government of India invited Pitroda to head an expert committee on ICT in Railways. In August 2010, Pitroda was appointed Chairman of the National Innovation Council. He was appointed as the chancellor of the Central University of Rajasthan by the President of India in 2013.

National Knowledge Commission (NKC) :- It was constituted on 13 June 2005, by the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh.

:- the Commission was to advise & reform the Prime Minister's Office on policy related to education & research institutes

The NKC website was launched in February 2006.

Dissolved :- July 2014

The National Knowledge Commission (NKC) consists of the following eight members.

:- Sam Pitroda, Chairman

6. "Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man"- this is a famous and most often quoted quote on education by _______. "शिक्षा मनुष्य में पहले से ही पूर्णता की अभिव्यक्ति है" - यह _______ द्वारा शिक्षा पर एक प्रसिद्ध और अक्सर उद्धृत उद्धरण है।

(A) Mahatma Gandhi

(B) Aristotle

(D) Swami Vivekananda

(E) John Dewey

(D) Swami Vivekananda

7. Mr. Sharma conducts question-answer session in her class to determine the abilities of students, at the beginning of an academic year. This is termed _______ assessment. श्री शर्मा एक शैक्षणिक वर्ष की शुरुआत में, छात्रों की क्षमताओं का निर्धारण करने के लिए अपनी कक्षा में प्रश्न-उत्तर सत्र आयोजित करते हैं। इसे __________ मूल्यांकन कहा जाता है।

(A) Formative

(B) Summative

(D) Cumulative

(A) Formative

8. Mark the correct pair.

(A) Wikipedia :- Larry Sanger

(B) Hotmail.com :- Larry Page

(D) YouTube :- Jack Smith

(A) Wikipedia :- Larry Sanger

YouTube Video sharing company

Founded :- 14 February 2005

Owner :- Google

Headquarters :- San Bruno, California, United States

Founders :- Jawed Karim, Chad Hurley, Steve Chen

Google Technology company

Founded :- 4 September 1998

Headquarters :- Mountain View, California, United States

Founders :- Larry Page, Sergey Brin

Hotmail.com

:- Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith, founded the first free web-based email service, Hotmail.com, in 1996.

Wikipedia

On January 15, 2001, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launched Wikipedia; Sanger coined its name as a portmanteau of "wiki" and "encyclopedia."

(Mock TEST 08) (12 MCQs)

1. Whose report was the first official document on the right to education in 1990? शिक्षा के अधिकार पर पहला आधिकारिक दस्तावेज 1990 में किसकी रिपोर्ट थी?

(A) Balwantrai Mehta Committee

(B) Kelkar Committee

(D) Bhurelal Committee

(C) Ramamurti Committee || The first official document on the Right to Education was Ramamurti Committee Report in 1990. Right to Education Act (RTE) provided free and compulsory education to children in 2009 and enforced it as a fundamental right under Article 21-A. The Right to Education serves to ensure that every child has his or her right to get a quality elementary education. The 86th amendment to the constitution of India in 2002, provided Right to Education as a fundamental right in part-III of the Constitution. The RTE Act aims to provide primary education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.

2. _______ is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). _______ कंप्यूटर नेटवर्किंग प्रौद्योगिकियों का एक परिवार है जो आमतौर पर स्थानीय क्षेत्र नेटवर्क (LAN), महानगरीय क्षेत्र नेटवर्क (MAN) और व्यापक क्षेत्र नेटवर्क (WAN) में उपयोग किया जाता है।

(A) Extranet
(B) ARPANET
(C) File Service Protocol (FSP)
(D) Ethernet

(D) Ethernet

3. What are examples of secondary storage device? माध्यमिक भंडारण उपकरण के उदाहरण क्या हैं?
(1) magnetic tapes
(2) cache
(3) RAM
(4) floppy disks

Code :-
(A) 1-2-3
(B) 1 & 2
(C) 2 & 4
(D) 1 & 4

(D) 1 & 4 || Secondary memory devices include magnetic disks like hard drives and floppy disks ; optical disks such as CDs and CDROMs ; and magnetic tapes (Magnetic tape is an example of hard disc memory), which were the first forms of secondary memory.
(1) Optical storage devices :- CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray discs
(2) Magnetic storage :- magnetic tape, floppy disks and hard-disk drives
(3) Solid state devices :- USB pen drives, SD cards, micro SD cards, newer types of hard drive, the SIM card that goes in your mobile phone and smart cards such as chip and pin credit and debit cards.

4. Which of these languages is used for numerical computation and scientific computing? इनमें से कौन सी भाषा का उपयोग संख्यात्मक अभिकलन और वैज्ञानिक कंप्यूटिंग लिए होता है?
(A) HTML
(B) ALGOL
(C) Fortran
(D) COBOL

(C) Fortran (Formula Translation) || Originally developed by IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications.
Designed by :- John Backus
Developer :- John Backus and IBM

5. What is the most popular programming language for Android smartphone applications? एंड्रॉइड स्मार्टफोन अनुप्रयोगों के लिए सबसे लोकप्रिय प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा कौन सी है?
(A) Java
(B) SQL Programming language
(C) COBOL
(D) Fortran

(A) Java || Java is a general-purpose programming language. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.

6. Internet cafes, college labs, college hostels, residence, school, university campus or office building etc. are examples of which network? इंटरनेट कैफे, कॉलेज लैब्स, कॉलेज हॉस्टल, निवास, स्कूल, विश्वविद्यालय परिसर या कार्यालय भवन आदि किस नेटवर्क के उदाहरण हैं?
(A) WAN
(B) PAN
(C) MAN
(D) LAN

(D) LAN || A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks.

7. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the period _______. 1997 में, क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल का निष्कर्ष निकाला गया और विकसित देशों के लिए _______ अवधि में अपने ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन को कम करने के लिए कानूनी रूप से बाध्यकारी दायित्वों को स्थापित किया गया।

(A) 2002-2008

(B) 2008-2012

(D) 1998-2002

(B) 2008-2012

8. According to the Montreal Protocol, which gas damages the Earth's protective ozone layer? मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल के अनुसार, कौन सी गैस पृथ्वी की सुरक्षात्मक ओजोन परत को नुकसान पहुँचाती है?

(A) CO2
(B) CH4
(C) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
(D) CFCs

(D) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) || The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. (Signed :- 16 September 1987 & Effective :- 1 January 1989)

9. In which network are both LAN (Local Area Network) and MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) present? किस नेटवर्क में LAN (लोकल एरिया नेटवर्क) और MAN (मेट्रोपॉलिटन एरिया नेटवर्क) दोनों मौजूद हैं?

(A) CAN (Campus Area Network)

(B) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

(D) WAN (Wide Area Network)

(E) TAN (Tiny Area Network)

(D) WAN (Wide Area Network)

10. The University of Valabhi was an important centre of _______ learning. वल्लभी विश्वविद्यालय _______ शिक्षा का एक महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र था।

(A) Greek culture (ग्रीक संस्कृति)

(B) Jain education (जैन शिक्षा)

(D) Brahmanical Education (ब्राह्मणवादी शिक्षा)

11. Which of the following initiatives is designed for engineers? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी पहल इंजीनियरों के लिए डिज़ाइन की गई है?

(A) GIAN

(B) e-kalpa

(D) e-Yantra

(D) e-Yantra (ई-यंत्र) || For undergraduate students in science and engineering colleges, polytechnic. Sponsored by MHRD under the National Mission on Education through ICT program.

12. _______ is a Library Management Software developed by National Informatics Centre. इनमें से कौन-सा राष्ट्रीय सूचना विज्ञान केंद्र द्वारा विकसित एक पुस्तकालय प्रबंधन सॉफ्टवेयर है?

(A) e-Bharatam

(B) e-Kalpa

(D) VIDWAN

(C) e-Granthalaya || Developed by National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India.

National Informatics Centre :- The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is an attached office under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in the Indian government.

Formation :- 1976

Headquarters :- New Delhi

The National Informatics Centre (NIC) was established in 1976 by Late N Shesagiri under the Electronics Commission of India and later moved under the then Planning Commission of India before coming under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY :- इलेक्ट्रॉनिकी और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय). Additional Secretary Late N Shesagiri was the first to introduce a network system in India called NICNET.

It is the technology partner of the Government of India and has been credited for helping the Indian government embrace IT in the 1990s and has also helped disseminate e-governance to the masses.

National Informatics Centre Services include :-

:- Government Local Area Networks (LANs)

:- Video Conferencing

:- National Knowledge Network (NKN)

:- Email & Messaging etc.

NIC is noted for being the primary constructor of e-Government applications. It also manages the National Knowledge Network (NKN).

:- NIC maintains the National Portal of India.

:- NICNET (National Informatics Centre Network) is a satellite-based nation-wide computer-communication network, that is a type of Wide Area Network (WAN).

(Mock TEST 09) (15 MCQs)

1. The UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium was formally launched in December 2003 by whom? UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium को औपचारिक रूप से दिसंबर, 2003 में किसके द्वारा शुरू किया गया था?

(A) Kailasavadivoo Sivan

(B) Narendra Modi

(D) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

2. Which project is also called "Creating Digital-learning Environment for Design"?

(A) Virtual Learning Environment

(B) e - Labs

(D) e - vidwan

(C) e - kalpa || Sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resources, Government of India as part of the National Mission in Education through Information and Communication Technology.

3. Which was the oldest university-system of education in the world? विश्व में शिक्षा का सबसे पुराना विश्वविद्यालय-व्यवस्था कौन-सा था?

(A) Nadia (नादिया)

(B) Vikramshila (विक्रमशिला)

(D) Nalanda (नालंदा)

4. In 1948-49, the University Education Commission was constituted under _______. 1948-49 में, किस के तहत विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा आयोग का गठन किया गया था?

(A) Radhakrishnan committee (राधाकृष्णन समिति)

(B) Kothari commission (कोठारी आयोग)

(D) T.S.R.Subramanium committee

(A) Radhakrishnan committee (राधाकृष्णन समिति)

5. "10+2+3" pattern of education originated from the recommendation of the _______. शिक्षा का "10 + 2 + 3" पैटर्न किसकी सिफारिश से उत्पन्न हुआ था?

(A) Indian Education Commission of 1882

(B) Education Commission of 1964–66

(D) National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986

(B) Education Commission of 1964–66 || The idea was born in the Education Commission of 1964-66, headed by Daulat Singh Kothari.

6. Under which section of UGC Act, 1956, deemed universities of India have been established? यूजीसी अधिनियम, 1956 की किस धारा के तहत भारत के डीम्ड विश्वविद्यालयों को स्थापित किया गया है?

(A) Section 2

(B) Section 3

(D) Section 5

(B) Section 3

7. Under which section of UGC Act, 1956, state private university is included? यूजीसी अधिनियम, 1956 की किस धारा के तहत राज्य निजी विश्वविद्यालय को शामिल किया गया है?

(A) Section 2(F)

(B) Section 14(A)

(D) Section 3 (B)

8. Data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world is _______. राज्यों, देशों या पूरी दुनिया में फैले डेटा संचार प्रणाली _______ है।

(A) LAN

(B) WAN

(D) TAN

(E) None

(B) WAN (Wide Area Network)

9. _______ emitted mainly by agricultural waste. _______ मुख्य रूप से कृषि अपशिष्ट द्वारा उत्सर्जित होते हैं।

(A) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (वाष्पशील कार्बनिक यौगिक)

(B) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) (नाइट्रोजन ऑक्साइड)

(D) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

10. Which greenhouse gas is described as the "the leading pollutant" & "the worst climate pollutant"? किस ग्रीनहाउस गैस को "अग्रणी प्रदूषक" और "सबसे खराब जलवायु प्रदूषक" के रूप में वर्णित किया गया है?

(A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

(B) Sulfur oxides (SOx)

(D) Carbon monoxide (CO)

(A) Carbon dioxide (CO2) || CO2 are emitted annually by burning of fossil fuels. Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. CO2 जीवाश्म ईंधन के जलने से प्रतिवर्ष उत्सर्जित होती है। कोयला, तेल और प्राकृतिक गैस जीवाश्म ईंधन के उदाहरण हैं।

11. Which is produced by volcanoes and various industrial processes? किसका उत्पादन ज्वालामुखियों और विभिन्न औद्योगिक प्रक्रियाओं द्वारा किया जाता है?

(A) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

(B) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (वाष्पशील कार्बनिक यौगिक)

(D) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

(C) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) || About 99% of the sulfur dioxide in air comes from human sources. हवा में सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड का लगभग 99% मानव स्रोतों से आता है। Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, and their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. कोयला और पेट्रोलियम में अक्सर सल्फर यौगिक होते हैं, और उनके दहन से सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड उत्पन्न होता है।

12. Which state government will initiate the world’s largest floating solar project by 2023? कौन सी राज्य सरकार 2023 तक दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी तैरती सौर परियोजना शुरू करेगी?

(A) Tamil Nadu

(B) Uttar Pradesh

(D) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Madhya Pradesh || The World's largest Floating solar energy project is to be constructed at Omkareshwar dam on Narmada river and will be operational by 2023. It would be a 600 MW plant.

13. To communicate with the mail server the mail reader uses special languages, called _______. मेल सर्वर के साथ संवाद करने के लिए मेल रीडर विशेष भाषाओं का उपयोग करता है, जिसे _______ कहा जाता है।

(A) Web server

(B) DNS

(D) Protocols

14. A _______ is a larger network that usually spans several buildings in the same city or town. एक _______ एक बड़ा नेटवर्क है जो आमतौर पर एक ही शहर या शहर में कई इमारतों का विस्तार करता है।

(A) MAN
(B) LAN
(C) PAN
(D) WAN

(A) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

15. _______ is the premier database of profiles of scientists / researchers and other faculty members working at leading academic institutions and other R&D organization involved in teaching and research in India. _______ भारत में शिक्षण और अनुसंधान में शामिल प्रमुख शैक्षणिक संस्थानों और अन्य अनुसंधान एवं विकास संगठन में काम करने वाले वैज्ञानिकों / शोधकर्ताओं और अन्य विभाग सदस्यों के प्रोफाइल का प्रमुख डेटाबेस है।

(A) VIDWAN

(B) e-ShodhSindhu

(D) FOSSEE

(A) VIDWAN || Expert Database & National Researcher's Network. (विशेषज्ञ डेटाबेस और राष्ट्रीय शोधकर्ता नेटवर्क)

(Mock TEST 10) (10 MCQs)

1. Which among the following Ministry of Education initiatives provides over 6000+ journals? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी शिक्षा मंत्रालय की पहल 6000+ से अधिक पत्रिकाएँ प्रदान करती है?

(A) National Digital Library

(B) SwayamPrabha

(D) e-ShodhSindhu

(D) e-ShodhSindhu || An Initiative by Ministry of Education, Govt of India & Being Executed by INFLIBNET Centre. Provides access to e-resources to centrally-funded technical institutions, universities and colleges that are covered under 12(B) and 2(f) Sections of the UGC Act. भारत में विश्वविद्यालयों, कॉलेजों और केंद्रीय रूप से वित्तपोषित तकनीकी संस्थानों को ई-संसाधनों तक पहुंच प्रदान करता है।

The Ministry of Education has formed e-ShodhSindhu merging three initiatives.

(1) UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium

(2) NLIST (National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content)

(3) INDEST-AICTE Consortium || Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sciences and Technology (INDEST) AICTE Consortium

2. Which of these is called the a reservoir of Indian Theses? इनमें से किसे भारतीय निबंध का संग्रह कहा जाता है?

(A) Shodh Shudhhi (शोध शुद्धि)

(B) Shodhganga (शोधगंगा)

(D) SAMARTH (समर्थ)

(B) Shodhganga (शोधगंगा) || "Shodhganga" is the name coined to denote digital repository (भंडार गृह) of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations set-up/maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre. (Founded :- 1991) INFLIBNET Centre became an independent Inter-University Centre in June 1996.

The word "Shodh" originates from Sanskrit and stands for research and discovery. The "Ganga" is the holiest, largest and longest of all rivers in Indian subcontinent. "गंगा" भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप की सभी नदियों में सबसे पवित्र और सबसे लंबी है।

The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET is set-up using an open source digital repository software called DSpace developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in partnership between Hewlett- Packard (HP). Shodhganga provides a platform for research scholars to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access.

3. Which of the following provides access to Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) to all universities/Institutions in India since Sept 1, 2019? निम्नलिखित में से कौन 1 सितंबर, 2019 से भारत के सभी विश्वविद्यालयों / संस्थानों को साहित्यिक चोरी का पता लगाने वाले सॉफ्टवेयर तक पहुँच प्रदान करता है?

(A) Setu Bharatam (सेतु भारतम)

(B) Shodh Shudhhi (शोध शुद्धि)

(D) e-Kalpa (ई-कल्प)

(B) Shodh Shudhhi (शोध शुद्धि)

Under this initiative, URKUND a Web Based Plagiarism Detection Software system is being provided to all Users of universities/Institutions in the country.

4. Which of the following is a platform to provide over 700+ e-Books for the Post-Graduate Courses? निम्नलिखित में से कौन स्नातकोत्तर पाठ्यक्रमों के लिए 700+ से अधिक ई-पुस्तकें प्रदान करने का एक मंच है?

(A) FOSSEE

(B) UGC-MOOCs

(D) e-Adhyayan (ई-अध्ययन)

(D) e-Adhyayan (ई-अध्ययन) || All the e-Books are derived from e-PG Pathshala courses. It also facilitates play-list of video content.

5. e-PG Pathshala is an initiative of the Ministry of Education under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT) being executed by the _______.

(A) CBSE

(B) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

(D) NTA

Theme :- A Gateway to all Post Graduate Courses

6. Who is called “Father of the Internet"? इंटरनेट का जनक किसे कहा जाता है?

(A) Paul Baran
(B) Ray Tomlinson
(C) Vint Cerf
(D) Tim Berners-Lee

(C) Vint Cerf || Widely known as a “Father of the Internet,” Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. In December 1997, President Bill Clinton presented the U.S. National Medal of Technology to Cerf and his colleague, Robert E. Kahn, for founding and developing the Internet.

7. Who invented the Electronic mail (email or e-mail)?
(A) Tim Cook
(B) Tim Berners-Lee
(C) Ray Tomlinson
(D) Blaise Pascal

(C) Ray Tomlinson || Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging (आदान-प्रदान) messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices.

8. Which agreement was rejoined by President Joe Biden in the first step to combat global warming? राष्ट्रपति जो बाइडेन ने ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से निपटने के लिए पहले कदम में किस समझौते को फिर से जोड़ दिया?

(A) International Solar Alliance

(B) Montreal Protocol

(D) Paris Agreement

(D) Paris Agreement || Trump withdrew from the agreement in 2017. January 20, 2021 :- Nearly every country in the world is part of the Paris Agreement, a landmark nonbinding accord among nations to reduce their carbon emissions.

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016.

9. Vikramashila was founded by which emperor? विक्रमशिला किस सम्राट द्वारा स्थापित की गई थी?

(A) Rana Sanga (राणा संगा)
(B) Emperor Vikramaditya (सम्राट विक्रमादित्य)
(C) Krishnadevaraya (कृष्णदेवराय)
(D) King Dharmapala (राजा धर्मपाल)

(D) King Dharmapala (राजा धर्मपाल)

10. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

(1) MERITE stands for Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education.

(2) Buying and selling goods over the internet is called internet trade. इंटरनेट पर सामान खरीदना और बेचना इंटरनेट व्यापार कहलाता है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) Both

(A) Only 1

Incorrect Statement #2 Buying and selling goods over the internet is called internet trade. इंटरनेट पर सामान खरीदना और बेचना इंटरनेट व्यापार कहलाता है।

Correct Answer :- E-commerce

(Mock TEST 11) (12 MCQs)

1. Which day is celebrated on 29th October? 29 अक्टूबर को कौन-सा दिवस मनाया जाता है?

(A) International Internet Day

(B) National Education Day

(D) World Wetlands Day

(A) International Internet Day || It was celebrated for the first time on October 29, 2005.

2. Which of the following is not associated with Taxila? इनमें से कौन तक्षशिला से नहीं जुड़े है?

(1) Charaka
(2) Kautilya
(3) Shilabhadra
(4) Chandragupta Maurya
(5) Xuan Zang
(6) Kumārabhṛta

Code :-
(A) Only 5
(B) Only (3) & (5)
(C) Only (5) & (6)
(D) (1) & (2)

(B) Only (3) Shilabhadra & (5) Xuan Zang

3. अर्थशास्त्र के प्रसिद्ध लेखक कौटिल्य ने अपनी उच्च शिक्षा कहाँ प्राप्त की थी? Where did the Kautilya famous writer of Arthashastra get his higher education?
(A) Takshashila
(B) Gurukulas
(C) Vikramshila
(D) Nalanda

(A) Takshashila

4. Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, In whose writing is it specifically described?
(A) Ovid
(B) Dharmakirti
(C) Tāranātha
(D) Mahāvīra

(C) Tāranātha || The Tibetan monk historian of the 16th–17th centuries. 16 वीं -17 वीं शताब्दी का तिब्बती भिक्षु इतिहासकार।

5. Which of the following is associated with Vikramashila? निम्नलिखित में से कौन विक्रमशिला से जुड़ा है?
(A) Mahāvīra
(B) Kautilya
(C) Dipankara
(D) Shilabhadra

(C) Atiśa Dīpankara Śrījñāna || Atiśa Dīpankara Śrījñāna was a Bengali Buddhist religious leader (एक बंगाली बौद्ध धार्मिक नेता) and master from the Indian subcontinent (भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप).

6. Mark the correct Statement/s about Education in Buddhist Era. बौद्ध युग में शिक्षा के बारे में सही कथन को चिह्नित करें।
(1) The monasteries were the centers of education during the Buddhist period. बौद्ध काल में मठ शिक्षा के केंद्र थे।
(2) Besides monasteries, there were no other organizations for imparting education. मठों के अलावा, शिक्षा प्रदान करने के लिए कोई अन्य संगठन नहीं थे।
(3) Only the Bhikshus could receive religious and other types of education. केवल भिक्षु ही धार्मिक और अन्य प्रकार की शिक्षा प्राप्त कर सकते थे।

Code :-
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 1 & 3
(C) Only 2 & 3
(D) All of These

(D) All of These ये सभी

7. The institution at _______ was reputed for imparting education in Logic and Jurisprudence. तर्क और न्यायशास्त्र में शिक्षा प्रदान करने के लिए _______ संस्थान प्रतिष्ठित था।

(A) Nalanda

(B) Valabhi

(D) Vikramshila

(D) Vikramshila विक्रमशिला

8. _______, the President of the Board of Control, had an important effect on spreading English learning and female education in India. वह कौन थे? नियंत्रण बोर्ड के अध्यक्ष थे और जिन्होंने भारत में अंग्रेजी सीखने और महिला शिक्षा पर एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव डाला?

(A) Lord Byron
(B) Lord Rippon
(C) Tsang and I- Tsing
(D) Charles Wood

(D) Charles Wood

9. The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in how many quadrants? SWAYAM पर होस्ट किए गए पाठ्यक्रम कितने भाग में हैं?

(A) Three

(B) Four

(D) Seven

(B) Four

The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants :-

(1) video lecture,

(2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed

(3) self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes and

(4) an online discussion (मंच) forum for clearing the doubts.

Steps have been taken to enrich the learning experience by using audio-video and multi-media and technology.

10. The current SWAYAM platform is developed by Ministry of Education and NPTEL, _______ with the help of Google Inc. and Persistent Systems Ltd.

(A) IIT Madras

(B) IIT Kharagpur

(D) IIT Bombay

(A) IIT Madras

11. When were the first two education policies introduced? पहले की दो शिक्षा नीतियां कब लाई गई थीं?

(A) 1968 & 1992

(B) 1986 & 1992

(D) 1986 & 1994

(C) 1968 & 1986 || On the basis of recommendations of Kothari Commission, the first National Education Policy was released in 1968. The first NPE was promulgated by the Government of India by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1968, the second by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1986, and the third by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2020. National Education Policy 2020 will replace the 34 years old National Policy on Education (NPE),1986.

1986 :- In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education. The new policy called for "special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunity," especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities. The policy expanded the open university system with the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), which had been created in 1985. 1986 education policy expected to spent 6% of GDP on education.

1992 :- The 1986 National Policy on Education was modified in 1992 by the P. V. Narasimha Rao government.

2020 :- In 2019, the Ministry of Human Resource Development released a Draft New Education Policy 2019, which was followed by a number of public consultations. 2019 में, मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय ने एक मसौदा नई शिक्षा नीति 2019 जारी की, जिसके बाद कई सार्वजनिक परामर्श हुए। On 29 July 2020, the cabinet approved a new National Education Policy with an aim to introduce several changes to the existing Indian education system.

This is the first education policy of the 21st century and replaces the thirty-four years old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986. Built on the foundational pillars (मूलभूत स्तंभ) of Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability and Accountability.

12. The three-language formula is a language learning policy first formulated in ______. त्रिभाषा सूत्र _______ में पहली बार तैयार की गई भाषा सीखने की नीति है।

(A) 1968

(B) 1986

(D) 1994

(A) 1968 || The three-language formula prescribed by the first education policy in 1968. The three-language formula is a language learning policy first formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states.

(Mock TEST 12) (13 MCQs)

1. Under the chairmanship of whom "Committee for Evolution of the New Education Policy" submitted its report in May 2016? मई 2016 में किसकी अध्यक्षता में "नई शिक्षा नीति के विकास के लिए समिति" ने अपनी रिपोर्ट प्रस्तुत की?

(A) Late Shri T.S.R. Subramanian

(B) Dr. K. Kasturirangan

(D) Venkat Chandrasekaran

(A) Late Shri T.S.R. Subramanian

The Committee for Evolution of the New Education Policy aka the TSR Subramanian Committee submitted its National Policy on Education 2016 draft to the Union HRD ministry on May 28, 2016.

(10 Recommendations of Subramanian Committee on New National Education Policy)

:- An Indian Education Service (IES) should be established.

:- The outlay on education should be raised to at least 6% of GDP without further loss of time.

:- Top 200 foreign universities should be allowed to open campuses in India.

2. _______ is an apex body for fostering a strong research culture and building research capacity across higher education. _______ एक मजबूत अनुसंधान संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देने और उच्च शिक्षा में अनुसंधान क्षमता के निर्माण के लिए एक शीर्ष निकाय है।

(A) NRF

(B) AICTE

(D) Research Foundation of India (RFI)

(A) National Research Foundation (NRF)

3. Which autonomous body was created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning, administration? सीखने, मूल्यांकन, योजना, प्रशासन को बढ़ाने के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी के उपयोग पर विचारों के मुक्त आदान-प्रदान के लिए एक मंच प्रदान करने के लिए किस स्वायत्त निकाय का निर्माण किया गया?

(A) NHERC

(B) NTLF

(D) NETF

(D) National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)

4. National Assessment Centre _______ has been created to assess the students. छात्रों का मूल्यांकन करने के लिए राष्ट्रीय मूल्यांकन केंद्र _______ बनाया गया है।

(A) UNNATI

(B) PARAKH

(D) SWAYAM

(B) PARAKH || PARAKH stands for Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development.

5. Who among the following was the Chairman of newly constituted drafting NEP 2020 in June 2017? निम्नलिखित में से कौन जून 2017 में नवगठित प्रारूपण NEP 2020 के अध्यक्ष थे?

(A) Dr. K. Kasturirangan

(B) Natarajan Chandrasekaran

(D) Vanita Goel

(A) Dr. K. Kasturirangan || A "Committee for the Draft National Education Policy" was constituted in June 2017 under the Chairmanship of eminent scientist Dr. K. Kasturirangan, which submitted the Draft National Education Policy, 2019 to the Hon’ble Human Resource Development Minister on 31 May, 2019.

6. Which year all higher education institutions (HEIs) will become multidisciplinary institutions as per NEP 2020 recommendation? किस वर्ष सभी उच्च शिक्षा संस्थान (HEI) NEP 2020 की सिफारिश के अनुसार बहु-विषयक संस्थान बन जाएंगे?

(A) By 2025

(B) By 2030

(D) By 2040

7. In Ancient India, _______ was very famous as a centre of training in Indian Military science. प्राचीन भारत में, _______ भारतीय सैन्य विज्ञान में प्रशिक्षण केंद्र के रूप में बहुत प्रसिद्ध था।

(A) Odantapuri

(B) Vikramshila

(D) Taxila

8. Which of the following has been started by International Solar Alliance (ISA)? इनमें से किसकी शुरुआत अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन द्वारा की गई है?

(A) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Solar Award
(B) C. V. Raman Solar Award
(C) Kalpana Chawla Solar Award
(D) Vikram Sarabhai Solar Award

(C) ISA Haryana Kalpana Chawla Solar Award

Kalpana Chawla Haryana Solar Award (Haryana)

:- The state of Haryana sanctioned a fund of INR 10 crores for instituting the solar award. हरियाणा राज्य ने सौर पुरस्कार की स्थापना के लिए INR 10 करोड़ के कोष को मंजूरी दी।

:- The solar award has been instituted for scientists from ISA member countries working in the field of solar energy.

9. Which is the most effective method of disposal of hospital waste (Medical Waste)? अस्पताल के कचरे (चिकित्सकीय अपशिष्ट) के निपटान का सबसे प्रभावी तरीका कौन-सा है?

(A) Autoclaving

(B) Incineration

(D) Landfill

(B) Incineration (भस्मीकरण) || The most reliable and commonly used treatment process for health-care waste is pyrolytic incineration, also called controlled air incineration or double-chamber incineration.

10. Which of the following is India's first national park? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा भारत का पहला राष्ट्रीय उद्यान है?

(A) Sanjay Gandhi National Park
(B) Bandipur National Park
(C) Hailey National Park
(D) Kaziranga National Park

(C) Hailey National Park || India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.

11. When was the Wildlife Protection Act enacted? वन्यजीव संरक्षण अधिनियम कब लागू किया गया था? It is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and animal species. यह पौधों और जानवरों की प्रजातियों के संरक्षण के लिए अधिनियमित भारत की संसद का एक अधिनियम है।
(A) 1968
(B) 1972
(C) 1982
(D) 1986

(B) 9 September 1972 (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972)

12. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act was enacted by the Government in _______. सरकार द्वारा वायु (प्रदूषण निवारण और नियंत्रण) अधिनियम _______ में लागू किया गया था।
(A) 1972
(B) 1976
(C) 1981
(D) 1986

(C) 1981 || The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 an Act of the Parliament of India to control and prevent air pollution in India. It was amended (संशोधित) in 1987.

13. World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5 to mark the anniversary of the _______ on environment on this day in 1972. 1972 में इस दिन पर्यावरण पर _______ की वर्षगांठ को चिह्नित करने के लिए 5 जून को विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस मनाया जाता है।
(A) Montreal Protocol
(B) Bhopal gas tragedy
(C) Ramsar Convention
(D) Stockholm Conference

(D) Stockholm Conference || World Environment Day (WED) was established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. Two years later, in 1974 the first WED was held with the theme "Only One Earth".

The theme of World Environment Day 2021 is "Ecosystem Restoration".

(Mock TEST 13) (12 MCQs)

1. The University Grants Commission Act, 1956 prohibits the use of which word under Section 23? विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग अधिनियम, 1956 धारा 23 के तहत किस शब्द के उपयोग पर प्रतिबंध लगाता है?

(A) College

(B) Commission

(D) Institution

Prohibition of the use of the word “University” in certain cases :- The University Grants Commission Act, 1956 under Section 22(1) provides that a degree can be awarded, only by a University established under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act or an institution deemed to be a University under section 3 or an institution specially empowered by an Act of Parliament to confer or grant degrees.

It shall be punishable with fine.

3. Where was the first Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP1) was held? क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल (MOP1) के लिए पार्टियों की पहली बैठक कहाँ आयोजित की गई थी?

(A) New Delhi, India

(B) Bonn, Germany

(D) Geneva, Switzerland

(C) Montreal, Canada || The first Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP1) was held in Montreal from 28 November to 9 December 2005, along with the 11th conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP11). It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever. यह जलवायु परिवर्तन पर अब तक के सबसे बड़े अंतर सरकारी सम्मेलनों में से एक था।

4. When did the Kyoto Protocol first commitment period started? क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल की पहली प्रतिबद्धता अवधि कब शुरू हुई थी?

(A) 2008
(B) 2010
(C) 2011
(D) 2012

(A) 2008 || The Kyoto Protocol first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.

5. According to the Kyoto Protocol, Which is the most important anthropogenic GHG (greenhouse gas)? क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल के अनुसार, सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मानवजनित ग्रीनहाउस गैस कौन-सा है?

(A) Ozone (O3)
(B) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
(C) Methane (CH4)
(D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)

(B) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

6. In 2016, which International agreement/effort/treaty was signed on the day of Earth Day? 2016 में, पृथ्वी दिवस के दिन कौन-सा समझौता/प्रयास/संधि पर हस्ताक्षर किया गया था?

(A) Montreal Protocol
(B) Kyoto Protocol
(C) Rio Summit (रियो शिखर सम्मेलन)
(D) Paris Agreement (पेरिस समझौता)

(D) Paris Agreement (पेरिस समझौता) || (Signed :- 22 April 2016) (Effective :- 4 November 2016)

Earth Day continues to hold major international significance :- In 2016, the United Nations chose Earth Day as the day when the historic Paris Agreement on climate change was signed into force. Earth Day is April 22 of every year. April 22, 2020 will mark 50 years of Earth Day. The theme for Earth Day 2020 is climate action (जलवायु कार्रवाई). The first Earth Day was held on April 22, 1970. पृथ्वी दिवस प्रमुख अंतरराष्ट्रीय महत्व रखता है : 2016 में, संयुक्त राष्ट्र ने पृथ्वी दिवस को उस दिन के रूप में चुना जब जलवायु परिवर्तन पर ऐतिहासिक पेरिस समझौते को लागू किया गया था। हर साल 22 अप्रैल को पृथ्वी दिवस होता है। 22 अप्रैल, 2020 पृथ्वी दिवस के 50 वर्षों को चिह्नित करेगा। पृथ्वी दिवस 2020 के लिए विषय जलवायु कार्रवाई है। पहला पृथ्वी दिवस 22 अप्रैल, 1970 को आयोजित किया गया था।

Earth Day 2021 Theme :- Restore Our Earth

7. What year did the Chernobyl disaster occur? चेरनोबिल आपदा किस वर्ष हुई थी?

(A) 1984

(B) 1985

(D) 1987

Q. Where did the Chernobyl disaster happen? चेरनोबिल आपदा कहाँ पर हुआ था?

Pripyat (City in northern Ukraine) || At the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The Chernobyl disaster is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, both in terms of cost and casualties. चेरनोबिल आपदा को लागत और हताहतों के मामले में इतिहास में सबसे खराब परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र दुर्घटना माना जाता है।

According to the International Nuclear Event Scale, there are two worst nuclear disasters in history. Second :- 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan.

8. What is the approximate MW capacity of geothermal energy in India? भारत में भूतापीय ऊर्जा की अनुमानित क्षमता लगभग कितना मेगावाट है?

(A) 2,500 MW

(B) 5,000 MW

(D) 20, 000 MW

Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth. भूतापीय ऊर्जा पृथ्वी की प्राकृतिक ऊष्मा है।

9. The first institute to be granted deemed university status was _______, which was granted this status on 12 May 1958.

(A) IIT Madras

(B) University of Delhi

(D) Indian Institute of Science

10. (OTT) Full Form?

(A) one-time-top

(B) over-the-time

(D) online-the-time

(C) over-the-top || An over-the-top (OTT) media service is a streaming media service offered directly to viewers via the Internet.

11. National Testing Agency (NTA) was established in _______. NTA की स्थापना कब हुई थी?

(A) 2015

(B) 2016

(D) 2018

(C) 2017 || National Testing Agency (NTA) is an Indian government agency that has been approved by the Union Council of Ministers and established in November 2017 to conduct entrance examinations for higher educational institutions. The government appointed Vineet Joshi as the first Director-General of the agency. Vineet Joshi is currently the Director General of National Testing Agency (NTA).

12. The University Grants Commission (UGC) provides financial assistance to eligible colleges which are included under Section _______. विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (UGC) योग्य कॉलेजों को वित्तीय सहायता प्रदान करता है जो धारा _______ के अंतर्गत शामिल हैं।

(A) Section 19(a)

(B) Section 21

(D) Section 2(f)

(D) Section 2(f) || The University Grants Commission (UGC) provides financial assistance to eligible colleges which are included under Section 2(f) and declared fit to receive central assistance (UGC grant) under Section 12 (B) of UGC Act.

(Mock Test 14) (8 MCQs)

1. Institutions of higher education which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities under Section _______ of the UGC Act, 1956. उच्च शिक्षा के संस्थान जिन्हें यूजीसी अधिनियम, 1956 की किस धारा के तहत डीम्ड घोषित किया गया है?

(A) Section 23(f)

(B) Section 1(a)

(D) Section 21

2. Which bodies will be merged to form the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)? किन निकायों को भारत के उच्चतर शिक्षा आयोग बनाने के लिए विलय कर दिया जाएगा?

(1) UGC

(2) AICTE

(3) NCTE

(4) MCI

(5) NHRC

Code :-

(A) 2-3-5

(B) 1-2-5

(D) 1-2-3

(Incorrect)

(4) Medical Council of India (MCI)

(5) National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

The University Grants Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and the National Council for Teachers Education (NCTE) will be merged to form the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) under new NEP 2020. All forms of education apart from legal and medical education will be under the HECI. Presently, there are three regulatory bodies that manage the functioning of various higher educational institutes. The UGC is responsible for the functioning of the universities while AICTE approval is mandatory for technical institutions and NCTE is responsible for all teaching courses and curriculum in the country.

UGC :- UGC provides recognition to universities in India, and disbursement (the payment of money from a fund) of funds to such recognized universities and colleges. यूजीसी भारत में विश्वविद्यालयों को मान्यता प्रदान करता है, और ऐसे मान्यता प्राप्त विश्वविद्यालयों और कॉलेजों को धन का वितरण करता है। The headquarters are in New Delhi, and it has six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore.

Chairman :- Prof. Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar

AICTE :- All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is for technical education and management education system in India, under the Department of Higher Education.

Formation :- November 1945

Headquarters :- New Delhi

Chairman :- Anil Sahasrabudhe

National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) :- To regulate and properly maintain the Norms and Standards in the teacher education system.

Formation :- 1995

Headquarters :- New Delhi

3. Sargeant Report recommended the formation of a University Grants Committee, which was constituted in the year 1945 to monitor the work of three Central Universities of the country. सार्जेंट रिपोर्ट ने विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान समिति के गठन की सिफारिश की, जिसका गठन वर्ष 1945 में देश के तीन केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालयों के काम की निगरानी के लिए किया गया था। Mark the Incorrect University.

(A) University of Bombay

(B) University of Aligarh

(D) University of Delhi

(A) University of Bombay || The UGC was first formed in 1945 to oversee the work of the three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and Delhi. Its responsibility was extended in 1947 to cover all Indian universities.

4. When did the government decide that all grants to universities and higher educational institutions should be handled by the UGC? कब सरकार ने निर्णय लिया कि विश्वविद्यालयों और उच्च शिक्षण संस्थानों को सभी अनुदान यूजीसी द्वारा संभाला जाना चाहिए?

(A) 1948

(B) 1952

(D) 1958

(B) 1952 || In 1952 the government decided that all grants to universities and higher learning institutions should be handled by the UGC. Consequently, the University Grants Commission (UGC) was formally inaugurated by late Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then Minister of Education, Natural Resources and Scientific Research on 28 December 1953.

5. In _______ the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament. _______ में भारतीय संसद द्वारा "विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग अधिनियम, 1956" के पारित होने पर यूजीसी एक क़ानूनी निकाय बन गया।

(A) July 1954

(B) November 1956

(D) December 1958

(B) November 1956

6. In whose recommendation, universities have been established in big cities like Bombay, Calcutta and Madras on the model of the University of London? किसकी सिफारिश में लंदन विश्वविद्यालय के मॉडल पर विश्वविद्यालयों को बॉम्बे, कलकत्ता और मद्रास जैसे बड़े शहरों में स्थापित किया गया है?

(A) Lord Dalhousie

(B) Lord William Bentinck

(D) Sir Charles Wood

7. According to which of these, English was made the medium of instruction for higher studies? इनमें से किसके अनुसार उच्च अध्ययन के लिए अंग्रेजी को शिक्षा का माध्यम बनाया गया था?

(A) Hunter Commission

(B) Sargeant Report

(D) Wood's despatch

(D) Wood's despatch || Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control, had an important effect on spreading English learning and female education in India. When in 1854 he sent a dispatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India, Wood suggested that primary schools must adopt vernacular languages, high schools must adopt Anglo-vernacular language and at college-level English should be the medium of education. This is known as Wood's despatch. Hence, the Wood’s Despatch is considered as Magna-Carta of English Education in India. Vocational and women's education were also stressed upon. व्यावसायिक और महिला शिक्षा पर भी जोर दिया गया।

Anglo vernacular :- using both English and a local vernacular - used especially of schools in India, Burma, and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) during the period of British rule.

After Wood's despatch, several measures were taken by East India Company (Impact of Wood’s Despatch) :-

(1) Setting up new institutions like the University of Calcutta, the University of Bombay and the University of Madras in 1857 as well as the University of the Punjab in 1882 and the University of Allahabad in 1887.

(2) In all provinces, education departments were set up.

Q. When was the Wood’s despatch introduced?

(1854)

Q. What was the motive of Wood’s Despatch?

To spread education in India

Q. Was Wood’s Despatch against vernacular languages?

No, it in fact promoted vernacular languages (स्थानीय भाषा)

Q. Did Wood’s Despatch deny women the right to education?

No, it promoted women education at all levels

Q. Which universities were set up following Wood’s Despatch?

Calcutta, Bombay and Madras Universities

Q. Who declared the 1854 Education Policy?

Charles Wood

8. Who established Sanskrit College at Banaras? बनारस में संस्कृत महाविद्यालय की स्थापना किसने की?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Thomas Babington Macaulay

(D) Jonathan Duncan

(D) Jonathan Duncan || In 1791, a Sanskrit College was started in Varanasi by Jonathan Duncan for the study of Hindu philosophy and laws.

(Mock TEST 15) (12 MCQs)

1. The Government of India appointed a university Education Commission under the chairmanship of _______ in November 1948. भारत सरकार ने नवंबर 1948 में किसकी अध्यक्षता में विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा आयोग की नियुक्ति की?

(A) Rajendra Prasad

(B) Rajendra Prasad

(D) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

2. _______ established the Calcutta Madrassa in 1781 for the teaching of Muslim law. किसने मुस्लिम कानून की शिक्षा के लिए 1781 में कलकत्ता मदरसा की स्थापना की?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Thomas Babington Macaulay

(D) Jonathan Duncan

(A) Warren Hastings

3. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Teacher & Learner Centered Learning Focus is on both students and instructor. शिक्षक और शिक्षार्थी केंद्रित शिक्षण दोनों छात्रों और प्रशिक्षक पर केंद्रित है।

(2) Teacher-Centered Learning Instructor monitors and corrects every student utterance. शिक्षक-केंद्रित शिक्षण प्रशिक्षक प्रत्येक छात्र के कथन की निगरानी और सुधार करता है।

Code :-

(A) Both

(B) Only 1

(D) None

(C) Only 2 || Statement #2 is Correct :- Teacher-Centered Learning Instructor monitors and corrects every student utterance. शिक्षक-केंद्रित शिक्षण प्रशिक्षक प्रत्येक छात्र के कथन की निगरानी और सुधार करता है।

Learner-Centered Learning Students talk without constant instructor monitoring; instructor provides feedback/correction when questions arise. शिक्षार्थी केंद्रित शिक्षण छात्रों को निरंतर प्रशिक्षक निगरानी के बिना बात करते हैं; प्रश्न आने पर प्रशिक्षक प्रतिक्रिया / सुधार प्रदान करता है।

Statement #1 is Wrong :- Teacher & Learner Centered Learning Focus is on both students and instructor. शिक्षक और शिक्षार्थी केंद्रित शिक्षण दोनों छात्रों और प्रशिक्षक पर केंद्रित है।

Teacher-Centered Learning Focus is on instructor. शिक्षक-केंद्रित शिक्षण में प्रशिक्षक पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया है। Learner-Centered Learning Focus is on both students and instructor. शिक्षार्थी केंद्रित शिक्षण में छात्रों और प्रशिक्षकों दोनों पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया गया है।

4. In which year India became the signatory country of Montreal Protocol? भारत मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल का हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देश किस वर्ष में बना?

(A) 1989

(B) 1990

(D) 1994

(C) 1992 || The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer (ओजोन परत). Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16th September 1987 & Entered into force on 1st January 1989. The theme of World Ozone Day 2020 is Ozone for life :- 35 years of ozone layer protection. It is observed on 16 September annually.

The theme for 2021 for International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is 'Montreal Protocol -'Keeping us, our food and vaccines cool.

5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by _______.

(A) Air pollution (वायु प्रदूषण)

(B) Water pollution (जल प्रदूषण)

(D) Climate change (जलवायु परिवर्तन)

(A) Air pollution (वायु प्रदूषण)

Causes :- Tobacco smoking, air pollution (तम्बाकू धूम्रपान, वायु प्रदूषण)

Other name :- Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary emphysema.

Poorly ventilated cooking fires, often fueled by coal or biomass fuels such as wood and dung, lead to indoor air pollution and are one of the most common causes of COPD in developing countries.

6. _______ is used to discover student problems, difficulties or deficiencies in a course. _______ का उपयोग पाठ्यक्रम में छात्र की समस्याओं, कठिनाइयों या कमियों की खोज करने के लिए किया जाता है।

(A) Diagnostic Test

(B) Benchmark Test

(D) Formative Test

(A) Diagnostic Test

7. _______ testing is used to check whether students have mastered a unit of content. किस परीक्षण का उपयोग यह जांचने के लिए किया जाता है कि छात्रों को सामग्री की एक इकाई में महारत हासिल है या नहीं।

(A) Diagnostic Testing

(B) Benchmark Testing

(D) Formative Testing

(B) Benchmark Testing

8. _______ tests help teachers and parents monitor the progress a student is making on a daily basis. कौन-सा परीक्षण शिक्षकों और माता-पिता को दैनिक आधार पर एक छात्र द्वारा की जा रही प्रगति की निगरानी करने में मदद करते हैं?

(A) Diagnostic Tests
(B) Benchmark Tests
(C) Summative Tests
(D) Formative Tests

(D) Formative Tests

9. Which of the college in India was set up by Lord Wellesley for the training of the civil servants of the company in vernacular languages? भारत के किस कॉलेज की स्थापना लॉर्ड वेलेजली ने कंपनी के सिविल सेवकों को स्थानीय भाषाओं में प्रशिक्षण के लिए की थी?

(A) East Indian College
(B) Punjab National College
(C) Fort William College
(D) Sanskrit College

10. ________ was one of the largest Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. _______ सबसे बड़े बौद्ध विश्वविद्यालयों में से एक था, जिसमें सौ से अधिक शिक्षक और लगभग एक हजार छात्र थे।

(A) Taxila

(B) Nalanda

(D) Vikramshila

11. Which was the world’s first university to have residential quarters for both students and teachers? छात्रों और शिक्षकों दोनों के लिए आवासीय निवास रखने वाला विश्व का पहला विश्वविद्यालय कौन-सा था?

(A) Valabhi

(B) Vikramshila

(D) Nalanda

12. Which of the following is not included in the Institute of National Importance (INI)? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा राष्ट्रीय महत्व के संस्थान (INI) में शामिल नहीं है?

(A) National Institutes of Technology (NIT)

(B) Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)

(D) NIPER & AIIMS

(C) Medical Council of India || The Institute of National Importance (INI) are those academic institutes that play a vital role in the science and education field. Institutes of National Importance receive special recognition and funding from the Government of India. INIs are designated by the act of Parliament of India. These INIs include :- All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), National Institutes of Technology (NIT), Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIIT), Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPA), National Institutes of Design (NID), Indian Institutes of Management (IIM).

Institute of National Importance Benefits :-

There are many benefits to getting the admission in INIs : -

(1) They improve the standard, research, and quality of education in India.

(2) Many career opportunities with good salary packages.

(3) They provide scholarships for students.

(4) Provide many sports facilities, outdoor games, technical seminars, etc.

(5) There is no interference from the political executive.

(Mock TEST 16) (8 MCQs)

1. Who is the Chancellor of the Universities of a State or a Union Territory in India? भारत में किसी राज्य या केंद्र शासित प्रदेश के विश्वविद्यालयों के कुलाधिपति कौन हैं?

(A) Chief Minister

(B) Governor

(D) President

(B) Governor || The Governor appoints the Vice Chancellor on the advice/ in consultation with the State Government. Chancellor also appoints his/her nominees on various bodies like Senate, Syndicate, Board of Management, Selection Committee and Academic Council of the State Universities.

2. According to THE CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES ACT, 2009, Which of the following will be the visitor of the university? केन्द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय अधिनियम, 2009, इनमें से कौन-सा विश्वविद्यालय का परिदर्शक होगा?

(A) President of India

(B) Vice-President of India

(D) Prime Minister of India

(A) President of India || The Visitor may, from time to time, appoint one or more persons to review the work and progress of the University.

Example of Delhi University :- The President of India is the Visitor, the Vice-President of India is the Chancellor and the Chief Justice of India is the Pro-Chancellor of the University. The Court, the Executive Council, the Academic Council and the Finance Committee are the administrative authorities of the University. The University Court is the supreme authority of the University and has the power to review the acts of the Executive Council and the Academic Council. The Executive Council is the highest executive body of the University. The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the University and is responsible for the maintenance of education and examination within the university. It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters. The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.

3. When & where was the first UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP) took place?

(A) 1996 in Marrakech, Morocco

(B) 1995 in Kyoto, Japan

(D) 1995 in Berlin, Germany

(D) 1995 in Berlin, Germany || The first UNFCCC Conference of the Parties took place from 28 March to 7 April 1995 in Berlin, Germany.

4. Which of these Convention is associated with hazardous waste? इनमें से कौन-सा सम्मेलन खतरनाक अपशिष्ट से जुड़ा है?

(A) Stockholm Convention

(B) Bonn Convention

(D) COP24

(C) Basel Convention || Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations. The convention was opened for signature on 21 March 1989, and entered into force on 5 May 1992. The Basel Convention aims to protect the environment by bringing measures to control hazardous and other waste disposals.

Basel Convention (Wastes)/Examples of Hazardous Waste :- Pesticides and other garden chemicals, paint thinners, batteries, cleaners, Biomedical (organs and body parts, needles, syringes, broken glass) and healthcare wastes etc.

Q. Is India member of Basel Convention?

Yes, India is a member of the Basel Convention. It ratified the convention in June 1992 and brought it into force on 22nd September 1992.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOEF&CC) introduced Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules of 2016.

5. Which of the following is the correct chronology? निम्न में से कौन-सा सही कालक्रम है?

(1) Kyoto Protocol

(2) Montreal Protocol

(3) UNFCCC

(4) Paris Agreement

(5) Minamata Convention

Code :-

(A) 1-3-5-2-4

(B) 2-3-1-4-3

(D) 2-3-1-5-4

(2) Montreal Protocol (1987)

(3) UNFCCC (1992)

(1) Kyoto Protocol (1997)

(5) Minamata Convention (2013)

(4) Paris Agreement (2016)

Montreal Protocol

:- The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, also known simply as the Montreal Protocol, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer.

:- Signed 26 August 1987 & entered into force on 26 August 1989.

Q. Has India signed the Montreal Protocol?

India became a signatory to the Montreal Protocol in 1992.

Montreal Protocol has since undergone nine revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), 1998 (Australia), 1999 (Beijing) and 2016 (Kigali).

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

:- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty addressing climate change.

Aim :- Control of emission of Green House Gases (GHGs) that cause global warming

The Convention was adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature on 4 June 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (known by its popular title, the Earth Summit).

Effective :- 21 March 1994

:- The first global conference on climate change was held in 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Q. How Many Signatory Parties are there of the Agreement?

As of 2020, the UNFCCC has 197 signatory parties.

Q. Is India a Signatory?

Yes, but ratified it in 1993.

:- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the UNFCCC. Another important agreement within the UNFCCC is the Paris Agreement (COP 21) which aims to reduce and mitigate GHG emissions.

:- There are a total of 25 COPs to UNFCCC that have met since 1994.

UNFCCC COP1 :- 1995, Berlin, Germany

UNFCCC COP26 :- 2021, Glasgow under the presidency of the United Kingdom.

2022 :- The COP 27 will take place in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.

2023 :- COP 28 will take place in the United Arab Emirates.

Kyoto Protocol

:- It is an international protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

:- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

:- The Kyoto Protocol applied to the seven greenhouse gases listed in Annex A :- carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).

First commitment period :- 2008–2012

Second commitment period :- 2012–2020

Minamata Convention on Mercury

:- The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury.

:- The Convention was signed in 2013 and entered into force in 2017.

:- India is a party to the Minamata Convention and ratified it in 2018. 93rd Party to the Minamata Convention.

:- The first meeting of the COP to the Convention was held in Geneva in 2017.

:- Mercury is a naturally-occurring heavy metal that is found in air, soil, and water.

:- According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mercury is one of the top ten chemicals of major public health concern.

:- Mercury is released into the atmosphere through natural processes such as weathering of rocks, volcanic eruptions, geothermal activities, forest fires, etc. Apart from these natural processes, mercury is also released through human activities.

Paris Agreement

:- The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), on climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance, signed in 2016.

:- As of November 2021, 193 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement.

6. What is Kigali Amendment?

(A) Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol

(B) Amendment to the Paris Agreement

(D) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol

(D) It is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. (यह मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल में संशोधन है।)

7. As of February 2022 there are _____ recognized Ramsar sites in India. फरवरी 2022 तक भारत में कितने मान्यता प्राप्त रामसर स्थल हैं?

(A) 46

(B) 38

(D) 52

(A) 16th September

(B) 22nd May

(D) 5th June

(B) 22nd May

Theme 2021 :- We're part of the solution

(Mock TEST 17) (12 MCQs)

1. What is the theme of World Wetlands Day celebration for year 2022? वर्ष 2022 के लिए विश्व आर्द्रभूमि दिवस समारोह का विषय क्या है?

(A) Wetlands Action for People and Nature

(B) Wetlands and water

(D) Wetlands and Biodiversity

(A) Wetlands Action for People and Nature

World Wetlands Day 2022 theme is "Wetlands Action for People and Nature".

2021 :- Wetlands and water आर्द्रभूमि और जल

World Wetlands Day :- 2nd February

2. How many sections and chapters are there in the Environmental Protection Act (1986)? पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम (1986) में कितने खंड और अध्याय हैं?

(A) 24 sections and 6 chapters

(B) 18 sections and 4 chapters

(D) 22 sections and 8 chapters

(A) Convention on Biological Diversity

(B) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

(D) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

4. When did Earth Summit take place? पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन कब हुआ?

(1) 1992

(2) 2012

(3) 2002

(4) 2014

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) 1-3-4

(D) 3-4-1

(A) 1-2-3

5. Mark the correct statement/s.

(1) Raymond Samuel Tomlinson is the father of email.

(2) Paul Buchheit created Gmail.

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) Only 1

(D) None

Gmail is a free email service provided by Google.

6. Which of the following is not a type of broadband internet connection? निम्नलिखित में से कौन ब्रॉडबैंड इंटरनेट कनेक्शन का एक प्रकार नहीं है?

(A) Satellite

(B) DSL

(D) Cable

(C) Dial up || Broadband includes several high-speed transmission technologies such as :- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable Modem, Fiber, Wireless, Satellite, Broadband over Powerlines (BPL). The term broadband internet connection refers to an internet connection with a high data transfer rate.

7. Which of the following domains is used by profit business?

(A) .edu

(B) .org

(D) .net

8. What kind of website is the Intranet?

(A) Public - everyone with Internet access can see it

(B) Internal - only people within the company can see it

(D) Secure - you need a special password to see it

(B) Internal - only people within the company can see it || An intranet site is an internal website (or portal) that helps employees stay up-to-date with their company. An example of an intranet is a website that is exclusively used by an airline company to deliver updates and information to its workforce.

9. Paris Agreement is the successor of _______.

(A) Stockholm Convention

(B) Vienna Convention

(D) Kyoto Protocol

Q. Who have signed the UNFCCC?

Kyoto Protocol & Paris Agreement

10. Which college was converted to the University of Roorkee in 1948 and upgraded to the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee in 2001? किस कॉलेज को 1948 में रुड़की विश्वविद्यालय में बदल दिया गया और 2001 में भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, रुड़की में अपग्रेड किया गया?

(A) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

(B) National Institute of Technology, (NIT) Patna

(D) Thomason College of Civil Engineering

(D) Thomason College of Civil Engineering || The first engineering college was established in Uttarakhand at Roorkee in the year 1847 for the training of Civil Engineers. Thomason College of Civil Engineering as it was called. The college was converted to the University of Roorkee in 1948 and upgraded to the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee in 2001. This college has a long history and is the oldest engineering college in the history of India. It was established in the year 1847 by Lord Dalhousie. It became the 7th IIT of India in the year 2001.

11. Mark the correct code about HDMI.

(1) for transferring both high definition audio and video over a single cable.

(2) HDMI stands for High Definition Memory Interface.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(A) Only 1 || HDMI stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface and is the most frequently used HD signal for transferring both high definition audio and video over a single cable.

12. Which is the most common protocol used for sending emails? ईमेल भेजने के लिए सबसे आम प्रोटोकॉल कौन-सा है?

(1) HTTP

(2) FTP

(3) SMTP

(4) POP

(5) IMAP

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 2-3-4-5

(D) 2-3-4

(Mock TEST 18) (15 MCQs)

1. A half byte is known as _______.

(A) Nibble

(B) Bit

(D) KB

(A) Nibble

Byte :- A group of 8 bits is called byte.

Nibble :- A group of 4 bits is called nibble.

2. At first, ARPANET was intended to support the _______ on computer networks. सबसे पहले, ARPANET का उद्देश्य कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क पर _______ का समर्थन करना था।

(A) military research

(B) educational research

(D) scientific research

(A) military research (सैन्य अनुसंधान)

ARPANET was the first network in the history of Internet. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

3. The first Earth Day was held on 22nd April in _______. पहला पृथ्वी दिवस 22 अप्रैल को _______ में आयोजित किया गया।

(A) 1997

(B) 1963

(D) 1985

Earth Day is an annual global event, observed on April 22, that celebrates the environmental movement and raises awareness about pollution and ways to maintain a clean habitat.

The Earth Day 2021 theme is Restore Our Earth.

The Earth Day 2022 Theme is Invest In Our Planet.

4. Which among the following options is the line that describes the contents of the message while sending an e-mail? निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से कौन सी वह पंक्ति है जो ई-मेल भेजते समय संदेश की सामग्री का वर्णन करती है?

(a) to

(B) Blind carbon copy (BCC)

(D) Subject

5. The address of a website is also known as?

(A) WWW

(B) URL

(D) HTML

(B) URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

6. A local or restricted communications network created for private network is known as _______. निजी नेटवर्क के लिए बनाया गया एक स्थानीय या प्रतिबंधित संचार नेटवर्क _______ के रूप में जाना जाता है।

(A) Internet

(B) Telnet

(D) Intranet

(D) Intranet (इंट्रानेट)

An intranet can be defined as a private network used by an organization. The prefix "intra" means "internal" and therefore implies an intranet is designed for internal communications. "Inter" (as in Internet) means "between" or "among."

7. Which of the following term means to restart a PC? निम्नलिखित में से किस शब्द का अर्थ पीसी को पुनरारंभ करना है?

(A) shoot

(B) bounce

(D) punch

(B) bounce

The term "bounce" can also describe the process of rebooting or restarting a computer.

Bounce e-mail (sometimes referred to as bounce mail) is electronic mail that is returned to the sender because it cannot be delivered for some reason.

8. DKIM is used for authentication in _______. DKIM का उपयोग _______ में प्रमाणीकरण के लिए किया जाता है।

(A) social networking sites

(B) e-mails

(D) payments systems

(B) e-mails || DomainKeys Identified Mail, or DKIM, is a technical standard that helps protect email senders and recipients from spam, spoofing, and phishing.

9. _______ means to start up a computer that is turned off. _______ का मतलब है ऐसा कंप्यूटर चालू करना जो बंद हो।

(A) Warm boot

(B) Cold boot

(D) Hot boot

(B) Cold boot || (also called a "hard boot")

10. _______ is the delivery of different services through the Internet, including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. _______ इंटरनेट के माध्यम से डेटा भंडारण, सर्वर, डेटाबेस, नेटवर्किंग और सॉफ्टवेयर सहित विभिन्न सेवाओं की डिलीवरी है।

(A) Angular computing

(B) Cloud computing

(D) Virtual computing

(B) Cloud computing || In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of your computer's hard drive. Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet.

Some of the most popular cloud storage providers are Apple (iCloud), Amazon (Amazon Web Services), Dropbox, and Google (Google Drive).

11. Which of the following has the highest storage capacity? निम्नलिखित में से किसकी भंडारण क्षमता सबसे अधिक है?

(A) CD

(B) DVD

(D) Floppy Disk

12. _______ is an episodic series of spoken word digital audio files that a user can download to a personal device for easy listening. _______ बोले गए शब्द डिजिटल ऑडियो फ़ाइलों की एक एपिसोडिक श्रृंखला है जिसे एक उपयोगकर्ता आसानी से सुनने के लिए एक व्यक्तिगत डिवाइस पर डाउनलोड कर सकता है।

(A) Streaming

(B) Podcast

(D) iPod

(B) Podcast

13. FLOPS are typically used to measure the performance of a computer’s processor. What does F stand for in FLOPS? FLOPS का उपयोग आमतौर पर कंप्यूटर के प्रोसेसर के प्रदर्शन को मापने के लिए किया जाता है। FLOPS में F क्या है?

(A) Frequency

(B) File

(D) Filter

14. Donationware refers to?

(A) virus attack that forces the user to make donation

(B) software that is free to use, but encourages users to make a donation to the developer

(D) a commercial software that is free to use

(B) Donationware is software that is free to use, but encourages users to make a donation to the developer.

15. What does PHP stands for?

(A) Programmable Hypertext Processor

(B) Programming of Hypertext Preprocessor

(D) Programme and Hypertext Processor

(C) Hypertext Preprocessor || PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially suited to web development. It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.

(Mock TEST 19) (6 MCQs)

1. Which one of the following was the first initiative on University education after independence? निम्नलिखित में से कौन स्वतंत्रता के बाद विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा पर पहली पहल थी?

(A) Radhakrishna Commission

(B) Kothari Commission

(D) National Knowledge Commission

(A) Radhakrishnan Commission (1948–1949)

:- This was the first education commission post-independence that was commissioned in 1948.

:- It was commissioned under the able leadership of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhekrishnan.

:- Radhakrishnan Commission is also known as University Education Commission.

:- It suggested the integration of secondary education and higher education by setting up UGC. इसने यूजीसी की स्थापना कर माध्यमिक शिक्षा और उच्च शिक्षा के एकीकरण का सुझाव दिया।

:- It was set up to inquire into the requirements of higher education in India. यह भारत में उच्च शिक्षा की आवश्यकताओं की जांच करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया था।

:- This commission was formed mainly to address the issues faced by the colleges and universities.

:- National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was constituted in June 2005 by Former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, under the Chairmanship of Mr. Sam Pitroda, to prepare a blueprint for reform of our knowledge-related institutions and infrastructure.

:- The Kothari Commission (1964-66) was set up under the Chairmanship of Dr. D. S. Kothari to formulate a coherent education policy for India.

2. Who has launched the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP)? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शिक्षा कार्यक्रम (IEEP) किसने शुरू किया है?

(A) UNESCO

(B) UNO

(D) UNICEF

(A) UNESCO

:- IEEP came into existence in the year 1975.

3. _______ is also referred to as critical/judgmental listening. _______ को आलोचनात्मक/निर्णयात्मक श्रवण भी कहा जाता है।

(A) Discriminative listening

(B) Biased listening

(D) Appreciative listening

Q. What is critical listening with examples?

For example, if there is an upcoming election and you need to decide who to vote for, you probably use some form of critical listening when you watch a televised debate. You listen, AND you evaluate.

Judgmental listening also occurs when the listener is only listening to the speaker in order to determine whether he or she is right or wrong, rather than listening to understand the speaker's ideas and where they come from.

Evaluative Listening is a type of listening where people make a judgement about the speaker and what he/she is trying to say.

4. Which of the following modes of admission was prevalent in Nalanda University in ancient times? नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय में प्राचीन काल में प्रवेश की निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी विधि प्रचलित थी?

(A) Entrance Examination

(B) Interview

(D) Peer Discussion

(A) Entrance Examination

5. When was the Ministry of Education renamed as Ministry of Human Resource Development? कब शिक्षा मंत्रालय का नाम बदलकर मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय किया गया था?

(A) 1980

(B) 1985

(D) 1994

(B) 1985

The Ministry of Education (MoE), formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development (1985–2020), is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The Ministry is further divided into two departments :- the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India had the Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and with the public announcement of newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to Ministry of Education.

The new National Education Policy 2020 was passed on 29 July 2020 by the Union Council of Ministers. The NEP 2020 replaced the existing National Policy on Education, 1986. Under the NEP 2020, the name of the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD) was changed to Ministry of Education (MoE).

6. What is the name of the highest body in India that advises the Central and State Governments in the field of education? भारत में सर्वोच्च निकाय का क्या नाम है जो शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों को सलाह देता है?

(A) National Knowledge Commission

(B) National Commission for Higher Education and Research

(D) Both (A) and (B)

The Central Advisory Board of Education, the oldest and the most important advisory body of the Government of India in education was first established in 1920 and dissolved in 1923. It was revived in 1935 and has been in existence ever since.

:- Its main function is to advise Central and State Govt. in the field of education.

(Mock TEST 20) (8 MCQs)

1. What is the aim of UGC-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP?

(A) Address the shortage of faculty in the higher education institution

(B) Upgrade the teaching skills of the faculty

(D) Strengthen the academia-industry linkage

(A) Address the shortage of faculty in the higher education institution उच्च शिक्षा संस्थान में संकाय की कमी का समाधान

University Grants Commission (UGC) :- It came into existence on 28th December 1953 and became a statutory Organization of the Government of India by an Act of Parliament in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance (समन्वय, निर्धारण और रखरखाव) of standards of teaching, examination and research in university education.

2. Central Educational Institutions (CEIs) (Reservation in Admission) Act, was passed in the year _______.

(A) 1994

(B) 2001

(D) 2014

Government strictly complies with the rules of CEI Act, 2006 which provides reservation for SC (15%), ST (7.5%) & OBC (27%) students.

3. Methane, a greenhouse gas, is emitted from _______.

(1) landfills

(2) construction debris

(3) wetlands

(4) e-waste

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 2 & 3

4. Which Indian state planted 6 crores saplings in 12 hours in July, 2017 in an attempt to full fill Paris agreement promise? पेरिस समझौते के वादे को पूरा करने के प्रयास में किस भारतीय राज्य ने जुलाई, 2017 में 12 घंटे में 6 करोड़ पौधे लगाए?

(A) Kerala

(B) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Jharkhand

(B) Madhya Pradesh

Paris Agreement :- is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. As of November 2021, 193 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement.

5. The following list indicates different types of computer networks. Arrange them in an ascending order on the basis of geographical space implied.

(A) WAN < MAN < LAN

(B) WAN < LAN < MAN

(D) LAN < MAN < WAN

Local Area Network (LAN) :- A local area network connects computers that are in the same building.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) :- a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is basically a bigger version of LAN and normally uses similar technology. It can be a private or public network. It might cover a group of nearby corporate offices or it can be in a city.

Wide Area Network (WAN) :- A wide area network connects computers in different cities or countries.

WAN covers the largest area and LAN covers the smallest area.

6. Neha would like to send her 10-page document by e-mail to various companies for job purposes. Identify the appropriate sequence from the following steps.

(1) E-Mail Id

(2) Attachment

(3) Send

(4) Compose

Code :-

(A) (1), (2), (3) & (4)

(B) (4), (1), (2) & (3)

(D) (4), (2), (1) & (3)

(B) (4), (1), (2) & (3)

When Neha writes an email, She'll be using the compose window. This is where She'll add the email address of the recipient(s), the subject, and the body of the email. She'll also be able to add various types of text formatting, as well as one or more attachments. She can also create a signature that will be added to the end of the email she sends.

The appropriate sequence of sending an email is :- Compose ⇒ E-Mail Id ⇒ Attachment ⇒ Send.

7. National Press Day is observed on _______.

(A) 16th November

(B) 16th December

(D) 16th July

(A) 16th November

8. Which Newspaper tagline is the "Let Truth Prevail"? "सत्य को प्रबल होने दें" किस अखबार की टैगलाइन है?

(A) The Telegraph

(B) Times of India

(D) The Hindu

(B) Times of India

(Mock TEST 21) (5 MCQs)

1. Which of the following are true about International Solar Alliance (ISA)?

(1) By March 2022, 86 countries have signed and ratified the ISA Framework Agreement.

(2) It is a joint initiative of France and India.

(3) 33rd ISA SUNMEET was held on 21st April 2021.

(4) By March 2022, There are 105 signatory countries.

(5) Near polar countries are participants in this.

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

:- The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient consumption of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Correct Statements :-

(1) By March 2022, 86 countries have signed and ratified the ISA Framework Agreement.

Countries who have Signed and Ratified the ISA Framework Agreement :- 86

86th :- Kingdom of Bahrain

(2) It is a joint initiative of France and India.

(3) 33rd ISA SUN MEET was held virtually on April 21, 2021.

(4) By March 2022, There are 105 signatory countries.

105th :- Nepal

Incorrect Statement :- (5) Near polar countries are participants in this.

The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of signatory countries, most being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and receive sunshine for more than 300 days. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देशों का एक गठबंधन है, जिनमें से अधिकांश धूप वाले देश हैं, जो या तो पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच स्थित हैं।

Polar regions :- Some parts of polar regions are always frozen, all year round.

The initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India Africa Summit, and a meeting of member countries ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in November 2015. The establishment of ISA was announced at the 21st session of United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP-21) in Paris, France held on November 30, 2015.

The ISA is headquartered in Gurugram, India.

In January 2016, Narendra Modi, and the then French President François Hollande jointly laid the foundation stone of the ISA Headquarters and inaugurated the interim Secretariat at the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) in Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India.

2. Which of the following numbers will replace the question mark (?) in the given series?

40, 41, 50, 75, 124, ?

(A) 205

(B) 257

(D) 264

(A) 205

40 + 1 (1X1) = 41

41 + 9 (3X3) = 50

50 + 25 (5X5) = 75

75 + 49 (7X7) =124

124 + 81 (9X9) = 205

205 + 121 (11X11) = 326

3. Which of the following is an ozone depleting substances? निम्नलिखित में से कौन ओजोन क्षयकारी पदार्थ है?

(A) Sulfur dioxide

(B) Carbon dioxide

(D) Methyl bromide

Q. What are ozone depleting substances?

Ozone depleting substances are chemicals that destroy the earth’s protective ozone layer. They include :-

:- chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

:- halon

:- carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

:- methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3)

:- hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs)

:- hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

:- methyl bromide (CH3Br)

:- bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl)

Production and import of these chemicals is controlled by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol). There are other ozone depleting substances, but their ozone depleting effects are very small, so they are not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

Montreal Protocol :- The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.

Signed :- 16 September 1987

4. Which among the following goals adopted by the UN member States in 2015 is related to SDG - 4? 2015 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सदस्य राज्यों द्वारा अपनाए गए निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा लक्ष्य एसडीजी - 4 से संबंधित है?

(A) reduce child mortality

(B) promote maternal health

(D) No Poverty

In September 2015, the General Assembly of the United Nation adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world :-

GOAL 1 :- No Poverty

GOAL 2 :- Zero Hunger

GOAL 3 :- Good Health and Well-being

GOAL 4 :- Quality Education

GOAL 5 :- Gender Equality

GOAL 6 :- Clean Water and Sanitation

GOAL 7 :- Affordable and Clean Energy

GOAL 8 :- Decent Work and Economic Growth

GOAL 9 :- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

GOAL 10 :- Reduced Inequality

GOAL 11 :- Sustainable Cities and Communities

GOAL 12 :- Responsible Consumption and Production

GOAL 13 :- Climate Action

GOAL 14 :- Life Below Water

GOAL 15 :- Life on Land

GOAL 16 :- Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

GOAL 17 :- Partnerships to Achieve the Goal

5. Which of the following options will come first among the given steps of the Research Process below? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विकल्प नीचे दी गई शोध प्रक्रिया के दिए गए चरणों में सबसे पहले आएगा?

(A) Writing the report

(B) Sampling

(D) Data Analysis

Stages of research :-

(1) Identifying the problem

(2) Reviewing literature

(3) Setting research questions, objectives, and hypotheses

(4) Choosing the study design

(5) Deciding on the sample design

(6) Collecting data

(7) Processing and analyzing data

(8) Writing the report

(Mock TEST 22) (6 MCQs)

1. Who is attributed to the the founder of modern educational psychology? आधुनिक शिक्षा मनोविज्ञान के जनक का श्रेय किसे जाता है?

(A) John Dewy

(B) Edward Thorndike

(D) Lawrence Kohlberg

(B) Edward Thorndike

2. Which of the following are statutory bodies?

(1) NCTE

(2) AICTE

(3) NAAC

(4) UGC

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 2 & 4

Statutory Bodies in India :- These are non-constitutional bodies as they do not find any mention in the Constitution. They are created by an Act of Parliament.

:- They are called "statutory" since statutes are laws made by the Parliament or the legislature. Since these bodies derive their power from statutes or laws made by the Parliament, they are known as statutory bodies.

List/Examples of Statutory Bodies :-

(1) National Human Rights Commission

(2) National Commission for Women

(3) Securities & Exchange Board of India

Statutory Bodies :-

NCTE :- National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body of Indian government set up under the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 in 1995 is to formally oversee standards (मानकों), procedures (प्रक्रियाओं) and processes in the Indian education system. Its secretariat is located in the Department of Teacher Education and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).

Formation :- 1995

Headquarters :- New Delhi

AICTE :- The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education. Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education system in India.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

UGC :- The University Grants Commission of India (UGC India) is a statutory body set up by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India in accordance to the UGC Act 1956 and is charged with coordination, determination and maintenance of standards (समन्वय, निर्धारण और रखरखाव) of higher education.

It provides recognition to universities in India, and disbursements of funds to such recognized universities and colleges. The headquarters are in New Delhi, and it has six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore. A proposal to replace it with another new regulatory body called HECI (Higher Education Commission of India) is under consideration by the Government of India. The UGC provides doctoral scholarships to all those who clear JRF in the National Eligibility Test.

The UGC was first formed in 1945 to oversee the work of the three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and Delhi. Its responsibility was extended in 1947 to cover all Indian universities.

In August 1949 a recommendation was made to reconstitute the UGC along similar lines to the University Grants Committee of the United Kingdom. This recommendation was made by the University Education Commission of 1948–1949 which was set up under the chairmanship of S. Radhakrishnan "to report on Indian university education and suggest improvements and extensions". In 1952 the government decided that all grants to universities and higher learning institutions should be handled by the UGC. Subsequently, an inauguration was held on 28 December 1953 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Minister of Education, Natural Resources and Scientific Research.

In November 1956 the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament.

In December 2015 the Indian government set a National Institutional of Ranking Framework (NIRF) under UGC which will rank all educational institutes by April 2016.

:- In February 2022 M Jagadesh Kumar was appointed as the chairman of the UGC, a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi and former VC of JNU.

:- It has made NET qualification mandatory for teaching at graduation level and at post-graduation level since July 2009.

(Autonomous body)

NAAC :- The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a government organization in India that assesses and accredits Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It is an autonomous body funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bangalore. NAAC was established in 1994 in response to recommendations of National Policy in Education (1986). The NAACs grades institutes on an eight-grade ladder.

Motto :- Excellence • Credibility • Relevance

:- As of December 2021, 655 universities and 13316 colleges were accredited by NAAC.

Autonomous body :- The term "autonomous body" denotes a self governing body, independent, or subject to its own laws. If autonomous body or institution is a company, it is regulated by the company law. It has Own board of directors and self policies.

3. A _______ interview is a data collection method that relies on asking questions in a set order to collect data on a topic. एक __________ साक्षात्कार एक डेटा संग्रह विधि है जो किसी विषय पर डेटा एकत्र करने के लिए एक निर्धारित क्रम में प्रश्न पूछने पर निर्भर करता है।

(A) Telephonic interview

(B) Personal interview

(D) Structured interview

There are many ways in which you can conduct structured interviews. For example, you can conduct them over the phone, face-to-face, over the Internet, using computer programs, such as Skype, or using videophone.

4. "The extreme hunger and malnutrition remain a huge barrier to development in many countries" - it is covered under the _______. "अत्यधिक भूख और कुपोषण कई देशों में विकास के लिए एक बड़ी बाधा बना हुआ है" - यह किसके अंतर्गत आता है?

(A) SDG 2

(B) SDG 3

(D) SDG 5

(A) SDG 2

5. Which committee/commission recommended the choice-based credit system in higher education? किस समिति/आयोग ने उच्च शिक्षा में च्वाइस बेस्ड क्रेडिट सिस्टम की सिफारिश की?

(A) Administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC

(B) Justice Verma Commission on Teacher Education

(D) Chattopadhyay Committee on Teacher Education

(A) Administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC

:- The administrative and Academic Reform Committee of the UGC recommended the choice-based credit system in higher education.

6. The Kigali agreement was an amendment to which of the following international conventions aimed at conserving the environment? किगली समझौता पर्यावरण के संरक्षण के उद्देश्य से निम्नलिखित में से किस अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन में संशोधन था?

(A) Kyoto Protocol

(B) UNFCCC

(D) CBD & ISA

Aiming at protecting the climate and the ozone layer, in October of 2016, during the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in Kigali/Rwanda, more than 170 countries agreed to amend the Protocol. The Kigali Amendment aims for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by cutting their production and consumption. The goal is to achieve over 80% reduction in HFC consumption by 2047.

Effective :- January 1, 2019

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to gradually reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

:- As of October 15, 2021, 130 states and the European Union have ratified the Kigali Amendment.

:- The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987 by many states and entered into force in 1989, decided to phase out CFCs.

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, has given its approval for ratification of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer for phase down of Hydroflurocarbons (HFCs) by India, adopted by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on October, 2016 at 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held at Kigali, Rwanda.

:- Under the Kigali Amendment; Parties to the Montreal Protocol will phase down production and consumption of Hydrofluorocarbons, commonly known as HFCs.

Kigali's agreement has put a mandate on the countries to reduce the production of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) roughly by 80-85 per cent by the late 2040s.

India will complete its phase down of HFCs in 4 steps from 2032 onwards with cumulative reduction of 10% in 2032, 20% in 2037, 30% in 2042 and 85% in 2047.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is an international environmental treaty for protection of the Ozone Layer by phasing out the production and consumption of man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances (ODS). The stratospheric ozone\ layer protects humans: and the environment from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

India became a Party to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer on 19 June 1992 and since then has ratified the amendments to the Montreal Protocol.

(Mock TEST 23) (10 MCQs)

1. Match the following.

(a) Minamata disease (1) benzene

(b) Blue Baby Syndrome (2) Cadmium

(d) leukemia (4) Mercury

Code :-

(A) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

(B) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3

(D) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

Minamata disease :- Minamata disease is a methylmercury poisoning with neurological symptoms and caused by the daily consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish that were heavily contaminated with the toxic chemical generated in chemical factories and then discharged into the sea.

Blue Baby Syndrome :- Infant methemoglobinemia is also called “blue baby syndrome.” It is a condition where a baby's skin turns blue. Infants under 12 months of age that eat foods high in nitrate or drink water with nitrate in it are more likely to have methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia can be also caused by certain medications (e.g., benzocaine, dapsone) and chemicals (e.g., aniline, naphthalene).

Itai-itai disease :- Itai-itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning.

leukemia :- Long-term exposure to high levels of benzene in the air can cause leukemia. Leukemia is a broad term for cancers of the blood cells.

2. _______ is the process of converting data from one form to another. _______ डेटा को एक रूप से दूसरे रूप में परिवर्तित करने की प्रक्रिया है।

(A) Observing & Searching

(B) Encoding

(D) Encryption

(B) Encoding || Encoding is the process of converting data from one form to another. There are several types of encoding, including image encoding, audio and video encoding, and character encoding.

3. What is the term used for hardware or software that has been announced, but have not been released or have missed its release date by a significant amount of time? हार्डवेयर या सॉफ़्टवेयर के लिए उपयोग किया जाने वाला शब्द क्या है जिसकी घोषणा की गई है, लेकिन जारी नहीं किया गया है या इसकी रिलीज की तारीख काफी समय से चूक गई है?

(A) Missware

(B) Vaporware

(D) Optware

(B) Vaporware (or vapourware) || Software or hardware that has been advertised but is not yet available to buy, either because it is only a concept or because it is still being written or designed.

4. What does V stand for in VLAN?

(A) Visual

(B) Volatile

(D) Virtual

(E) Video

(D) Virtual

VLAN is a custom network which is created from one or more local area networks.

5. Which part of the CPU preventing it from overheating? CPU का कौन-सा भाग इसे अधिक गरम होने से रोकता है?

(A) Core

(B) SMPS

(D) Heat Sink

(D) Heat Sink || A heat sink is a device that incorporates a fan or another mechanism to reduce the temperature of a hardware component.

6. _______ is a processor designed to handle graphics operations. _______ एक प्रोसेसर है जिसे ग्राफिक्स संचालन को संभालने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

(A) CPU

(B) APU

(D) FPU

(A) numeric

(B) character

(D) symbolic

(A) numeric (Only Numbers)

8. Which of the following is a faster version of conventional Hard Disks? निम्नलिखित में से कौन पारंपरिक हार्ड डिस्क का तेज संस्करण है?

(A) SD Cards

(B) SSD

(D) DDR4 RAM

(B) Solid State Drive (SSD)

9. When you copy music, pictures, and videos from your PC to a blank CD or DVD, it's called ________. जब आप अपने पीसी से संगीत, चित्र और वीडियो को एक खाली सीडी या डीवीडी में कॉपी करते हैं, तो इसे ________ कहा जाता है।

(A) prompting & packing

(B) storing

(D) accessing

(E) formatting

10. When you copy music, pictures, and videos from a CD or DVD to your PC, it's called _______. जब आप सीडी या डीवीडी से संगीत, चित्र और वीडियो को अपने पीसी पर कॉपी करते हैं, तो इसे _______ कहा जाता है।

(A) prompting

(B) storing & burning

(D) accessing

(E) formatting

(Mock TEST 24) (12 MCQs)

1. Which of the following is a network security system designed to prevent malicious activity within a network? निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक नेटवर्क सुरक्षा प्रणाली है जिसे नेटवर्क के भीतर दुर्भावनापूर्ण गतिविधि को रोकने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है?

(A) IPS

(B) IMPS

(D) WAMP

2. A file with the .MOBI file extension is used for _______.

(A) MS Word

(B) E-book

(D) Mobile

(E) e-commerce

(B) E-book || mobi files are an eBook file format created by the company Mobipocket for their Mobipocket Reader software.

3. At what frequency does Bluetooth operates? ब्लूटूथ किस आवृत्ति पर काम करता है?

(A) 2.402 GHz to 2.98 GHz

(B) 2.402 GHz to 3.48 GHz

(D) 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz

(D) 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz || Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between mobile devices over short distances using UHF (Ultra high frequency) radio waves from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz.

4. Who invented the mode of transmitting sound signals without using wires? तारों का उपयोग किए बिना ध्वनि संकेतों को प्रसारित करने की विधा का आविष्कार किसने किया?

(A) Marilyn Monroe
(B) Elvis Presley
(C) John M Keynes
(D) Guglielmo Marconi

(D) Guglielmo Marconi of Italy

5. Which of the following is not correctly matched? इनमें से कौन-सा सही मिलान नहीं किया गया है?

(A) World Wetlands Day :- 2 February

(B) World Wildlife Day :- 5 March

(D) Earth Day :- 22 April

(B) World Wildlife Day :- 5 March || Every year March 3 is celebrated as World Wildlife Day to raise the awareness of issues that impact wildlife.

Other Options :-

(A) World Wetlands Day :- 2 February

(D) Earth Day :- 22 April

6. Mark the Incorrect pair.

(A) MHRD :- 1985

(B) AICTE :- 1952

(D) NITI Aayog :- 2015

(B) AICTE :- 1952

AICTE :- November 1945

Other Options :-

(A) MHRD :- 1985

(D) NITI Aayog :- 2015

7. Which of the following is not a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

(A) to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; अत्यधिक गरीबी और भूख मिटाने के लिए;

(B) to achieve universal primary education; सार्वभौमिक प्राथमिक शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए;

(D) to reduce child mortality; बाल मृत्यु दर को कम करने के लिए;

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this Declaration, and all have specific targets and indicators.

The Eight Millennium Development Goals are :-

List of All Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) :-

Goal 1 :- Eliminate extreme poverty and hunger अत्यधिक गरीबी और भूख मिटाना

Goal 2 :- achieve global primary education वैश्विक प्राथमिक शिक्षा प्राप्त करना

Goal 3 :- empower women and promote gender equality महिलाओं को सशक्त बनाना और लैंगिक समानता को बढ़ावा देना

Goal 4 :- reduce child mortality बाल मृत्यु दर कम करना

Goal 5 :- promote maternal health मातृ स्वास्थ्य को बढ़ावा देना

Goal 6 :- fight malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases मलेरिया, एचआईवी/एड्स और अन्य बीमारियों से लड़ना

Goal 7 :- promote environmental sustainability पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता को बढ़ावा देना

Goal 8 :- develop a universal partnership for development विकास के लिए सार्वभौम साझेदारी विकसित करना

8. Which of the following pollutant is not present in the vehicular emissions? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा प्रदूषक वाहन उत्सर्जन में मौजूद नहीं है?

(A) Lead
(B) Ammonia
(C) Carbon Monoxide
(D) Particulate Matter

(B) Ammonia

9. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established by the UN General Assembly in December _______. संयुक्त राष्ट्र का सतत विकास आयोग (CSD) संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा द्वारा दिसंबर _______ में स्थापित किया गया था।

(A) 1992
(B) 1993
(C) 1994
(D) 1995

(A) 1992

10. Fluoride pollution mainly affects _______. फ्लोराइड प्रदूषण मुख्य रूप से _______ को प्रभावित करता है।

(A) Brain दिमाग

(B) Teeth दाँत

(D) Kidney किडनी

(B) Teeth दाँत || Fluoride naturally exist in the minerals, as well as in soil, water, and air. Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a major water pollutants in many areas around the world nowadays.

11. A child who struggles with math persistently but does well in other classes may have a learning disability called _______. एक बच्चा जो गणित से लगातार संघर्ष करता है, लेकिन अन्य वर्गों में अच्छा करता है, उसे _______ नामक सीखने की विकलांगता हो सकती है।

(A) Dyspraxia

(B) Dysgraphia

(D) Dyslexia

12. The _______ was the first agreement between nations to mandate country-by-country reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. ग्रीनहाउस-गैस उत्सर्जन में देश-दर-देश कटौती को अनिवार्य करने के लिए _______ राष्ट्रों के बीच पहला समझौता था।

(A) Rio Summit

(B) Paris Agreement

(D) Kyoto protocol

(Mock TEST 25) (8 MCQs)

1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Goal 13 is about :-

(A) Affordable and clean energy (सस्ती और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा)

(B) Peace, justice and strong institutions (शांति, न्याय और मजबूत संस्थान)

(D) Climate action (जलवायु कार्रवाई)

(D) Climate action (जलवायु कार्रवाई) || Goal 13 calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impact. लक्ष्य 13 जलवायु परिवर्तन और इसके प्रभाव से निपटने के लिए तत्काल कार्रवाई के लिए कहता है।

Other Options :-

(A) Affordable and clean energy (सस्ती और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा) (Goal 7)

(B) Peace, justice and strong institutions (शांति, न्याय और मजबूत संस्थान) (Goal 16)

2. Which of the following was not opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992? इनमें से कौन-सा 1992 में 3 से 14 जून तक रियो डी जनेरियो में पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन में हस्ताक्षर के लिए खोला नहीं गया था?

(A) Convention on Biological Diversity

(B) UNFCCC

(D) Montreal Protocol

Montreal Protocol :- An international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. Signed 16 September 1987. The Montreal Protocol entered into force on 1 January 1989.

Earth Summit :- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese :- ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992.

Other Options :-

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. It has two supplementary agreements, the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an International Environmental Treaty that reduce greenhouse gases with the aim of preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with earth's climate system. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature on 4 June 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (known by its popular title, the Earth Summit).

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture) in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa. UNCCD is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs. The Convention, the only convention stemming from a direct recommendation of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21, was adopted in Paris, France on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996. कन्वेंशन, रियो सम्मेलन के एजेंडा 21 की सीधी सिफारिश से उपजा एकमात्र कन्वेंशन, 17 जून 1994 को पेरिस, फ्रांस में अपनाया गया और दिसंबर 1996 में लागू हुआ।

Agenda 21 is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.

Important legally binding agreements (Rio Convention) were opened for signature :-

(1) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

(2) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

(3) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

3. Which of these documents did not develop since Rio Summit 1992? पृथ्वी शिखर सम्मेलन में इनमें से किस दस्तावेज का विकास नहीं हुआ?

(A) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

(B) Agenda 21

(D) Global Agenda

The Rio Summit 1992 is also called the Earth Summit. This summit led to the development of the following documents :-

(1) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

(2) Agenda 21

(3) Forest Principles

4. Which of the following is a five-year vision plan to improve the quality and access to higher education in the next five years (2019-2024)? इनमें से कौन-सा अगले पांच वर्षों (2019-2024) में उच्च शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता और पहुंच में सुधार के लिए एक पंचवर्षीय दृष्टि योजना है?

(A) LOCF

(B) Saksham

(D) EQUIP

(D) Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP) || Double the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in higher education. उच्च शिक्षा में सकल नामांकन अनुपात (GER) को दोगुना करना। Position at least 50 Indian institutions among the top-1000 global universities.

5. _______ is the first Indian satellite specifically designed to serve the educational sector. _______ पहला भारतीय उपग्रह है जो विशेष रूप से शैक्षिक क्षेत्र की सेवा के लिए बनाया गया है।

(A) GSAT-3

(B) GSAT-15

(D) GSAT-12

(A) GSAT-3 || GSAT-3, also known as EDUSAT, was a communications satellite which was launched on 20 September 2004 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). EDUSAT is the first Indian satellite built exclusively to serve the educational sector.

6. _______ is the centrally sponsored scheme launched in October 2013 that aims at providing strategic funding to higher education institutions throughout the country. _______ अक्टूबर 2013 में शुरू की गई केंद्र प्रायोजित योजना है जिसका उद्देश्य पूरे देश में उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों को रणनीतिक वित्तपोषण प्रदान करना है।

(A) AICTE

(B) SSA

(D) NCERT

7. _______ is an initiative for online professional development of 15 lakh higher education faculty using the Massive open online courses (MOOCs) platform SWAYAM. _______ बड़े पैमाने पर खुले ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम प्लेटफॉर्म (MOOCs) SWAYAM का उपयोग करके 15 लाख उच्च शिक्षा संकाय के ऑनलाइन पेशेवर विकास के लिए एक पहल है।

(A) ARPIT

(B) FOSSEE

(D) TULIP

(A) ARPIT (Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching) || It is an initiative for online professional development of 15 lakh higher education faculty using the Massive open online courses (MOOCs) platform SWAYAM.

8. SWAYAM platform is indigenously developed by Ministry of Education and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) with the help of _______. SWAYAM मंच स्वदेशी रूप से शिक्षा मंत्रालय और अखिल भारतीय तकनीकी शिक्षा परिषद (AICTE) द्वारा _______ की सहायता से विकसित किया गया है।

(A) Facebook

(B) Microsoft

(D) United Nations

(B) Microsoft

(Mock TEST 26) (20 MCQs)

1. World Computer Literacy Day is observed on _______ every year all over the world. विश्व कंप्यूटर साक्षरता दिवस पूरी दुनिया में हर साल _______ को मनाया जाता है।

(A) 1st December

(B) 2nd December

(D) 4th December

(B) 2nd December

World Computer Literacy Day was first observed and held in the year 2001 on 2nd December.

2. _______ is often called Internet language. _______ को अक्सर इंटरनेट भाषा कहा जाता है।

(A) C & C++

(B) Python

(D) Java

3. _______ are rules to follow while communicating over the internet. _______ इंटरनेट पर संचार करते समय पालन करने वाले नियम हैं।

(A) URLs

(B) Topologies

(D) Netiquettes

4. Who is considered as father of markup languages? मार्कअप भाषाओं का जनक किसे माना जाता है?

(A) Doryras Engelbart

(B) Charles Godfarb

(D) Jack Miles

(B) Charles Godfarb

5. Which of the following is modern example of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सूचना और संचार प्रौद्योगिकी (आईसीटी) का आधुनिक उदाहरण है?

(A) Print media

(B) Television

(D) Call centre

6. In Email, IMAP stands for?

(A) Internet Mail Access Protocol

(B) Internet Mail Advanced Protocol

(D) Internet Message Access Protocol

7. Which of the following terminology describe the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी शब्दावली दुनिया भर में अरबों भौतिक उपकरणों का वर्णन करती है जो अब इंटरनेट से जुड़े हैं, सभी डेटा एकत्र और साझा कर रहे हैं?

(A) SMTP

(B) VPS

(D) IoT

(D) Internet of Things (IoT)

8. Which one is not kind of printer? कौन-सा एक प्रकार का प्रिंटर नहीं है?

(A) Inkjet

(B) Droll

(D) Dot Matrix

(B) Droll

9. In which generation computer transistors and magnetic cores were introduced? किस पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटर में ट्रांजिस्टर और चुंबकीय कोर की शुरुआत हुई?

(A) First

(B) Second

(D) Fourth

(B) Second

10. A commonplace example of _______ communications is a telephone call where both parties can communicate at the same time. _______ संचार का एक सामान्य उदाहरण एक टेलीफोन कॉल है जहां दोनों पक्ष एक ही समय में संवाद कर सकते हैं।

(A) Simplex

(B) Oneway

(D) Half-duplex

11. Voice mail, email, online services, internet, Online social networks and WWW are examples of _______.

(A) Computer categories

(B) Connectivity

(D) Information technology

12. कंप्यूटर सुरक्षा दिवस किस दिन मनाया जाता है ? Computer Security Day observed on :-

(A) 27th November

(B) 28th November

(D) 30th November

13. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Vikramshila is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

(2) Radio Gyan Vani is the India’s first online radio station.

(3) Dr. D.S.Kothari was the first Chairperson of the UGC from 1953 - 1955.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(1) Vikramshila is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Vikramshila is not a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

(2) Radio Gyan Vani is the India’s first online radio station.

Radio Umang is the India’s first online radio station.

(3) Dr. D.S.Kothari was the first Chairperson of the UGC from 1953 - 1955.

Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was the first Chairperson of the UGC from 1953 - 1955.

14. Which of these is not provide SWAYAM PRABHA content? इनमें से कौन स्वयं प्रभा सामग्री प्रदान नहीं करता है?

(A) NPTEL

(B) UGC

(D) IGNOU

SWAYAM PRABHA contents are provided by NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning), IITs, UGC, CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication), IGNOU, NCERT and NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling).

15. Who maintains the web portal of SWAYAM PRABHA? स्वयं प्रभा के वेब पोर्टल का रखरखाव कौन करता है?

(A) UGC

(B) CEC

(D) INFLIBNET Centre

Information and Library Network Centre (INFLIBNET Centre) is an organization that promotes and facilitates libraries and information resources for Indian further education. Its premises are in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

The Centre started in March 1991 as a project under the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics. It became an independent entity in June 1996, reporting to the University Grants Commission of India under the Ministry of Education). INFLIBNET runs a nationwide high speed data network connecting university libraries and other information centres.

The SWAYAM PRABHA is a group of 34 DTH (Direct-to-Home) channels devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational programmes on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite.

16. ______ publishes a quarterly newsletter and annual reports which are distributed to the academic community across the country. ________ एक त्रैमासिक समाचार पत्र और वार्षिक रिपोर्ट प्रकाशित करता है जो पूरे देश में शैक्षणिक समुदाय को वितरित किया जाता है।

(A) UGC

(B) CEC

(D) INFLIBNET Centre

17. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Ashtadhyayi was written by the Charaka.

(2) According to historians, Nalanda flourished during the reign of Gopala. इतिहासकारों के अनुसार, गोपाल के शासनकाल में नालंदा का विकास हुआ।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(1) Ashtadhyayi was written by the Charaka.

Correct Answer :- Pāṇini.

Correct Answer :- Kumāragupta

18. Our chief sources for Nalanda are the writings of _______. नालंदा के लिए हमारे मुख्य स्रोत _______ के लेखन हैं।

(A) Wang Mang & King Dharmapala

(B) Yijing & Kumaragupta I

(D) Xuanzang & Wang Mang

19. Inspired by the travels of Faxian and Xuanzang, who lived in Nalanda for fourteen years, of which he spent ten years in the Nalanda Monastery. फैक्सियन और जुआनज़ांग, की यात्रा से प्रेरित होकर, कौन चौदह वर्षों तक नालंदा में रहे जिसमें से दस वर्ष उन्होंने नालंदा महाविहार में बिताए।

(A) Hong Zhou

(B) Shiyuan Hao

(D) Yijing

(D) Yijing (also known as I-tsing)

20. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Nalanda was the world’s first university to have residential quarters for both students and teachers.

(2) Vikramshila was one of the largest Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(Mock TEST 27) (8 MCQs)

1. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Jonathan Duncan established the Calcutta Madrassa in 1781. जोनाथन डंकन ने 1781 में कलकत्ता मदरसा की स्थापना की।

(2) Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects speaking abilities. डिसग्राफिया एक सीखने की अक्षमता है जो बोलने की क्षमताओं को प्रभावित करती है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(1) Jonathan Duncan established the Calcutta Madrassa in 1781. जोनाथन डंकन ने 1781 में कलकत्ता मदरसा की स्थापना की।

Correct Answer :- Warren Hastings

Correct Answer :- Writing (लिखने)

2. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Warren Hastings established the Sanskrit College at Banaras.

(2) In Thomas Babington Macaulay recommendation, universities have been established in big cities like Bombay, Calcutta and Madras on the model of the University of London. थॉमस बैबिंगटन मैकाले की सिफारिश में, लंदन विश्वविद्यालय के मॉडल पर बॉम्बे, कलकत्ता और मद्रास जैसे बड़े शहरों में विश्वविद्यालय स्थापित किए गए हैं।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(1) Warren Hastings established the Sanskrit College at Banaras.

Correct Answer :- Jonathan Duncan || In 1791, a Sanskrit College was started in Varanasi by Jonathan Duncan for the study of Hindu philosophy and laws.

Correct Answer :- Sir Charles Wood

3. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) In November 1952 the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament. नवंबर 1952 में भारतीय संसद द्वारा "विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग अधिनियम, 1956" पारित होने पर यूजीसी एक वैधानिक निकाय बन गया।

(2) Institutions of higher education which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(B) Only 2

Incorrect Statement #1 In November 1952 the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament. नवंबर 1952 में भारतीय संसद द्वारा "विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग अधिनियम, 1956" पारित होने पर यूजीसी एक वैधानिक निकाय बन गया।

Correct Answer :- November 1956

4. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) In Ancient India, Odantapuri was very famous as a centre of training in Indian Military science. प्राचीन भारत में, ओदंतपुरी भारतीय सैन्य विज्ञान में प्रशिक्षण के केंद्र के रूप में बहुत प्रसिद्ध था।

(2) The 1986 National Policy on Education was modified in 2007 by the Manmohan Singh government. 1986 की शिक्षा पर राष्ट्रीय नीति को 2007 में मनमोहन सिंह सरकार द्वारा संशोधित किया गया था।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

Correct Answer :- Nalanda

Correct Answer :- The 1986 National Policy on Education was modified in 1992 by the P. V. Narasimha Rao government.

5. What is the proposed name of national teacher education framework 2021?

(A) National Council for Teacher Education, NCTE 2021

(B) National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, NCFTE 2021

(D) Professional Standard Setting Body, PSSB 2021

(B) National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, NCFTE 2021

6. The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 created to award compensation for damage to person, property, and the environment arising from _______. राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण न्यायाधिकरण अधिनियम, 1995 को _______ से उत्पन्न व्यक्ति, संपत्ति और पर्यावरण को हुए नुकसान के लिए मुआवजा देने के लिए बनाया गया था।

(A) hazardous substances

(B) vehicular pollution

(D) greenhouse gas emission

(A) hazardous substances खतरनाक पदार्थ

7. Which of the following sustainable development goal is related to the world’s oceans – their properties and habitat? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा सतत विकास लक्ष्य विश्व के महासागरों - उनके गुणों और आवास से संबंधित है?

(A) Goal 12

(B) Goal 14

(D) Goal 15

(B) Goal 14

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

Goal 14 :- Life Below Water

This SDG is related to World's Ocean, its properties, and its habitat. The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution.

8. The transmission of information between a business and another person or entity from outside of the company and receiving a sales order is an example of _______. कंपनी के बाहर से एक व्यवसाय और किसी अन्य व्यक्ति या संस्था के बीच सूचना का प्रसारण और बिक्री आदेश प्राप्त करना _______ का एक उदाहरण है।

(A) Vertical communication

(B) Horizontal communication

(D) External communication

(D) External communication बाहरी संचार

Two Types of Communication :-

(1) Internal communication is an exchange of ideas and information within the organization. It occurs between an employer and an employee.

(2) External communication is the exchange of information that happens outside the organization.

Sales order :- A sales order is a document generated by the seller and issued to a customer specifying the details about the product or services ordered by the customer.

A customer’s feedback is also external communication.

(Mock TEST 28) (6 MCQs)

1. Which one of the following e-repository is for doctoral research of Indian Universities? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा ई-रिपॉजिटरी भारतीय विश्वविद्यालयों के डॉक्टरेट अनुसंधान के लिए है?

(A) SOUL (Software for University Libraries)

(B) Shodhaganga

(D) e-PG Pathshala

(B) Shodhaganga

Shodhganga :- a reservoir of Indian Theses

The UGC Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil. / Ph.D Degree, Regulation, 2009 Amendment made on 2016) dated 5th May 2016 mandates submission of electronic version of theses and dissertations by the researchers in universities with an aim to facilitate open access to Indian theses and dissertations to the academic community world-wide.

As per the Regulation, the responsibility of hosting, maintaining and making the digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertation (called "Shodhganga"), accessible to all institutions and universities, is assigned/set-up to/by the INFLIBNET Centre.

Shodhganga provides a platform for research scholars to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access.

By 2021, as many as 500 universities in India have signed MoUs with the INFLIBNET Centre to participate in the Shodhganga project.

The INFLIBNET Centre is also maintaining another repository known by the name Shodhgangotri which is a repository of the synopses and research proposals of the PhD programmes in Indian universities.

2. Who has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with the NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council) and Quality Council of India (QCI) for the Accreditation of Teacher Education Programmes for Secondary and Elementary Levels respectively? किसने माध्यमिक और प्राथमिक स्तरों के लिए शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों के मान्यता के लिए क्रमशः NAAC (राष्ट्रीय मूल्यांकन और मान्यता परिषद) और भारतीय गुणवत्ता परिषद (QCI) के साथ समझौता ज्ञापन (MoU) पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं?

(A) NIRF

(B) IGNOU

(D) UGC

:- A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties.

NAAC :- The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a government organization in India that assesses and accredits Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It is an autonomous body funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bangalore. NAAC was established in 1994. The NAACs grades institutes on an eight-grade ladder.

NCTE :- To regulate and properly maintain the Norms and Standards in the teacher education system.

3. In Communication, The study of eye behavior is called _______. संचार में, नेत्र व्यवहार के अध्ययन को क्या कहा जाता है?

(A) None of These

(B) Proxemics

(D) Oculesics

Eye contact, eye movement, blinking and gaze direction are examples of oculesics.

Proxemics is the study of space and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less comfortable.

Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication.

4. Online meetings, educational video conferences, interactive webinars and chat-based online discussions, would all be considered forms of _______ learning. ऑनलाइन बैठकें, शैक्षिक वीडियो सम्मेलन, इंटरैक्टिव वेबिनार और चैट-आधारित ऑनलाइन चर्चा, सभी को _______ सीखने का रूप माना जाएगा।

(A) Synchronous learning

(B) Asynchronous learning

(D) Theoretical learning

(A) Synchronous learning

Synchronous learning means that although you will be learning from a distance, you will virtually attend a class session each week, at the same time as your instructor and classmates. The class is a firm, weekly time commitment that cannot be rescheduled.

5. According to Which sustainable development goal, Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers of economic growth and development? किस सतत विकास लक्ष्य के अनुसार, बुनियादी ढांचे और नवाचार में निवेश आर्थिक विकास और विकास के महत्वपूर्ण चालक हैं?

(A) SDGs Goal 10

(B) SDGs Goal 8

(D) SDGs Goal 14

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (उद्योग, नवाचार और बुनियादी ढांचा)

6. Arrange the following in chronological order.

(1) Macaulay's minute

(2) Wood's dispatch

(3) Sadler Commission

(4) Hartog committee

(5) Sargent Scheme

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-5-4

(D) 1-2-5-4-2

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(1) Macaulay's minute

(2) Wood's dispatch

(3) Sadler Commission

(4) Hartog committee

(5) Sargent Scheme

(1) Macaulay's minute :- On 2 February 1835, British historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay presented his "Minute on Indian Education" that sought to establish the need to impart English education to Indian "natives". जिसमें भारतीय "मूल निवासियों" को अंग्रेजी शिक्षा प्रदान करने की आवश्यकता स्थापित करने की मांग की गई थी।

:- Famous proposal of promoting the English language is called the Macaulay Minute. In 1835 he suggested English should be taught in place to Arabic, Sanskrit, and Persian in colonial schools in India. Lord Macaulay is known to introduce British education system in India.

(2) Wood's dispatch :- Sir Charles wood recommended that primary schools adopt vernacular languages, high schools adopt Anglo-vernacular language and that English be the medium of education in colleges. This communiqué is informally known as Wood's dispatch. Wood's Despatch was introduced in 1854 to spread education in British India.

(3) Sadler Commission :- 1917 the government appointed the Sadler Commission to investigation of education.

(4) Hartog committee :- This Committee was appointed to survey the growth of education in British India. In 1929, the Hartog Committee submitted its report.

(5) Sargent Scheme :- A central goal of the Sargent Scheme was the educational reconstruction of India. सार्जेंट योजना का एक केंद्रीय लक्ष्य भारत का शैक्षिक पुनर्निर्माण था। It recommended the introduction of free and compulsory education for all Indian children in the 6-11 years age group. Central Advisory Board of Education prepared a comprehensive report on educational development after the world war, known as the Sargent Report in 1944.

(Mock TEST 29) (5 MCQs)

1. Consider the following statements.

(1) The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन 2015 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन में शुरू किया गया था।

(2) The Paris Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it came into effect in 2017. पेरिस समझौते पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सभी सदस्य देशों द्वारा हस्ताक्षर किए गए और यह 2017 में लागू हुआ।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(A) Only 1

Correct Statement #1 :- The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन 2015 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन में शुरू किया गया था।

The establishment of ISA was announced at the 21st session of United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP-21) in Paris, France held on November 30, 2015 by Narendra Modi, and the then French President François Hollande.

Incorrect Statement #2 :- The Paris Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it came into effect in 2017. पेरिस समझौते पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सभी सदस्य देशों द्वारा हस्ताक्षर किए गए और यह 2017 में लागू हुआ।

Paris Agreement entered into force on 4th November 2016.

2. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Sir Charles Wood developed the downward filtration theory. Downward filtration theory means the education was provided to a small portion of the people, and through them, education was conveyed to the masses.

(2) The English Education Act was introduced in the year 1835. Lord William Bentick passed the act.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(B) Only 2

Incorrect Statement #1 :- Sir Charles Wood developed the downward filtration theory. Downward filtration theory means the education was provided to a small portion of the people, and through them, education was conveyed to the masses.

Correct Answer :- Thomas Babington Macaulay

3. Mark the Incorrect pair.

(A) MDGs :- 2000 - 2015

(B) SDGs :- 2015 - 2030

(D) SDG 10 :- reduced inequality

MDG 5 :- Improve maternal health मातृ स्वास्थ्य में सुधार

MDG 6 :- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases एचआईवी/एड्स, मलेरिया और अन्य बीमारियों का मुकाबला

Correct pair (A) MDGs :- 2000 - 2015

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the eight goals set by the 189 UN member states in September 2000 and agreed to be achieved by the year 2015.

Correct pair (B) SDGs :- 2015 - 2030

Correct pair (D) SDG 10 :- reduced inequality

Reduce income inequalities, ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination,

Inequality exist in various forms, such as economic, sex, disability, race, social inequality, and different forms of discrimination.

4. Vikramashila was allegedly destroyed by whose army around 1193? विक्रमशिला को 1193 के आसपास किसकी सेना द्वारा कथित रूप से नष्ट कर दिया गया था?

(A) Alauddin Khalji

(B) Ahmad Shah Durrani

(D) Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

(D) Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji || Major centres of Buddhism in India around 1193. 1193 के आसपास भारत में बौद्ध धर्म के प्रमुख केंद्र।

Vikramashila (विक्रमशिला) was one of the three most important Buddhist monasteries in India during the Pala Empire, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri. Its location is now the site of Antichak village, Bhagalpur district in Bihar. Vikramashila was established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala (783 to 820 AD). It was destroyed by the forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji around 1193. Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, especially the writings of Tāranātha, the Tibetan monk historian of the 16th–17th centuries. Vikramashila was one of the largest Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students.

5. Which of the following is an exclusive example of a Non-verbal cues that includes the pitch and speed of speaking, rate, volume, and use of pauses? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा गैर-मौखिक संकेतों का एक विशिष्ट उदाहरण है जिसमें बोलने की गति, दर, मात्रा और विराम का उपयोग शामिल है?

(A) Linear Model of Communication

(B) Interactional Model

(D) Para-Language

Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body language.

(Mock TEST 30) (8 MCQs)

1. Given below are two statements :-

Statement I :- The abbreviation "MOOC" stands for "Massive Open Online Courses".

Statement II :- The abbreviation "SWAYAM" stands for "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Academic Minds".

In the light of the above statements, Choose the correct answer from the options given below :-

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.

(D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

:- These are free online courses available for anyone to enroll in.

:- Academicians from hundreds of institutions throughout India are involved in developing & delivering MOOCs through the SWAYAM program.

Incorrect Statement II :- The abbreviation "SWAYAM" stands for "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Academic Minds".

SWAYAM :- It stands for "Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM)".

:- It provides one integrated platform and portal for online courses. This covers all higher education subjects and skill sector courses.

:- The objective is to ensure that every student in our country has access to the best quality higher education at an affordable cost.

:- Quality Online courses are provided through SWAYAM which is an indigenously developed MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course) platform.

2. Which country is in the process of setting up the largest integrated solar wind energy park of 30 GW capacity? कौन-सा देश 30 GW क्षमता का सबसे बड़ा एकीकृत सौर पवन ऊर्जा पार्क स्थापित करने की प्रक्रिया में है?

(A) India

(B) China

(D) UK

(A) India

In December 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the project, which is expected to produce 30 gigawatts (GW), or 30,000 megawatts (MW) of power. At the COP26, India pledged to achieve 500 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.

3. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) According to the 2011 census, The literacy rate in the country is 74.04 percentage, 82.14 for males and 65.46 for females. 2011 की जनगणना के अनुसार, देश में साक्षरता दर 74.04 प्रतिशत, पुरुषों के लिए 82.14 और महिलाओं के लिए 65.46 है।

(2) DELNET is the first operational library network in India. डेलनेट भारत में पहला परिचालन पुस्तकालय नेटवर्क है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

Correct Statement #1 :- According to the 2011 census, The literacy rate in the country is 74.04 percentage, 82.14 for males and 65.46 for females. 2011 की जनगणना के अनुसार, देश में साक्षरता दर 74.04 प्रतिशत, पुरुषों के लिए 82.14 और महिलाओं के लिए 65.46 है।

Correct Statement #2 :- DELNET is the first operational library network in India. डेलनेट भारत में पहला परिचालन पुस्तकालय नेटवर्क है। Developing Library Network (DELNET) was established in 1988.

4. Which was the first "Europeanized" institution of higher education in the country? देश में उच्च शिक्षा का पहला "यूरोपीयकृत" संस्थान कौन-सा था?

(A) Banaras Hindu University in 1916

(B) University of Allahabad in 1887

(D) University of Delhi in 1922

The Hindu College established in Calcutta in 1817 was the first “Europeanized” institution of higher learning.

5. What is pabbajja Sanskar? पबज्जा संस्कार क्या है?

(A) Admission to Gurukul गुरुकुल में प्रवेश

(B) Upanayana Ceremony उपनयन समारोह

(D) Entrance in Buddhist Monastery बौद्ध मठ में प्रवेश

6. What is a virtual university?

(A) Virtual space for sending, sharing, exchanging information

(B) Open courses through online learning environment at own pace

(D) Advanced pedagogical approaches

(B) Open courses through online learning environment at own pace

Virtual universities provide open courses through an online environment. There is no requirement of physical classrooms. Anyone from the world can attend the course.

A virtual university provides higher education programs through electronic media, typically the Internet.

7. Connecting with other schools and pairing with the students from different countries is an impact of technology, which is called _______. अन्य स्कूलों से जुड़ना और विभिन्न देशों के छात्रों के साथ जुड़ना प्रौद्योगिकी का प्रभाव है, जिसे _________ कहा जाता है।

(A) Globalization

(B) Nationalization

(D) Research

(A) Globalization वैश्वीकरण

8. Who proposed advanced Organizer Model of teaching?

(A) Bruner

(B) Pavlov

(D) Piaget

An advance organizer is a very useful tool for teachers to help students in the classroom to understand, retain and remember new learning material.

(Mock TEST 31) (ICT 15 MCQs)

1. ________ is a network of 3D virtual worlds focused on social connection. ________ 3डी आभासी दुनिया का एक नेटवर्क है जो सामाजिक संबंध पर केंद्रित है।

(A) technoverse

(B) digiverse

(D) metaverse

the metaverse is generally regarded as a network of 3-D virtual worlds where people can interact, do business, and forge social connections through their virtual “avatars.”

2. Which of the following is a spyware developed by the Israeli cyber-arms company NSO Group that can be covertly installed on mobile phones running most versions of iOS and Android? निम्नलिखित में से कौन इजरायली साइबर-आर्म्स कंपनी एनएसओ ग्रुप द्वारा विकसित एक स्पाइवेयर है जिसे आईओएस और एंड्रॉइड के अधिकांश संस्करण चलाने वाले मोबाइल फोन पर गुप्त रूप से स्थापित किया जा सकता है?

(A) Morpheus

(B) Kazaa

(D) FinFisher

3. ________ is a device that connects a laptop to multiple peripherals.

(A) blog

(B) dock

(D) Core

(B) dock

In computing, a docking station or port replicator (hub) or dock provides a simplified way to plug-in a mobile device, such as a laptop, to common peripherals.

There are three kinds of peripherals :- input, input/output, and output devices.

4. _______ is a small piece of software that tells the operating system and other software how to communicate with a piece of hardware.

(A) cookie

(B) Utility

(D) device driver

5. Data entered through input device in a computer is temporarily stored in the main memory also referred to as _______. कंप्यूटर में इनपुट डिवाइस के माध्यम से दर्ज किया गया डेटा अस्थायी रूप से मुख्य मेमोरी में संग्रहीत किया जाता है जिसे _______ भी कहा जाता है।

(A) ROM

(B) RAM

(D) ALU

(B) RAM (Random-access memory)

6. To speed up the operations of the CPU, a very high speed memory is placed between the CPU and the primary memory known as _______. सीपीयू के संचालन को गति देने के लिए, सीपीयू और प्राथमिक मेमोरी के बीच एक बहुत ही उच्च गति वाली मेमोरी को रखा जाता है जिसे _______ कहा जाता है।

(A) Cache

(B) Cookie

(D) SMPS

(A) Cache Memory

7. WPA is a type of security in Wi-Fi. What does A stands for in WPA? WPA वाई-फाई में एक प्रकार की सुरक्षा है। WPA में A का क्या अर्थ है?

(A) Authentication

(B) Automatic

(D) Access

WPA :- Wi-Fi Protected Access

8. Which key is used for Help on the Windows platform? विंडोज प्लेटफॉर्म पर हेल्प के लिए किस कुंजी का उपयोग किया जाता है?

(A) F1

(B) F2

(D) F4

(A) F1

9. Identify the optical disk among the options given below :- नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से ऑप्टिकल डिस्क को पहचानिए :-

(A) Jaz disk

(B) Super disk

(D) Zip disk

(B) Super disk

The SuperDisk LS-120 is a high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 inch), 1.44 MB floppy disk.

An optical disk drive (ODD) uses a laser light to read data from or write data to an optical disc. These include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

10. Name the input device which is used to convert the pictures, maps and drawings into digital form for storage in computers?

(A) OCR

(B) MICR

(D) OMR

A graphics tablet (also known as a digitizer, digital graphic tablet, pen tablet, drawing tablet, or digital art board) is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-draw images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper.

11. Which is the shortest network covering network? नेटवर्क को कवर करने वाला सबसे छोटा नेटवर्क कौन-सा है?

(A) LAN

(B) MAN

(D) PAN

(E) VPN

(D) PAN (Personal Area Network)

The smallest computer network. Devices may be connected through Bluetooth. It has a connectivity range of upto 10 metres. It covers an area of upto 30 feet.

12. ATM is a form of _______. एटीएम _______ का एक रूप है।

(A) Local Area Network

(B) Wide Area Network

(D) Personal Area Network

(E) Virtual Private Network

A network that can be connected within a city, for example, cable TV Connection. It can be in the form of Ethernet & ATM. It has a higher range. This type of network can be used to connect citizens with the various Organizations.

13. The network device converts digital signals into analog signals and can be connected through a telephone is called _______. नेटवर्क डिवाइस डिजिटल सिग्नल को एनालॉग सिग्नल में परिवर्तित करता है और इसे टेलीफोन के माध्यम से जोड़ा जा सकता है _______ कहलाता है।

(A) Modem

(B) Hotspot

(D) Bridge

(E) Switch

(A) Modem

Modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables a computer to send or receive data over telephone or cable lines.

14. _______ is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).

(A) Ethernet

(B) ARPANET

(D) Telnet

(A) Ethernet

15. MAC stands for?

(A) Metropolitan Area Channel

(B) Macintosh Control

(D) Media Access Control

(D) Media Access Control Address

The full form of MAC is the Media Access Control Address. The MAC address is known as the hardware id number. In particular, each computer's NIC (network interface card), including a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi card or Ethernet card, has an unchanged MAC address inserted by the manufacturer at the time of production.

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique ID assigned to every internet-connected machine that allows it to be identified when connected to a specific network.

(Mock TEST 32) (Top 5 MCQs)

1. In which of the following level of teaching focus on the "Perceiving the meaning, grasp the idea and comprehend it'? निम्नलिखित में से किस स्तर के शिक्षण में "अर्थ को जानने, विचार को समझने और उसे सम्मिलित करने" पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया जाता है?

(A) Memory level स्मृति स्तर

(B) Understanding level समझ स्तर

(D) Least thoughtful level निम्नतम विचारशील स्तर

(B) Understanding level समझ स्तर

2. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

(1) In India, the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Chhattisgarh are reported to be most affected by arsenic contamination of groundwater above the permissible level. भारत में, पश्चिम बंगाल, झारखंड, बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, असम, मणिपुर और छत्तीसगढ़ राज्यों को अनुमेय स्तर से ऊपर भूजल के आर्सेनिक संदूषण से सबसे अधिक प्रभावित होने की सूचना है।

(2) Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water is causally related to increased risks of cancer in the skin, lungs, bladder, and kidney. पीने के पानी में लंबे समय तक आर्सेनिक का संपर्क त्वचा, फेफड़े, मूत्राशय और गुर्दे में कैंसर के बढ़ते जोखिम से संबंधित है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

:- Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33.

:- Arsenic is also known as the "king of poison".

:- It can also cause other skin changes such as thickening and pigmentation.

3. Arrange the following greenhouse gases in decreasing order of their Global Warming Potential (GWP). निम्नलिखित ग्रीनहाउस गैसों को उनकी ग्लोबल वार्मिंग क्षमता (GWP) के घटते क्रम में व्यवस्थित करें।

(1) Water vapor

(2) Sulfur hexafluoride

(3) Nitrous oxide

(4) Methane

Code :-

(A) 2 > 3 > 1 > 4

(B) 2 > 4 > 3 > 1

(D) 2 > 1 > 4 > 3

(2) Sulfur hexafluoride

(3) Nitrous oxide

(4) Methane

(1) Water vapor

:- The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of a greenhouse gas is its ability to trap extra heat in the atmosphere over time relative to carbon dioxide (CO2).

:- The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years.

:- The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are sometimes called high-GWP gases because, they trap substantially more heat than CO2. (The GWPs for these gases can be in the thousands or tens of thousands.)

4. Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP)? किस ग्रीनहाउस गैस में सबसे अधिक ग्लोबल वार्मिंग क्षमता (GWP) है?

(A) Carbon Dioxide

(B) Methane

(D) Sulphur Hexafluoride

Greenhouse gas is a gas that can trap heat energy coming from the sun in the atmosphere. Different gases have different capacity to trap the heat energy coming from the sun.

5. Who is the chairperson of NITI Aayog? नीति आयोग के अध्यक्ष कौन हैं?

(A) Prime Minister of India

(B) President of India

(D) Chief Justice of India

(A) Prime Minister of India

The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India. Its initiatives include "15-year road map", "7-year vision, strategy, and action plan", Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Digital India, Atal Innovation Mission, Medical Education Reform, agriculture reforms, Indices Measuring States’ Performance in Health, Education and Water Management, स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा और जल प्रबंधन में राज्यों के प्रदर्शन को मापना, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan etc.

:- It was established 1 January 2015, by the NDA government, to replace the Planning Commission.

(Planning Commission)

Formed :- 15 March 1950

Dissolved :- 13 Aug 2014

The NITI Aayog council comprises all the state Chief Ministers, along with the Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry, Lieutenant Governors of all UTs, and a vice-chairman nominated by the Prime Minister.

:- In addition, temporary members are selected from leading universities and research institutions. These members include a chief executive officer, four ex-official members, and two part-time members.

The first meeting of NITI Aayog was chaired by Narendra Modi on 8 February 2015.

NITI Aayog has started a new initiative on the advice of Prime Minister Narendra Modi called NITI Lectures : Transforming India. The aim of this initiative is to invite globally reputed policy makers, experts, administrators to India to share their knowledge, expertise, experience in policy making and good governance with Indian counterparts.

This initiative will be a series of lectures started with first lecture delivered by Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore Tharman Shanmugaratnam. He delivered lecture on subject called "India and the Global Economy" at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

In September 2021, NITI Aayog in association with Byju's launched an initiative to provide free tech-driven learning programmes to engineering aspirants from 112 districts of the country.

(Mock TEST 33) (6 MCQs)

1. Mark the correct statement/s.

(1) Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन 1990 की तुलना में 50 प्रतिशत से अधिक है।

(2) Most of the Universities in India are funded by UGC. भारत में अधिकांश विश्वविद्यालय यूजीसी द्वारा वित्त पोषित हैं।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only2

(D) None

Correct Statement #1 Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन 1990 की तुलना में 50 प्रतिशत से अधिक है।

Correct Statement #2 Most of the Universities in India are funded by UGC. भारत में अधिकांश विश्वविद्यालय यूजीसी द्वारा वित्त पोषित हैं।

Public universities are supported by the Government of India and the state governments, while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.

:- The University Grants Commission (UGC) came into existence on 28th December 1953.

:- UGC became a statutory Organization of the Government of India by an Act of Parliament in 1956.

2. Which of the following is not a function of the AICTE? निम्नलिखित में से कौन एआईसीटीई का कार्य नहीं है?

(A) Promotion of quality in technical education तकनीकी शिक्षा में गुणवत्ता को बढ़ावा देना

(B) monitoring and evaluation of technical education तकनीकी शिक्षा की निगरानी और मूल्यांकन

(C) to emphasis on developing high quality institutions and innovative research programmes उच्च गुणवत्ता वाले संस्थानों और नवीन अनुसंधान कार्यक्रमों के विकास पर जोर देने के लिए

(D) to Allocation of grants for planned and coordinated development of technical education तकनीकी शिक्षा के नियोजित एवं समन्वित विकास हेतु अनुदानों का आवंटन

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

:- It governs technical education in India.

:- It was set up in 1945 as an advisory body and later on, in 1987, was given statutory status by an act of Parliament.

:- AICTE grants approval for starting new technical institutions, for the introduction of new courses etc.

:- The AICTE is headquartered in New Delhi and it has regional offices at Kanpur, Chandigarh, Gurgram, Mumbai, Bhopal, Vadodara, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.

3. Denotations and Connotations are _______ barriers in communication process. संचार प्रक्रिया में संकेत और अर्थ _______ बाधाएं हैं।

(A) Physical barriers भौतिक बाधाएं

(B) Semantic barriers सिमेंटिक बाधाएं

(D) Technical barriers तकनीकी बाधाएं

(B) Semantic barriers सिमेंटिक बाधाएं

Communication is a two-way process in which participants exchange information and also create and share meaning. At any point in the communication process, a barrier can occur which can keep us away from understanding others’ ideas and thoughts. Few Communication barriers are physical barriers, encoding barriers, semantic barriers, technical barriers, Perception barriers, etc.

Semantic barriers, then, are obstacles in communication that distort the meaning of a message being sent. Miscommunications can arise due to different situations that form the semantic barrier between the sender and the receiver. These situations, to name a few, may be language, education, or cultural differences.

The Semantic Barriers refers to the misunderstanding between the sender and receiver arising due to the different meanings of words, and other symbols used in the communication.

:- The semantic barriers usually arise when the information is not in the simple language and contains those words or symbols that have multiple meanings.

:- These are also called as language barriers.

4. IRINS is a?

(A) Research Information Management service

(B) Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

(D) robotics outreach program

(A) Research Information Management service अनुसंधान सूचना प्रबंधन सेवा

IRINS is web-based Research Information Management (RIM) service developed by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre in collaboration with the Central University of Punjab. The portal facilitates the academic, R&D organizations to collect and showcase activities of their faculty, scientists and scholars to provide an opportunity to create a scholarly network amongst them. The IRINS is available as free software-as-service to the academic and R&D organizations in India.

:- Approved by Ministry of Education under National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT).

:- IRINS stands for Indian Research Information Network System.

5. What is the gross Enrolment ratio (GER) in the higher education for 2019-20? उच्च शिक्षा में 2019-20 के लिए सकल नामांकन अनुपात (जीईआर) क्या है?

(A) 26.3%

(B) 27.1%

(D) 24.3%

(B) 27.1%

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India is 27.1 per cent for 2019-20, which is an improvement from previous year's 26.3 per cent for 18-23 age group, the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2019-20 report has revealed.

Aim is to get GER to 50% by 2035.

6. Whose initiative is "ePathshala"? "ईपाठशाला" किसकी पहल है?

(A) Ministry of Education, NCERT & CIET

(B) NPTEL, Ministry of Education & UGC

(D) IGNOU, UGC & CIET

(A) Ministry of Education, NCERT & CIET

ePathshala is a portal/app developed by the CIET (Central Institute of Educational Technology), and NCERT. It was initiated jointly by the Ministry of Education, CIET, and NCERT, and launched in November 2015.

It hosts educational resources for teachers, students, parents, researchers and educators, can be accessed on the Web, and is available on Google Play, App Store and Windows. The content is available in English, Hindi and Urdu.

The platform offers educational resources, including NCERT textbooks for classes 1-12, audio-visual resources by NCERT, periodicals, teacher training modules and a variety of other print and non-print materials. These materials can be downloaded by the user for offline use with no limits on downloads. The app supports flip book format to provide a more realistic experience.

The ePathshala Mobile app is designed to achieve the SDG Goal 4 and is available on Google Play, App Store, and Windows.

It provides access to digital textbooks for all classes, graded learning materials and enables participation in exhibitions, contests, festivals, workshops, etc.

The digital India initiative has pushed the widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the teaching and learning process.

(Mock TEST 34) (10 Current Affairs)

1. Which state has been ranked at the top among larger states in NITI Aayog’s State Energy and Climate Index (SECI)? नीति आयोग के राज्य ऊर्जा और जलवायु सूचकांक (SECI) में बड़े राज्यों में किस राज्य को शीर्ष स्थान दिया गया है?

(A) Kerala

(B) Meghalaya

(D) Punjab

NITI Aayog launched the State Energy and Climate Index (SECI). It is the first index that aims to track the efforts made by states and UTs in the climate and energy sector.

Based on the outcome of SECI scores, states and union territories have been categorized into three groups - front runners, achievers, and aspirants.

(Top Three States among Larger States Category)

:- Gujarat

:- Kerala

:- Punjab

(Top Three States among Smaller States Category)

:- Goa

:- Tripura

:- Manipur

while Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh were the bottom three states.

Unsatisfactory Performance (असंतोषजनक प्रदर्शन) :- States like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand were placed at the bottom.

(Top Three UTs)

:- Chandigarh

:- Delhi

:- Daman & Diu/Dadra & Nagar Haveli

while Andaman & Nicobar, J&K and Lakshadweep were the bottom three performers.

Haryana was the best performer on clean energy initiative among larger states, while Tamil Nadu emerged as top performer in the energy efficiency category.

NITI Aayog :- CEO Amitabh Kant

2. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Earth Day is always celebrated on April 22. पृथ्वी दिवस हमेशा 22 अप्रैल को मनाया जाता है।

(2) The theme of World Earth Day 2022 is "Invest In our Planet". विश्व पृथ्वी दिवस 2022 का विषय "हमारे ग्रह में निवेश करें" है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

:- First held on April 22, 1970.

:- The first Earth Day was focused on the United States.

:- On Earth Day 2016, the landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and 120 other countries.

:- Google's first Earth Day doodle was in 2001.

:- Earth Day 2020 was the 50th Anniversary of Earth Day.

Theme 2021 :- Restore Our Earth

3. When is World Heritage Day observed? विश्व विरासत दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 16th April

(B) 18th April

(D) 21st April

(B) 18th April

The International Day for Monuments and Sites also known as World Heritage Day is an international observance held on 18 April each. The International Day for Monuments and Sites was proposed by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) on 18 April 1982 and approved by the General Assembly of UNESCO in 1983. The day was first observed first in 1983 by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The aim in celebrating this day is to spread awareness about the cultural heritage and diversity on the planet and the theme for 2021 is “Complex Pasts : Diverse Futures”.

Theme 2022 :- Heritage and Climate

4. Which state government formed a panel to frame the "State Education Policy"? किस राज्य सरकार ने "राज्य शिक्षा नीति" तैयार करने के लिए एक पैनल का गठन किया?

(A) Kerala

(B) Tamil Nadu

(D) West Bengal

(B) Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu’s state government has created a panel to create its own State Education Policy, SEP. As per the CM MK Stalin, the SEP panel will submit its report by the end of the year. The State Education Policy, SEP panel will be headed by Former CJI D Murugesan. The panel comprises of 13 expert members including the former CJI.

5. As per the recent study of Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), which state had the highest number of forest fire incidences in the last two decades? सीईईडब्ल्यू के हालिया अध्ययन के अनुसार, पिछले दो दशकों में किस राज्य में जंगल में आग लगने की घटनाएं सबसे ज्यादा हुई हैं?

(A) Rajasthan

(B) Mizoram

(D) Arunachal Pradesh

(B) Mizoram

A total of 381 forest fires have been reported in India by 30th March, 2022, according to the Forest Survey of India. Madhya Pradesh has recorded the highest number of fires at 133.

Recommendations of CEEW are :-

(1) The forest fires should be treated as “natural disasters” and be brought under the National Disaster Management Authority.

(2) Moreover, by designating forest fires as natural disasters, there will also be a financial allotment made to manage them.

Efforts :-

(1) Since 2004, the FSI (Forest Survey of India) developed the Forest Fire Alert System to monitor forest fires in real time.

(2) National Action Plan on Forest Fires (NAPFF) 2018 and Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme.

6. As per the World Bank, "Learning Poverty" is defined as a child’s inability to read a simple text by which age? विश्व बैंक के अनुसार, "लर्निंग पॉवर्टी" को किस उम्र तक एक साधारण पाठ को पढ़ने में बच्चे की अक्षमता के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है?

(A) 7

(B) 9

(D) 12

:- being unable to read and understand a simple text by age 10. 10 साल की उम्र तक एक साधारण पाठ को पढ़ने और समझने में असमर्थ होना।

7. Kwar Hydro-electric project, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?

(A) Arunachal Pradesh

(B) Jammu and Kashmir

(D) Gujarat

(B) Jammu and Kashmir

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved the 540-megawatt Kwar hydroelectric project on the Chenab in Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Kwar project will be implemented by Chenab Valley Power Projects Private Ltd (CVPPL), a joint venture company between NHPC Ltd and Jammu & Kashmir State Power Development Corporation (JKSPDC).

8. Which of the following university has topped under the Engineering and Technology category in the 12th edition of the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022?

(A) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States

(B) Harvard University, United States

(D) University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

(A) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States

The "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022" was released the 12th edition by global higher education think-tank QS Quacquarelli Symonds.

The QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022 cover a total of 51 disciplines, grouped into five broad subject areas.

(1) Arts & Humanities

(2) Engineering and Technology

(3) Life Sciences & Medicine

(4) Natural Sciences

(5) Social Sciences & Management

Arts and Humanities :- University of Oxford (UK) (1st)

Engineering and Technology :- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) (1st)

Life Sciences & Medicine :- Harvard University (USA) (1st)

Natural Sciences :- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (USA) (1st)

Social Sciences & Management :- Harvard University (USA) (1st)

:- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was ranked first in 12 categories.

Indian Institute :- Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)-Bombay ranked 65th and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Delhi ranked 72nd, are the only Indian institutes to be featured among the top 100 ranks under the Engineering and Technology category. IIT Bombay has scored 79.9 and IIT Delhi has scored 78.9.

Top 3 QS World University Rankings 2022

(1) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

(2) The University of Oxford

(3) Stanford University & the University of Cambridge

9. Which state's power generation company recently partnered with National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) to set up a 2,500 megawatt (MW) ultra-mega solar park? किस राज्य की बिजली उत्पादन कंपनी ने हाल ही में 2,500 मेगावाट अल्ट्रा-मेगा सौर पार्क स्थापित करने के लिए राष्ट्रीय ताप विद्युत निगम (एनटीपीसी) के साथ भागीदारी की है?

(A) Maharashtra

(B) Tamil Nadu

(D) Uttar Pradesh

(A) Maharashtra

The Maharashtra State Power Generation Company (MAHAGENCO) and National Thermal Power Corporation will form a joint venture to set up an "ultra-mega solar park" in the state to generate 2,500 MW green power.

10. India's first portable solar rooftop system was inaugurated at Swaminarayan Akshardham temple complex in _______. भारत के पहले पोर्टेबल सोलर रूफटॉप सिस्टम का उद्घाटन _______ में स्वामीनारायण अक्षरधाम मंदिर परिसर में किया गया।

(A) Gandhinagar, Gujarat

(B) Gya, Bihar

(D) Varanasi, Uttrar Pradesh

(A) Gandhinagar, Gujarat

11. Which village has become the nation's first carbon neutral panchayat fully powered by solar energy? कौन-सा गांव पूरी तरह सौर ऊर्जा से संचालित देश का पहला कार्बन न्यूट्रल पंचायत बन गया है?

(A) Palli, Jammu & Kashmir

(B) Amreli, Gujarat

(D) Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh

(A) Palli, Jammu & Kashmir

Palli village in Jammu’s Samba district has become the country’s first panchayat to become carbon neutral, fully powered by solar energy. Inaugurating the 500 KW solar plant at the country’s first carbon-neutral panchayat.

Additional Points :-

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has named Sir David Attenborough, English natural history broadcaster and naturalist, as the recipient of the Champions of the Earth Award 2021 under the Lifetime Achievement category.

(United Nations Environment Programme)

Founder :- Maurice Strong

Head :- Inger Andersen

Headquarters :- Nairobi, Kenya.

Founded :- 5 June 1972, Nairobi, Kenya

English Language Day is annually celebrated by the United Nations on 23 April.

International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is observed every year on April 26.

International Girls in ICT Day is marked annually on the fourth Thursday in April. This year International Girls in ICT Day is observed on 28th April 2022. This year’s theme is access and safety.

(Mock TEST 35) (6 MCQs)

1. National Digital Library of India is developed, operated and maintained from _______. भारत की राष्ट्रीय डिजिटल लाइब्रेरी _______ से विकसित, संचालित और अनुरक्षित है।

(A) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

(B) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

(D) Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

:- Provides a host of services containing textbooks, articles, videos, audio books, lectures, fiction and all other kinds of learning media for the learners/users community.

:- It is a project under Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT).

Headquarters :- Kharagpur

:- The Library was launched in pilot form in May 2016.

:- The Library was dedicated to the nation on June 19, 2018, by former union human resource minister Prakash Javadekar.

:- The NDLI provides free of cost access to many books in the Indian languages and English.

2. Which type of evaluation is more suitable at the early stage of development of the program? विकास के प्रारंभिक चरण में किस प्रकार का मूल्यांकन अधिक उपयुक्त है?

(A) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(B) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Interim assessment अंतरिम मूल्यांकन

(A) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

In Formative evaluation, evaluation occurs informally during instructions. रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन में, मूल्यांकन अनौपचारिक रूप से निर्देशों के दौरान होता है।

:- It is also known as internal evaluation. इसे आंतरिक मूल्यांकन के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।

:- It takes place during the program. यह कार्यक्रम के दौरान होता है।

:- The main aim is to identify the main learning error.

:- Also, provide feedback after every successive evaluation.

:- It is more applicable in the early stage of development. यह विकास के प्रारंभिक चरण में अधिक लागू है।

:- It helps to improve the program. यह कार्यक्रम को बेहतर बनाने में मदद करता है।

:- This kind of evaluation provides the evaluation for making the instructions and remedies more effective. इस तरह का मूल्यांकन निर्देशों और उपायों को अधिक प्रभावी बनाने के लिए मूल्यांकन प्रदान करता है।

:- The evaluation is always done on the same criterion for all. मूल्यांकन हमेशा सभी के लिए एक ही मानदंड पर किया जाता है।

Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन :- It is done at the end of the program. यह कार्यक्रम के अंत में किया जाता है।

3. EndNote, Zotero and Mendeley are instances of _______. एंडनोट, ज़ोटेरो और मेंडेली किसके उदाहरण हैं?

(A) Referencing tools संदर्भ उपकरण

(B) Data analysis tools डेटा विश्लेषण उपकरण

(D) Online library ऑनलाइन पुस्तकालय

(A) Referencing tools संदर्भ उपकरण

Referencing tools are software that are handy to organize and format references so that they can be easily incorporated in essays, research papers, dissertations and PhD thesis. संदर्भ उपकरण ऐसे सॉफ़्टवेयर हैं जो संदर्भों को व्यवस्थित और प्रारूपित करने में आसान होते हैं ताकि उन्हें निबंध, शोध पत्र, शोध प्रबंध और पीएचडी शोध प्रबंध में आसानी से शामिल किया जा सके।

4. National e-Governance Plan was launched by _______. राष्ट्रीय ई-गवर्नेंस योजना किसके द्वारा शुरू की गई थी?

(A) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

(B) NITI Ayog

(D) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

(A) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय

The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) is an initiative of the Government of India to make all government services available to the citizens of India via electronic media. NeGP was formulated by the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) and Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG).

The Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects and 8 components, on May 18, 2006. In the year 2011, 4 projects were introduced to make the list of 27 MMPs to 31 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs).

Headquarters :- New Delhi

Formation :- May 18, 2006

5. Which of the following is /are not 7Cs of presentation?

(1) Clarity स्पष्टता

(2) Correctness शुद्धता

(3) Courtesy शिष्टाचार

(4) Collectiveness सामूहिकता

(5) Compose रचना

(6) consideration विचार

(7) completeness पूर्णता

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 4 & 5

(D) 3-4-5

(B) 4 & 5

To have effective communication, one should keep the following 7 C’s of communication in mind :-

(1) clarity स्पष्टता

(2) correctness शुद्धता

(3) conciseness संक्षिप्तता

(4) courtesy शिष्टाचार

(5) concreteness स्थूलता

(6) consideration विचार

(7) completeness पूर्णता

6. The Environment (protection) Act 1986 was the result of India's commitment, to take appropriate action for the protection and improvement of environment, at the :- पर्यावरण (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1986 पर्यावरण के संरक्षण और सुधार के लिए उचित कार्रवाई करने की भारत की प्रतिबद्धता का परिणाम था :-

(A) 1985 Vienna convention for protection of ozone layer

(B) Convention on long range trans boundary air pollution, 1983

(D) United Nation‘s Conference on the human environment, Stockholm, 1972

:- The Environmental (protection) Act (EPA) was passed in 1986 to ensure environmental protection and enhancement.

:- The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) was held in 1972 to address environmental and sustainable development challenges.

:- The UNCHE, also known as the Stockholm Conference, established a link between environmental conservation and long-term development.

:- The Stockholm Conference also yielded concrete suggestions on how governments should collaborate to protect the environment. स्टॉकहोम सम्मेलन में इस बात पर भी ठोस सुझाव मिले कि पर्यावरण की रक्षा के लिए सरकारों को किस प्रकार सहयोग करना चाहिए।

:- Another result of the meeting was the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June.

(Mock TEST 36) (8 MCQs)

1. The Indian council of Social Science Research was established for :- भारतीय सामाजिक विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद की स्थापना किसके लिए की गई थी?

(1) strengthening different disciplines विभिन्न विषयों को मजबूत करने के लिए

(2) promoting researches in social science सामाजिक विज्ञान में शोध को बढ़ावा देने के लिए

(3) enhancing quality of social science as a discipline एक विषय के रूप में सामाजिक विज्ञान की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाने के लिए

(4) providing a platform for discussion on social scientists’ concerns सामाजिक वैज्ञानिकों की चिंताओं पर चर्चा के लिए एक मंच प्रदान करने के लिए

(5) supporting seminars and conferences organized by Universities विश्वविद्यालयों द्वारा आयोजित संगोष्ठियों और सम्मेलनों का समर्थन करने के लिए

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) Only 2 & 3

(D) 1-2-3

(B) Only 2 & 3

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established in the year of 1969 by the Government of India to promote research in social sciences in the country.

:- It was established in New Delhi in 1969.

ICSSR provide grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, survey, publications etc. to promote research in social sciences in India.

Documentation center of ICSSR - National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC) - provides library and information support services to researchers in social sciences.

One of the major activities of the ICSSR is the following :-

:- To promote research in the social sciences.सामाजिक विज्ञान में अनुसंधान को बढ़ावा देना।

:- Examine the status of social science research and offer guidance सामाजिक विज्ञान अनुसंधान की स्थिति की जांच करना और मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करना

:- Identifying the areas where social science research should be fostered उन क्षेत्रों की पहचान करना जहां सामाजिक विज्ञान अनुसंधान को बढ़ावा दिया जाना चाहिए

:- Sponsor social science research initiatives and programs प्रायोजक सामाजिक विज्ञान अनुसंधान पहल और कार्यक्रम

:- Enhancing the quality of social science as a discipline एक विषय के रूप में सामाजिक विज्ञान की गुणवत्ता को बढ़ाना

:- Scholarships and fellowships for social science research are established and administered. सामाजिक विज्ञान अनुसंधान के लिए छात्रवृत्तियां और अध्येतावृत्ति स्थापित और प्रशासित की जाती हैं।

2. For maintenance of standards of teaching examination and research and coordination of University Education which of the following section of UGC act should be referred to? शिक्षण परीक्षण और अनुसंधान के मानकों के रखरखाव और विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा के समन्वय के लिए यूजीसी अधिनियम के निम्नलिखित में से किस खंड को संदर्भित किया जाना चाहिए?

(A) Section 28

(B) Section 25

(D) Section 12

3. Which of the following group of statements in the context of Information Technology (IT) is correct? सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी (आईटी) के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन समूह सही है?

(1) Mouse, Keyboard, and Plotter are all input devices.

(2) Unix, Windows, and Linux are all operating systems.

(3) Register, Cache Memory, and Hard Disk are all memory modules.

(4) Monitor, Printer, and Scanner are all output devices.

Code :-

(A) Only 2 & 3

(B) All of these

(D) 1-2-3

(A) Only 2 & 3

4. Which of the following statements about blog in network communication is True? नेटवर्क संचार में ब्लॉग के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सत्य है?

(A) The content of a blog can be edited by anyone.

(B) A blog is a synchronous communication system that allows people to chat in realtime.

(D) blog is a history of web pages that you have visited, maintained by an ISP.

Blogs are easily created, updatable Web pages that people can use to share their opinions on a particular topic.

blog :- short for "web log" with the most recent posts at the top.

:- usually maintained by an individual

:- It's a platform where a writer or a group of authors may express their thoughts on a specific topic.

:- The content of a blog can only be edited by the person who has created the contents of the blog. The viewer can only express his views through comments in the comment box of the blog.

:- No real-time chats are possible in the blogs.

5. The NEP 2020 prioritizes the increase in the GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in preschool to secondary level by 100% by the year _______. NEP 2020 प्री-स्कूल से माध्यमिक स्तर तक GER (सकल नामांकन अनुपात) में किस वर्ष तक 100% की वृद्धि को प्राथमिकता देता है?

(A) 2025

(B) 2030

(D) 2040

(B) 2030

On July 29, 2020, the Government of India announced the New National Education Policy 2020.

6. Which level of teaching is also designated as "exploratory understanding"? किस स्तर के शिक्षण को "खोजपूर्ण समझ" के रूप में भी नामित किया जाता है?

(A) Memory level स्मृति स्तर

(B) Understanding level समझ या बोध स्तर

(D) Autonomous development level स्वायत्त विकास स्तर

7. Which virus is responsible for COVID-19? COVID-19 के लिए कौन-सा वायरस जिम्मेदार है?

(A) SARS-Cov-2

(B) TB-Cov-2

(D) H2N2

(E) H1N1

(A) SARS-Cov-2

8. As per the recommendation of NEP 2020, every teacher and head teacher is expected to participate in at least _______ hours of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) opportunities every year for their own professional development, driven by their own interests. एनईपी 2020 की सिफारिश के अनुसार, प्रत्येक शिक्षक और प्रधान शिक्षक से अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वे अपने स्वयं के व्यावसायिक विकास के लिए हर साल कम से कम कितने घंटे सतत व्यावसायिक विकास (सीपीडी) के अवसरों में भाग लें, जो उनके अपने हितों से प्रेरित हो।

(A) 25 hours

(B) 50 hours

(D) 125 hours

(B) 50 hours

(Mock TEST 37) (7 Current Affairs 2022)

1. When is World Wildlife Day observed? विश्व वन्यजीव दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 1st March

(B) 3rd March

(D) 1st April

(B) 3rd March

World Wildlife Day is observed across the globe on March 3, 2022. The day aims to celebrate and raise awareness of the world’s wild animals and plants. The 2022 theme of the World Wildlife Day is “Recovering key species for ecosystem restoration” "पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की बहाली के लिए प्रमुख प्रजातियों को पुनर्प्राप्त करना".

World Wildlife Day 2021 theme is "Forests and Livelihoods : Sustaining People and Planet.” "वन और आजीविका : लोगों और ग्रह को बनाए रखना"

2. Which among the following is Europe’s largest nuclear power plant? निम्नलिखित में से कौन यूरोप का सबसे बड़ा परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र है?

(A) Zaporizhzhia

(B) Cernavodă

(D) Khmelnytskyi

(A) Zaporizhzhia

The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station in southeastern Ukraine is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and among the 10 largest in the world.

The Russians captured the nuclear power plant on March 4, 2022 after intense fighting.

3. When is National Science Day observed? राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 1st March

(B) 1st February

(D) 25th February

National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman on 28 February 1928. For his discovery, Sir C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. The day aims to recognize the contributions of scientists, whose discoveries have helped the country in marking its place in the world. To give an opportunity to the scientific minded citizens in India. To encourage the people as well as popularize science and technology.

In 1986, the National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) asked the Government of India to designate February 28 as National Science Day. The event is now celebrated all over India in schools, colleges, universities and other academic, scientific, technical, medical and research institutions.

The theme of the year 1999 was “Our Changing Earth”.

The theme for NSD of the year 2022 is "Integrated Approach in S&T for Sustainable Future". "सतत भविष्य के लिए विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी में एकीकृत दृष्टिकोण"

4. When is the International Day of Forests observed? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय वन दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 21st March

(B) 23rd March

(D) 13th March

(A) 21st March

The International Day of Forests was established on the 21st day of March, by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on November 28, 2013. Each year, various events celebrate and raise awareness of the importance of all types of forests, and trees outside forests, for the benefit of current and future generations.

:- International Day of Forests was observed for the first time on March 21, 2013.

The theme of International Forest Day for 2021 is "Forest restoration: a path to recovery and well-being". "वन बहाली : पुनर्प्राप्ति और कल्याण का मार्ग"

The theme for 2022 is "Forests and sustainable production and consumption." "वन और सतत उत्पादन और खपत"

5. When is World Water Day observed? विश्व जल दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 21st March

(B) 22nd March

(D) 28th March

(B) 22nd March

World Water Day is an annual United Nations (UN) observance day held on 22 March that highlights the importance of fresh water. The United Nations began observing World Water Day since 1993. The main focus of World Water Day is to enable the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 : water and sanitation for all by 2030.

The theme for 2021 was "Valuing Water". "पानी का महत्व"

In 2020, the theme was "Water and Climate Change". "जल और जलवायु परिवर्तन"

This day was first formally proposed in Agenda 21 of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. In December 1992, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution by which 22 March of each year was declared World Day for Water.

In 1993, the first World Water Day was observed.

Theme 2022 : – Groundwater, Making the Invisible Visible भूजल, अदृश्य को दृश्यमान बनाना

Groundwater is the largest source of freshwater on earth.

6. The World Water Day 2022 theme focusses on which among the following freshwater sources?

(A) Glaciers ग्लेशियर

(B) Reservoirs जलाशय

(D) Groundwater भूजल

The World Water Day 2022 Theme is “Groundwater : Making the Invisible Visible”. The groundwater is the largest source of fresh and usable water in the world.

7. Which Indian city is ranked as the second noisiest city in the world? किस भारतीय शहर को दुनिया के दूसरे सबसे शोर वाले शहर के रूप में स्थान दिया गया है?

(A) Moradabad

(B) Asansol

(D) Kolkata

(A) Moradabad

UP’s Moradabad world’s 2nd noisiest city on UN list.

According to WHO guidelines, the admissible noise level limits are 55 decibels. The major industrial city of Moradabad recorded a noise level of 114 decibels.

The UN report titled "Frontiers 2022 : Noise, Blazes and Mismatches", measured noise levels in 61 cities of the world.

Bangladesh’s capital Dhaka topped the list with a noise level of 119 decibels (dB). Pakistan’s capital city Islamabad was placed on the third spot, where noise pollution level has been recorded at 105 dB.

Five cities Indian cities have been ranked among the world's noisiest cities including New Delhi, Kolkata, Jaipur, Asansol and Moradabad.

Q. When was National Vaccination Day 2022 observed in India? भारत में राष्ट्रीय टीकाकरण दिवस 2022 कब मनाया गया?

16th March

(Mock TEST 38) (5 MCQs)

1. Mark the Correct Statement/s about State of India’s Environment Report, 2022.

(1) In 2021, India ranked 117 among 192 nations.

(2) Kerala ranked first, followed by Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh in the second position.

(3) As per report, India is now behind all south Asian nations except Pakistan, which stands at 129. रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, भारत अब पाकिस्तान को छोड़कर सभी दक्षिण एशियाई देशों से पीछे है, जो 129वें स्थान पर है।

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) Only 2

(D) Only 1 & 2

(A) 1-2-3

(Correct Statements)

(1) In 2021, India ranked 117 among 192 nations.

(2) Kerala ranked first, followed by Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh in the second position.

(3) As per report, India is now behind all south Asian nations except Pakistan, which stands at 129. The south Asian countries ahead of India are Bhutan ranked at (75), Sri Lanka (87), Nepal (96) and Bangladesh (109).

State of India’s Environment Report, 2022

:- Center for Science and Environment has released the 9th edition of the State of India’s Environment Report at the Anil Agarwal Dialogue 2022 recently, a national conclave of media persons organized by Delhi-based non-profit, Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).

:- CSE (Center for Science and Environment) is a public interest research and advocacy organization based in New Delhi. CSE (सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट) नई दिल्ली में स्थित एक जनहित अनुसंधान और वकालत संगठन है।

:- This is an annual publication of the Center for Science and Environment and Down To Earth, that focuses on climate change, migration, health and food systems.

:- It also covers biodiversity, forest and wildlife, energy, industry, habitat, pollution, waste, agriculture and rural development.

:- When it comes to provision of drinking water, the target is to provide safe piped drinking water to all by 2022-23; only 45 per cent of the target has been achieved.

:- With respect to increasing the forest cover, the target is to increase it to 33.3 percent of the geographical area, as envisaged in the National Forest Policy, 1988. By 2019, 21.67 per cent of India was under forest cover.

:- Under the Energy sector, the target is to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy generation capacity by 2022. Only 56 per cent of this target has been achieved thus far.

:- Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are below the national average in 11 and 14 SDGs, respectively whereas Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh fared best.

:- With respect to SDG 1 (poverty eradication), six of the poorest performers include Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

:- All these states — along with Meghalaya, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra and West Bengal — also feature in the list of worst performers as far as ending hunger and malnutrition is concerned (SDG 2).

:- In water and sanitation (SDG 6), the performance of Delhi, Rajasthan, Assam, Punjab and Arunachal Pradesh is a cause for concern.

SDG 7 — related to clean and affordable energy — has seen an above average performance, with most states achieving the target.

:- In climate action (SDG 13), 13 states and two Union territories score below the national average. Odisha tops the good performance chart, followed by Kerala, Jharkhand and Bihar bring up the rear.

:- the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), released the State of India’s Environment Report 2022.

Q. What was India’s Performance on Sustainable Development Goals?

:- India has slipped three spots to rank 120 on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted as a part of the 2030 agenda by 192 United Nations member states in 2015.

:- In 2021, India ranked 117 among 192 nations.

:- India’s overall SDG score was 66 out of 100.

Q. How did the Indian States Perform?

:- Jharkhand and Bihar are the least prepared to meet the SDGs by the target year 2030.

:- Kerala ranked first, followed by Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh in the second position.

:- The third position was shared by Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

:- Among the Union Territories, Chandigarh was ranked first, followed by Delhi, Lakshadweep and Puducherry in the second place and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the third.

:- The report was released in Nimli, Rajasthan March 1, 2022, by Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bhupender Yadav.

Employment :- The target is to increase the female labour force participation rate to at least 30 per cent by 2022-23; it stood at 17.3 per cent in January-March 2020.

Housing :- The targets are to construct 29.5 million housing units under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)-Rural and 12 million units under PMAY-Urban; only about 46.8 per cent and 38 per cent respectively of the targets under "Housing for All" have been achieved.

:- In September 2015, the General Assembly of the United Nation adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world :-

GOAL 1 :- No Poverty

GOAL 2 :- Zero Hunger

GOAL 3 :- Good Health and Well-being

GOAL 4 :- Quality Education

GOAL 5 :- Gender Equality

GOAL 6 :- Clean Water and Sanitation

GOAL 7 :- Affordable and Clean Energy

GOAL 8 :- Decent Work and Economic Growth

GOAL 9 :- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

GOAL 10 :- Reduced Inequality

GOAL 11 :- Sustainable Cities and Communities

GOAL 12 :- Responsible Consumption and Production

GOAL 13 :- Climate Action

GOAL 14 :- Life Below Water

GOAL 15 :- Life on Land

GOAL 16 :- Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

GOAL 17 :- Partnerships to Achieve the Goal

2. Which state/UT government recently announced to set up a "Science Innovation Hub" in city school to promote science culture among students? किस राज्य/केंद्र शासित प्रदेश की सरकार ने हाल ही में छात्रों के बीच विज्ञान संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देने के लिए शहर के स्कूल में "साइंस इनोवेशन हब" स्थापित करने की घोषणा की है?

(A) Delhi

(B) Chandigarh

(D) Tamil Nadu

(A) Delhi

3. In March 2022, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M K Stalin has inaugurated India’s largest floating solar power plant in _______. मार्च 2022 में, तमिलनाडु के मुख्यमंत्री एम के स्टालिन ने _______ में भारत के सबसे बड़े तैरते सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र का उद्घाटन किया।

(A) Tirunelveli

(B) Tiruchirapalli

(D) Thoothukudi

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M K Stalin has inaugurated India’s largest floating solar power plant constructed at a cost of Rs 150.4 crores. The floating plant is established in Southern Petrochemicals Industries Corporation Limited (SPIC) factory at Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu to provide clean energy.

The floating power plant has the capacity to produce 42 million units of electricity per annum.

4. In March 2022, _______ became the first city in South Asia to set a target of "zero out carbon emissions by 2050". मार्च 2022 में, _______ "2050 तक शून्य कार्बन उत्सर्जन" का लक्ष्य निर्धारित करने वाला दक्षिण एशिया का पहला शहर बन गया।

(A) Mumbai, India

(B) Jakarta, Indonesia

(D) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

(A) Mumbai, India

Mumbai, Maharashtra announced its detailed framework to "zero out carbon emissions by 2050" and became the first city in South Asia to set such a target. Mumbai’s target is 20 years ahead of India’s target to reach net zero emissions by 2070. Targets also include a 30% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 and 44% reduction by 2040.

5. In which Institute India's 1st Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Technology Park (ARTPARK) was launched? भारत का पहला आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस एंड रोबोटिक्स टेक्नोलॉजी पार्क (ARTPARK) किस संस्थान में लॉन्च किया गया था?

(A) IISc Bengaluru

(B) IIT Delhi

(D) IIT Pune

(A) IISc Bengaluru

The country’s first Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Technology Park (ARTPARK) was launched in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It is promoted by a not-for-profit foundation set up by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru, with a seed capital of Rs. 230 crore from the State and Central governments.

(Mock TEST 39) (6 MCQs)

1. Mark the Correct Statement/s about World Air Quality Report 2021.

(1) It was released by the IQAir, a Swiss group.

(2) New Delhi continues to be the world's most polluted capital city for the fourth consecutive year. नई दिल्ली लगातार चौथे वर्ष दुनिया की सबसे प्रदूषित राजधानी बनी हुई है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

Top five polluted cities in the world

(1) Delhi

(2) Dhaka

(3) N'Djamena

(4) Dushanbe

(5) Muscat

:- Bangladesh was the most polluted country, followed by Chad, Pakistan and Tajikistan. India was the fifth most polluted country.

:- Air pollution is now considered to be the world's largest environmental health threat, accounting for seven million deaths around the world every year.

:- Air pollution causes and aggravates many diseases, ranging from asthma to cancer, lung illnesses and heart disease.

:- It is estimated that in 2021, the deaths of 40,000 children under the age of five were directly linked to PM2.5 air pollution.

:- Major sources of air pollution in India include vehicular emissions, power generation, industrial waste, biomass combustion for cooking, the construction sector, and episodic events like crop burning.

In 2019, India's Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) enacted the National Clean Air Program (NCAP).

Q. What are Initiatives taken by India for Controlling Air Pollution? वायु प्रदूषण को नियंत्रित करने के लिए भारत द्वारा क्या पहल की गई हैं?

:- System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR) Portal

:- Air Quality Index - AQI has been developed for eight pollutants viz. PM2.5, PM10, Ammonia, Lead, nitrogen oxides, Sulphur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide.

:- Graded Response Action Plan

:- For Reducing Vehicular Pollution

BS-VI Vehicles,

Push for Electric Vehicles (EVs),

Odd-Even Policy as an emergency measure

:- New Commission for Air Quality Management वायु गुणवत्ता प्रबंधन के लिए नया आयोग

:- Subsidy to farmers for buying Turbo Happy Seeder (THS) Machine

2. Consider the following :- निम्नलिखित को धयान मे रखते हुए :-

(1) Carbon dioxide

(2) Oxides of Nitrogen

(3) Oxides of Sulphur

Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants? उपरोक्त में से कौन-सा/से ताप विद्युत संयंत्रों में कोयले के दहन से/उत्सर्जन/उत्सर्जन है/हैं?

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) 2 & 3 only

(D) 1, 2 & 3

A thermal power station is a type of power station in which heat energy is converted to electrical energy. Thermal power plants converts the heat energy of primary fuels such as coal, to the electric power.

The main emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants are carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and airborne inorganic particles such as fly ash and soot; CO2, methane, and CFCs are greenhouse gases.

3. American computer scientist Steve Wilhite passed away. Which of the following was invented by Steve Wilhite in 1987? अमेरिकी कंप्यूटर वैज्ञानिक स्टीव विल्हाइट का निधन हो गया। निम्नलिखित में से किसका आविष्कार स्टीव विल्हाइट ने 1987 में किया था?

(A) Fortran

(B) Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

(D) Linux

(B) Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

:- is a bitmap image format

:- An animated GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) file is a graphic image on a Web page that moves.

:- GIF image files are commonly used on the web to display graphics and logos.

4. The Global Center of Excellence in Affordable and Clean energy was recently launched at _______. किफायती और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा में वैश्विक उत्कृष्टता केंद्र हाल ही में _______ में लॉन्च किया गया था।

(A) IIT Dharwad

(B) IIT Delhi

(D) IISc Bengaluru

(A) IIT Dharwad

The center will enhance the research in affordable and clean energy. केंद्र सस्ती और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा में अनुसंधान को बढ़ावा देगा।

5. Who has been appointed as the new chairperson of the University Grants Commission (UGC) in 2022 for the period of five years? 2022 में पांच साल की अवधि के लिए विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (यूजीसी) के नए अध्यक्ष के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

(A) Nitin R Karmalkar

(B) Jagadesh Kumar

(D) D P Singh

(B) Jagadesh Kumar

Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Vice-Chancellor Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar was appointed chairperson of the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Prof D P Singh the former UGC Chairman, who resigned in December 2021.

6. Which state signed an MoU (Memorandum of understanding) with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to support "Majhi Vasundhara" campaign, initiative to implement climate change actions? किस राज्य ने "माझी वसुंधरा" अभियान, जलवायु परिवर्तन कार्यों को लागू करने की पहल का समर्थन करने के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्र पर्यावरण कार्यक्रम (यूएनईपी) के साथ एक समझौता ज्ञापन पर हस्ताक्षर किए?

(A) Madhya Pradesh

(B) West Bengal

(D) Maharashtra

:- It is an initiative towards sustainable use of energy and environmental development. यह ऊर्जा के सतत उपयोग और पर्यावरण विकास की दिशा में एक पहल है।

:- The literal meaning of "Majhi Vasundhara" is "My Earth". It is an initiative of the Environment and Climate Change Department, Government of Maharashtra.

:- Majhi Vasundhara’ is an initiative of the Government of Maharashtra’s Environment and Climate Change Department to empower citizens with knowledge on the impacts of climate change and environmental issues and to encourage them to make a conscious effort towards improvement of the environment.

(Mock TEST 40) (5 MCQs)

1. With reference to the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA), which of the following statements is/are correct? इंडियन रिन्यूएबल एनर्जी डेवलपमेंट एजेंसी लिमिटेड (IREDA) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

(1) It is a Public Limited Government Company.

(2) It is a Non-Banking Financial Company. यह एक गैर-बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनी है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Both

(D) None

(B) Both

(Correct Statements)

(1) It is a Public Limited Government Company.

(2) It is a Non-Banking Financial Company. यह एक गैर-बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनी है।

IREDA is a Public Limited Government Company established as a Non-Banking Financial Institution in 1987 engaged in promoting, developing and extending financial assistance for setting up projects relating to new and renewable sources of energy and energy efficiency/conservation with the motto :- “ENERGY FOR EVER”.

:- IREDA has been notified as a “Public Financial Institution” under section 4 "A" of the Companies Act, 1956 and registered as Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) with Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

:- To give financial support to specific projects and schemes for generating electricity and / or energy through new and renewable sources and conserving energy through energy efficiency.

:- In May 2021, IREDA was conferred with the “Green Urja Award”.

:- In 2015, it was awarded the status of “Mini Ratna” (Category - I) by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

:- IREDA headquarters are located in New Delhi.

Q. What is the full form of IREDA?

IREDA stands for Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency.

Q. What is the role of IREDA in the renewable energy sector?

The main role of IREDA is to provide financial assistance to schemes and projects with an innovative approach to producing energy using new and renewable resources, ensuring conservation of energy.

Q. Which is the nodal Ministry for IREDA?

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry for the management of IREDA.

2. Who became the 1st woman Vice-Chancellor (VC) of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) for a 5 years term? 5 साल के कार्यकाल के लिए जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय (JNU) की पहली महिला कुलपति (VC) कौन बनीं है?

(A) Meena Rajiv Chandawarkar

(B) Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit

(D) Najma Akhtar

(B) Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit

:- The Ministry of Education (MoE) has appointed Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit as the new Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). She is the first women Vice-Chancellor of JNU. The 59-year-old Pandit has been appointed for a period of five years.

:- Pandit replaces M Jagadesh Kumar, who has been appointed as Chairman of the University Grants Commission (UGC). Before this appointment, Pandit was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of Savitribai Phule University in Maharashtra.

:- She was appointed by President Ram Nath Kovind, who is the University’s Visitor.

:- In 2019, Najma Akhtar became the first female vice-chancellor of a central university in Delhi when she was appointed as V-C of Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI). She is also the first woman to take this charge in the university’s 99-year history.

3. Who got appointed as the new Director of NCERT of 5 years by succeeding Hrushikesh Senapaty? हृषिकेश सेनापति की जगह 5 साल के एनसीईआरटी के नए निदेशक के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया?

(A) Dinesh Prasad Saklani

(B) Anita Karwal

(D) Yogesh Singh

(A) Dinesh Prasad Saklani

Professor Dinesh Prasad Saklani has been appointed as the new Director of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). He has replaced Hrushikesh Senapaty, who finished his term a year ago.

NCERT Headquarters :- New Delhi

NCERT Founder :- Government of India

NCERT Founded :- 1961

:- Vineet Joshi takes charge as new CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) chairperson

4. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) & NITI Aayog have partnered with which of the following organization to launch the Community Innovator Fellowship (CIF)? अटल इनोवेशन मिशन (AIM) और NITI Aayog ने कम्युनिटी इनोवेटर फेलोशिप (CIF) लॉन्च करने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से किस संगठन के साथ भागीदारी की है?

(A) World Bank

(B) UNDP

(D) UNICEF

(B) UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog in collaboration with UNDP, India launched the Community Innovator Fellowship (CIF) marking the “International Day of Women & Girls in Science”.

Vice Chairman :- NITI Aayog Dr. Rajiv Kumar

CEO :- NITI Aayog Amitabh Kant

Mission Director Atal Innovation Mission NITI Aayog :- Dr. Chintan Vaishnav

:- India’s 1st Atal Community Innovation Center (ACIC) was inaugurated at Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur (VGU). It will be the first centre in the country to be set up by the Government of India, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and NITI Aayog.

(International Day of Women and Girls in Science)

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is an annual observance adopted by the United Nations General Assembly to promote the full and equal access and participation of females in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics fields.

:- celebrated on 11 February

:- The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is implemented annually by (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in collaboration with UN Women.

:- achieve gender equality and female empowerment

:- it is essential to promote the full and equal access of females to participate in science, technology and innovation

:- The theme for 2022 International Day of Women and Girls in Science this year is "Equity, Diversity and Inclusion : Water Unites Us". "समानता, विविधता और समावेश : जल हमें एकजुट करता है"

Theme 2021 :- Beyond the Borders : Equality in Science for Society बियॉन्ड द बॉर्डर्स : समाज के लिए विज्ञान में समानता

:- The two key United Nations organizations responsible for the International Day of Women and Girls in Science are UNESCO and UN Women.

Promote SDGs Goal 4 :- Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all समावेशी और समान गुणवत्ता वाली शिक्षा सुनिश्चित करना और सभी के लिए आजीवन सीखने के अवसरों को बढ़ावा देना

:- By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education (education for people above school age, including college, university, and vocational courses.), including university

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) :- is a United Nations organization to helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.

:- Headquartered in New York City

Formation :- 22 November 1965

5. Which company become a 100% plastic waste neutral company in India? कौन सी कंपनी भारत में 100% प्लास्टिक वेस्ट न्यूट्रल कंपनी बन गई है?

(A) Cipla

(B) Dabur

(D) Amul

(B) Dabur

Dabur Becomes India's First "Plastic Waste Neutral" Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) Company, Recycles 100% Plastic Sold As Product Packaging

Plastic Waste Neutral :- processes and recycles the same amount of plastic waste that Dabur sells in its product packaging in a year.

:- Dabur has also announced the launch of a new "Save the Environment" campaign in Himachal Pradesh to create awareness within communities on managing plastic waste within their households.

(Mock TEST 41) (8 MCQs)

1. What is full form QR code?

(A) Quick Response

(B) Quick Reader

(D) Quality Record

(A) Quick Response

The QR code system was invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara from the Japanese company Denso Wave.

2. _______ is the traditional term for ancient collection of Buddhist sacred scriptures. _______ बौद्ध पवित्र ग्रंथों के प्राचीन संग्रह के लिए पारंपरिक शब्द है।

(A) Dukkha

(B) Nidānas

(D) Tripiṭaka

meaning :- Triple Basket

Tripiṭaka (Sanskrit :- त्रिपिटक), or Tipiṭaka (Pāli), means "Three Baskets". It is a compound Sanskrit word of tri (त्रि) or Pāli word ti, meaning "three", and piṭaka (पिटक) or piṭa (पिट), meaning "basket".

3. Kigali amendment is related to :-

(A) Reduce the use of Greenhouse gases

(B) Reduce the use of Chemical fertilizers

(D) Reduce the use of Plastic Products

:- The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement.

:- It aims to gradually reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

4. A teacher intends to find out the learning difficulties of students. Which of the following tests can be used? एक शिक्षक छात्रों की सीखने की कठिनाइयों का पता लगाने का इरादा रखता है। निम्नलिखित में से किस परीक्षण का उपयोग इसके लिए किया जा सकता है?

(A) Summative Test योगात्मक परीक्षण

(B) Formative Test रचनात्मक परीक्षण

(D) Diagnostic Test नैदानिक परीक्षण

5. Match the following.

(a) Classical conditioning (1) Albert Bandura

(b) Operant conditioning (2) Jean Piaget

(d) Constructivism (4) Ivan Pavlov

Code :-

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

(B) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(D) a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

:- Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning.

:- Operant conditioning was first described by behaviorist B.F. Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. संचालक कंडीशनिंग सीखने की एक विधि है जो व्यवहार के लिए पुरस्कार और दंड के माध्यम से होती है।

:- Social learning theory is the philosophy that people can learn from each other through observation and imitation. The concept was theorized by psychologist Albert Bandura.

:- Jean Piaget is known as one of the first theorists in constructivism. His theories indicate that humans create knowledge through the interaction between their experiences and ideas.

6. Which of the following digital initiatives in higher education promotes the Digital-learning Environment for Design? उच्च शिक्षा में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी डिजिटल पहल प्रारूप के लिए डिजिटल-अधिगम पर्यावरण को बढ़ावा देती है?

(A) E-Yantra

(B) E-Vidwan

(D) E-Acharya

:- This project on "Creating Digital-learning Environment for Design" also called "e-kalpa" is sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resources, Government of India as part of the National Mission in Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT).

:- Digital online content for learning Design with distance e-Learning programs on Design

This project presents three initiatives –

:- providing digital online content for design,

:- a social networking environment for design and higher learning

:- and creating a digital resource database on design.

:- This initiative "e-kalpa" was collaboratively developed by the three institutions - Industrial Design Centre (IDC) at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Bombay), National Institute of Design, Bangalore and Department of Design (DoD) at IIT Guwahati along with the support of other design related institutions’ and organizations.

7. The National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) is the fourth National Curriculum Framework published in 2005 by the _______ in India. राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्या की रूपरेखा 2005 (NCF 2005) भारत में _______ द्वारा 2005 में प्रकाशित चौथी राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्या की रूपरेखा है।

(A) NTA

(B) CBSE

(D) NCERT

(D) National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

The National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) is the fourth National Curriculum Framework published in 2005 by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in India. Its predecessors were published in 1975, 1988, 2000.

:- The NCF 2005 serves as a guideline for syllabus, textbooks, and teaching practices for the schools in India.

:- The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous body established by the Indian government in 1961.

:- Its function is to help and advise the central and state governments on policies and programs aimed at improving school education quality.

8. Given below are two statements :- नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं :-

Statement I :- We can gather, disseminate, and exchange all types of information in cyberspace called the internet. हम साइबरस्पेस में सभी प्रकार की सूचनाओं को इकट्ठा, प्रसारित और आदान-प्रदान कर सकते हैं, जिसे इंटरनेट कहा जाता है।

Statement II :- The World Wide Web is an interconnected system of public web pages accessible through the Internet. वर्ल्ड वाइड वेब इंटरनेट के माध्यम से सुलभ सार्वजनिक वेब पेजों की एक इंटरकनेक्टेड प्रणाली है।

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :- उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर का चयन कीजिए :-

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true

(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are false

(D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Cyberspace :- a place that is not real, where electronic messages exist while they are being sent from one computer to another

:- The definition of cyberspace is the environment of the Internet. An example of cyberspace is the home of Google, Yahoo and Facebook.

:- Cyberspace refers to the virtual computer world, and more specifically, an electronic medium that is used to facilitate online communication.

Cyberspace allows users to share information, interact, swap ideas, play games, engage in discussions or social forums, conduct business and among many other activities.

Statement II :- The World Wide Web ("www" or "web" for short) is an interconnected system of public web pages accessible through the Internet. वर्ल्ड वाइड वेब इंटरनेट के माध्यम से सुलभ सार्वजनिक वेब पेजों की एक इंटरकनेक्टेड प्रणाली है।

(Mock TEST 42) (Swayam Prabha) (4 MCQs)

1. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Swayam Prabha? स्वयं प्रभा के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) It is a group of 34 DTH channels devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational programmes on 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. यह 34 डीटीएच चैनलों का एक समूह है जो 24X7 पर उच्च गुणवत्ता वाले शैक्षिक कार्यक्रमों के प्रसारण के लिए समर्पित है।

(2) The channels are uplinked from BISAG-N, Gandhinagar. चैनल बीआईएसएजी-एन, गांधीनगर से अपलिंक किए गए हैं।

(3) The contents are provided by NPTEL, IITs, UGC, CEC, IGNOU.

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) Only 2

(D) Only 3

(A) 1-2-3

(Correct Statements)

(1) It is a group of 34 DTH (Direct-to-home) channels devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational programmes on 24X7. यह 34 डीटीएच चैनलों का एक समूह है जो 24X7 पर उच्च गुणवत्ता वाले शैक्षिक कार्यक्रमों के प्रसारण के लिए समर्पित है।

(2) The channels are uplinked from BISAG-N, Gandhinagar. चैनल बीआईएसएजी-एन, गांधीनगर से अपलिंक किए गए हैं।

:- Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics BISAG (N) is an Autonomous Scientific Society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India.

BISAG (N) has three main domain areas :- satellite communication, geo informatics and geo-spatial technology.

In simple terms, geospatial information is geography and mapping. It is “place based” or “locational” information. There are several examples of geospatial data use. They include Google Maps, weather maps etc.

At present, this infrastructure is being used to telecast 51 educational DTH TV channels which includes 16 channels under "VANDE Gujarat" banner Government of Gujarat, 34 channels under "SWAYAM Prabha" by Ministry of Human Resource Development and "DigiShala" by MeitY on 24x7 basis.

DigiShala :- Educational TV Channel for Digital Payments.

(3) The contents are provided by NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), UGC (University Grants Commission), Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC), Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU).

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is a project of MHRD initiated by seven Indian Institutes of Technology (Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Guwahati and Roorkee) along with the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2003, to provide quality education to anyone interested in learning from the IITs. The main goal was to create web and video courses in all major branches of engineering and physical sciences at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels and management courses at the postgraduate level.

:- NPTEL began offering open online courses in March 2014 along with certificates from the IITs/IISc for those who completed the courses successfully.

2. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Swayam Prabha? स्वयं प्रभा के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) The INFLIBNET Centre maintains the web portal. इनफ्लिबनेट केंद्र वेब पोर्टल का रखरखाव करता है।

(2) The DTH channels are using the GSAT-15 satellite for programme telecasts.

(3) SWAYAM Prabha is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resources Development.

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) Only 2

(D) Only 3

(A) 1-2-3

(Correct Statements)

(1) The INFLIBNET Centre maintains the web portal. इनफ्लिबनेट केंद्र वेब पोर्टल का रखरखाव करता है।

Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre, Gandhinagar is an Autonomous Inter-University Centre (IUC) of University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi (Ministry of Education, Govt. of India). It is a major National Programme initiated by the UGC in March 1991 as a project under the IUCAA (Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), it became an independent Inter-University Centre in June 1996.

:- Information and Library Network a computer communication network for linking libraries and information centres in universities, deemed to be universities, colleges, UGC information centres, institutions of national importance and R & D institutions, etc.

(2) The DTH channels are using the GSAT-15 satellite for programme telecasts.

(3) SWAYAM Prabha is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resources Development.

3. Swayam Prabha Channel Number 1 To 10 are managed by _______. स्वयं प्रभा चैनल नंबर 1 से 10 का प्रबंधन किसके द्वारा किया जाता है?

(A) CEC-UGC

(B) NPTEL

(D) Primary & Secondary Education

(A) Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) - UGC (University Grants Commission)

CHANNELS 01-10 ARE MANAGED BY CEC-UGC, NEW DELHI.

Channel 21 :- managed by CEC.

CHANNELS ARE MANAGED BY NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning).

Channel :- 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22.

CHANNELS ARE MANAGED BY IGNOU NEW DELHI.

Channel :- 17, 18, 19, 20.

CHANNELS ARE MANAGED BY PRIMARY EDUCATION.

Channel :- 23 To 30

CHANNELS ARE MANAGED BY SECONDARY EDUCATION.

Channel :- 31 & 32

CHANNELS ARE MANAGED BY HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION.

Channel :- 33 & 34

Higher Education :- Channels 1 To 22 managed by Higher Education.

School Education :- Channels 23 To 34 managed by School Education.

4. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Swayam Prabha? स्वयं प्रभा के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) Higher Education, School education (9-12 levels), Curriculum-based courses and Assist students (class 11th & 12th) are covered by DTH Channels.

(2) Swayam Prabha was inaugurated in 2017.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(Correct Statements)

(1) Higher Education, School education (9-12 levels), Curriculum-based courses and Assist students (class 11th & 12th) are covered by DTH Channels.

(2) Swayam Prabha was inaugurated in 2017. स्वयं प्रभा का उद्घाटन 2017 में हुआ था।

(Mock TEST 43) (5 MCQs)

1. The term "storm and stress" was coined by _______ in Adolescence, written in 1904. "तूफान और तनाव" शब्द _______ द्वारा किशोरावस्था में गढ़ा गया था, जिसे 1904 में लिखा गया था।

(A) Jean Piaget

(B) John Dewey

(D) G. Stanley Hall

(D) Granville Stanley Hall

2. Leading a group means creating environment in which all member can contribute according to their abilities. This is known as ________. एक समूह का नेतृत्व करने का अर्थ है ऐसा वातावरण बनाना जिसमें सभी सदस्य अपनी क्षमताओं के अनुसार योगदान दे सकें। इसे ________ के रूप में जाना जाता है।

(A) Communication skill संचार कौशल

(B) Collaborative skill सहयोगात्मक कौशल

(D) Decision making skill निर्णय लेने का कौशल

(B) Collaborative skill सहयोगात्मक कौशल

The teacher uses various skills in a class for an effective teaching-learning process.

Collaboration skills, also called collaborative skills, are the skills you use when working with others to produce or create something or achieve a common goal.

3. Match the following.

Establishment Year

(a) NAAC (1) 1945

(b) NCTE (2) 1969

(d) ICSSR (4) 1994

Code :-

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

(B) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(D) a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council) was established in 1994.

NCTE (National Council for Teacher Education) Formation :- 1995

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) :- Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament.

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) :- 1969

4. Which of the following pollutants termed Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP)? निम्नलिखित में से किस प्रदूषक ने अल्पकालिक जलवायु प्रदूषक (SLCP) की संज्ञा दी है?

(1) tropospheric ozone

(2) methane

(3) hydrofluorocarbons

(4) carbon dioxide

(5) black carbon

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :- नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-5

(D) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-3-5

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) are powerful climate forcers that have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes. These pollutants include the greenhouse gases methane and hydrofluorocarbons, and anthropogenic black carbon. अल्पकालिक जलवायु प्रदूषक (SLCP) शक्तिशाली जलवायु कारक हैं जिनका वायुमंडलीय जीवनकाल अपेक्षाकृत कम होता है। इन प्रदूषकों में ग्रीनहाउस गैसें मीथेन और हाइड्रोफ्लोरोकार्बन और मानवजनित ब्लैक कार्बन शामिल हैं।

Short-lived climate pollutants are powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide (CO2), yet their potential to warm the atmosphere can be many times greater.

Certain short-lived climate pollutants are also dangerous air pollutants that have harmful effects for people, ecosystems and agricultural productivity.

The short-lived climate pollutants black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons are the most important contributors to the man-made global greenhouse effect after carbon dioxide, responsible for up to 45% of current global warming.

If no action to reduce emissions of these pollutants is taken in the coming decades, they are expected to account for as much as half of warming caused by human activity.

BLACK CARBON :- Black carbon, or soot, is part of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and contributes to climate change. Black carbon is a short-lived climate pollutant with a lifetime of only days to weeks after release in the atmosphere.

Tropospheric ozone :- Ozone (O3) is a reactive gas that exists in two layers of the atmosphere :- the stratosphere (upper layer) and the troposphere (at ground level and up to 15km). In the stratosphere, ozone protects life on Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. In contrast, at lower levels, it is an important greenhouse gas and air pollutant, which is harmful to human and ecosystem health. It is also a major component of urban smog.

Tropospheric ozone is a short-lived climate pollutant with an atmospheric lifetime of hours to weeks.

:- Tropospheric ozone is a major component of smog, which can worsen bronchitis and emphysema, trigger asthma, and permanently damage lung tissue.

METHANE :- Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas emitted by human activities such as leakage from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock, as well as by natural sources such as wetlands.

Methane is a short-lived climate pollutant with an atmospheric lifetime of around 12 years.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) :- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a group of industrial chemicals primarily used for cooling and refrigeration.

Many HFCs are very powerful greenhouse gases and a substantial number are short-lived climate pollutants with a lifetime of between 15 and 29 years in the atmosphere.

The Kigali Amendment to phase down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol entered into force in 2019. Under the amendment, countries commit to cut the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80% over the next 30 years.

:- CO2 emissions remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of year.

5. Which of the following topic is not covered by Swayam Prabha DTH (direct-to-home) Channels? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विषय स्वयं प्रभा डीटीएच (डायरेक्ट-टू-होम) चैनलों द्वारा कवर नहीं किया जाता है?

(A) Higher Education

(B) School education (9-12 levels)

(D) Primary Education

(D) Primary Education प्राथमिक शिक्षा

The following topics are covered by DTH Channels :-

(1) Higher Education

(2) School education (9-12 levels)

(3) Curriculum-based courses पाठ्यचर्या आधारित पाठ्यक्रम

(4) Assist students (class 11th & 12th) prepare for competitive exams.

SWAYAM PRABHA is a set of 34 channels.

(Mock TEST 44) (5 MCQs)

1. As part of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, India's target of 33‐35% reduction in carbon emission intensity by the year 2030 is sought to be achieved with reference to ________. आशयित राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर निर्धारित योगदान (इंटेंडेड नैशनली डिटरमाइंड कंट्रीब्यूशंस) के तहत वर्ष 2030 तक कार्बन उत्सर्जन की मात्रा में 33 - 35% कमी करने का भारत का लक्ष्य किसके संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना है?

(A) 1990 levels

(B) 2005 levels

(D) 2020 levels

(B) 2005 levels

Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is a climate action plan to cut emissions and adapt to climate impacts.

It was launched during Paris climate Agreement 2015.

Each Party to the Paris Agreement is required to establish an NDC and update it every five years.

2. Identify the correct order in which the following computer memories are ranked from largest to smallest in terms of storage capacity. उस सही क्रम की पहचान करें जिसमें भंडारण क्षमता के मामले में निम्नलिखित कंप्यूटर मेमोरी को सबसे बड़े से सबसे छोटे में स्थान दिया गया है।

(1) Cache

(2) RAM

(3) Hard Disk

(4) Register

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :- नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:-

(A) 3-2-4-1

(B) 3-1-2-4

(D) 3-2-1-4

(3) Hard Disk

(2) RAM

(1) Cache

(4) Register

3. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A :- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is an operating system.

Reason R :- The BIOS controls various electronic components within the main computer system.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :-

(1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

(2) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(3) A is true but R is false.

(4) A is false but R is true.

(Correct Statement)

Reason R :- The BIOS controls various electronic components within the main computer system.

(Incorrect Statement)

Assertion A :- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is an operating system.

BIOS is not an operating system it is a system software.

4. Which of the following is not a multi-programming operating system? निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक बहु-प्रोग्रामिंग ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम नहीं है?

(A) Windows

(B) MS-DOS

(D) iOS

(B) MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

A multi-programming operating system may run many programs on a single processor computer.

5. _______ allows user to send a file with e-mail. _______ उपयोगकर्ता को ई-मेल के साथ फाइल भेजने की अनुमति देता है।

(A) Draft

(B) Messenger

(D) Attachments

Email Attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message.

It is typically used as a simple method to share documents and images.

(Mock TEST 45) (7 MCQs)

1. What is the theme of World Radio Day that was observed across the globe by the UN on 13th February, 2022? 13 फरवरी, 2022 को संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा विश्व भर में मनाए गए विश्व रेडियो दिवस का विषय क्या है?

(A) Radio and Trust

(B) Radio and diversity

(D) Radio and Sports

(A) Radio and Trust

2. The Post Office protocol (POP) is :-

(A) Protocol used for transfer of files from one computer to another computer

(B) Protocol used to handle email attachments

(D) Protocol used for sending emails

There are three common protocols used to deliver email over the Internet :- the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), the Post Office Protocol (POP), and the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).

3. Which region of brain is involved in our ability to learn new information? नई जानकारी सीखने की हमारी क्षमता में मस्तिष्क का कौन-सा क्षेत्र शामिल है?

(A) Cerebrum

(B) Hippocampus

(D) Occipital

(B) Hippocampus

Hippocampus has a major role in learning and memory.

4. INFLIBNET Centre, which is an autonomous Inter-University Centre of the University Grants Commission, maintains _______. INFLIBNET केंद्र, जो विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग का एक स्वायत्त अंतर-विश्वविद्यालय केंद्र है, _______ का रखरखाव करता है।

(A) Swayam Prabha

(B) e-Pathshala

(D) Shodhganga

Shodhganga :- a reservoir of Indian Theses

INFLIBNET Centre, which is an autonomous Inter-University Centre of the University Grants Commission, maintains Shodhganga.

ePathshala is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, and the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), has been developed for showcasing and disseminating all educational e-resources including textbooks, audio, video, periodicals, and a variety of other print and non-print materials for Students, Teachers, Parents, researchers, and educators.

e-Gyankosh is a national repository for storing the digital learning resources developed by Open and Distance Learning Institutions in the country.

5. mooKIT is an open-source MOOC Management software designed and developed at _______. mooKIT एक ओपन-सोर्स MOOC मैनेजमेंट सॉफ्टवेयर है जिसे _______ में डिजाइन और विकसित किया गया है।

(A) IIM Pune

(B) IIT Delhi

(D) IIT Kanpur

60+ Have offered more than 60 online courses

200,000+ Learners from more than 90 countries across the world have registered in the courses offered

6. Which of the following Section of Information Technology Act 2000 power to issue directions for blocking for public access of any information through any computer resource? सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी अधिनियम 2000 की निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी धारा किसी भी कंप्यूटर संसाधन के माध्यम से किसी भी जानकारी की सार्वजनिक पहुंच को अवरुद्ध करने के लिए निर्देश जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करती है?

(A) Section 69A

(B) Section 66A

(D) Section 65

(A) Section 69A

7. United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) was the result of deliberations held during _______. संयुक्त राष्ट्र पर्यावरण कार्यक्रम (यूएनईपी) _______ के दौरान आयोजित विचार-विमर्श का परिणाम था?

(A) Human Environmental Conference at Stockholm in 1972

(B) Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro in 1992

(D) UNFCCC 1993

(A) Human Environmental Conference at Stockholm in 1972

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) :- It was established by Maurice Strong, its first director, after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972.

As a member of the United Nations Development Group, UNEP aims to help the world meet the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

Formation :- 5 June 1972

Headquarters :- Nairobi, Kenya

Executive Director :- Inger Andersen was appointed Executive Director of UNEP by UN secretary-general António Guterres in February 2019.

In 1988, the World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Maurice Strong was also secretary-general of both the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and the Earth Summit (1992).

:- The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from 5 to 16 June 1972.

(Mock TEST 46) (5 MCQs)

1. In linguistics, a _______ expression is communication which serves to establish or maintain social relationships rather than to impart information. भाषाविज्ञान में, एक _________ अभिव्यक्ति संचार है जो सूचना प्रदान करने के बजाय सामाजिक संबंधों को स्थापित करने या बनाए रखने का कार्य करती है।

(A) Smart opener

(B) Phatic

(D) Message prompter

(B) Phatic

Common examples of these are smiling, gesturing, waving, answering the telephone with the word "hello," telling someone to have a nice day, or discussing the weather with a new client, How are you?, Nice to meet you., Let's do lunch sometime., I'm sorry about your loss., Let me know if there's anything I can do. etc.

2. Which was the world's first residential international university? विश्व का पहला आवासीय अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विश्वविद्यालय कौन-सा था?

(A) Nalanda

(B) Taxila

(D) Odantapuri

(A) Nalanda

3. Which of the following are popular software (apps) used for conducting online conferences?

(1) BigBlueButton

(2) ZOOM

(3) KOHA

(4) Google Meet

(5) Moodle

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-3-4-5

(D) 1-2-4-5

BigBlueButton :- BigBlueButton is an open source web conferencing system designed for online learning.

Zoom Meetings (commonly shortened to Zoom, and stylized as zoom) is a videoconferencing software program developed by Zoom Video Communications. Zoom was originally founded in 2011.

Google Meet :- Google Meet is a video-communication service developed by Google.

Koha is an open source integrated library system (ILS), used world-wide by public, school and special libraries.

Moodle is a Learning Platform or course management system (CMS).

4. Given below are two statements :-

Statement I :- National council of women's education appointed Hansa Mehta Committee in 1962 to suggest measures for the improvement of women's education. राष्ट्रीय महिला शिक्षा परिषद ने महिला शिक्षा में सुधार के उपाय सुझाने के लिए 1962 में हंसा मेहता समिति नियुक्त की।

Statement II :- Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Former Prime Minister, Dr. ManMohan Singh. साक्षर भारत भारत सरकार की पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री डॉ मनमोहन सिंह द्वारा शुरू की गई एक पहल है।

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :-

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

(D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Correct Statement I :- National council of women's education appointed Hansa Mehta Committee in 1962 to suggest measures for the improvement of women's education. राष्ट्रीय महिला शिक्षा परिषद ने महिला शिक्षा में सुधार के उपाय सुझाने के लिए 1962 में हंसा मेहता समिति नियुक्त की।

National council of women's education :- The National Council of India working to improve the condition of women all over India, emphasising on women education and socio-economic empowerment. The National Committee on Women's Education was accordingly set up by the Government in May 1958 under the chairmanship of Shrimati Durgabai Deshmukh. The organisation is set up to ensure the equal rights of women in society.

Correct Statement II :- Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Former Prime Minister, Dr. ManMohan Singh. साक्षर भारत भारत सरकार की पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री डॉ मनमोहन सिंह द्वारा शुरू की गई एक पहल है।

Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Prime Minister, Dr. ManMohan Singh to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above. It was launched on 8 September 2009 as a centrally sponsored scheme. It is a scheme from Department of School Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India.

:- The Saakshar Bharat Mission launched by the central government of India for Female Literacy aims to reduce female illiteracy and spread education and awareness even in the most rural parts of the nation.

(Additional Important Points)

The female literacy rate was 7.3% in 1951. While in 1971 only 18.7 of Indian women were literate, at the end of 2011 we have achieved 65.46% female literacy.

:- The census of Indian states 2011 reveals that Kerala is the highest literate state in the country with 93.91% of literacy rate. Bihar is the least literate state with a literacy rate of 63.82%.

:- Rural female literacy rate is only 58% as compared to that of rural males i.e.78%.

:- National Council for Women Education, 1959 was reconstituted in 1964 to prepare the policies, programs, goals and priorities for the development of women education. Durgabai Deshmukh Committee (1959) worked for the girls’ education.

The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of panchayats and Municipalities for women.

:- During tenth five year plan (2002-07) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA) was launched with the goal to have at least five years of school education for every child (below 14 years of age) by 2007. Eleventh five year plan is called as India’s Educational Plan by the Former Prime Minister Dr. ManMohan Singh.

:- Elementary education is a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 to 14 (86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).

:- The Government of India launched the National Literacy Mission in 1988 for eradication of adult illiteracy.

Mahila Samakhya Programme :- It was launched in 1988 as a result of the New Education Policy (1968). It was created for the empowerment of women from rural areas especially socially and economically marginalized groups.

National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) :- This programme was launched in July, 2003.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (KGBV) :- This scheme was launched in July, 2004 to provide education to girls at primary level. It is primarily for the underprivileged and rural areas where literacy level for females is very low. The schools that were set up have 100% reservation :- 75% for backward class and 25% for BPL (below Poverty line) females.

5. Given below are two statements :-

Statement I :- The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister of India.

Statement II :- It is the apex body for Disaster Management in India. यह भारत में आपदा प्रबंधन के लिए सर्वोच्च निकाय है।

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :-

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

(D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Correct Statement I :- The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister of India.

Current NDMA headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

It is headed by the Prime Minister of India and can have up to nine other members.

NDMA is under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Correct Statement II :- It is the apex body for Disaster Management in India. यह भारत में आपदा प्रबंधन के लिए सर्वोच्च निकाय है।

NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of India on 23 December 2005.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

NDMA has 5 major divisions viz.

:- Policy & Plans, नीति और योजनाएँ,

:- Mitigation, न्यूनीकरण

:- Operations & Communications & Information & Technology, संचालन एवं संचार एवं सूचना एवं प्रौद्योगिकी,

:- Administration प्रशासन

:- and Finance. और वित्त।

India Disaster Response Summit held on 9 November 2017 held at New Delhi. This Summit was jointly organized by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and social networking site Facebook. India has become the first country to partner with Facebook on disaster response.

Natural Hazards :- Cyclone चक्रवात, Tsunami, Heat Wave, Landslide भूस्खलन, Urban Floods शहरी बाढ़, Floods बाढ़, Earthquakes भूकंप etc.

Man made Hazards :- Chemical, Nuclear, Biological etc.

Disaster आपदा :- A disaster is a destructive event that occurs suddenly and involves loss of life and property.

Disasters can be of two types, natural and man-made.

Earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, landslides, avalanches and droughts are natural disasters.

The man-made disasters are triggered by human beings. Some of the man-made disasters are :- bomb explosions, terrorism, war or civil war, leakage of poisonous chemicals, breach in dams, air or water pollution, industrial accidents and epidemics.

Disaster Management आपदा प्रबंधन :- Disaster Management refers to the measures taken for the safety and protection of life and property from natural or man-made disasters. This means being prepared for disasters, fighting disasters effectively, ensuring the safety of life during disasters and helping in rebuilding society after the disaster.

(Mock TEST 47) (5 MCQs)

1. Identify the Geophysical disasters. भूभौतिकीय आपदाओं की पहचान करें।

(1) Earthquakes

(2) Volcanoes

(3) Tsunami waves

(4) Wildfire

(5) Landslides

(6) Subsidence

(7) rockbursts

Code :-

(A) 2-3-4-5-7

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 1-2-3-5-6-7

Geophysical disasters are disasters that are brought about by tectonic and seismic activity below the Earth's surface. Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tsunami waves, Landslides, Subsidence, rockbursts etc. are examples of Geophysical disasters.

Subsidence - sinking of the ground because of underground material movement.

2. Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) provides an opportunity for students to choose courses from :- च्वाइस बेस्ड क्रेडिट सिस्टम (सीबीसीएस) छात्रों को निम्नलिखित में से पाठ्यक्रम चुनने का अवसर प्रदान करता है :-

(1) Core Course

(2) Computer Course

(3) Elective Course

(4) NMEICT

(5) Foundation

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-3

(D) 1-3-5

The Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) is an educational model that offers students to opt for courses & subjects of their choice - core, elective courses, open or global electives & skill-based courses. CBCS grading pattern is based on earned credits every semester.

:- Introduced by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

:- University Grants Commission has introduced a 10 point grading system, with 0 being absent/fail and 10 being outstanding.

(3 Types Of Courses Offered By CBCS)

CBCS system offers three types of course choices to the Students - Core, Elective, and Foundation.

Core Course :- Students need to choose a core subject compulsorily to complete the credit requirement.

Elective Course :- Students get the freedom to opt for the subjects of their personal interest.

Foundation :- Also referred to as "Ability Enhancement Courses", the foundation courses offer value-based subjects that lead to knowledge enhancement. "एबिलिटी एन्हांसमेंट कोर्स" के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, फाउंडेशन कोर्स मूल्य-आधारित विषयों की पेशकश करते हैं जो ज्ञान वृद्धि की ओर ले जाते हैं। Such value-based subjects can help students grab excellent career opportunities in the long run.

:- MasterSoft CBCS System Software developed in compliance with the guidelines set by the University Grants Commission (UGC) can help Institutes with this. It manages student curriculum, mapping of credits, generation of student performance reports, handles the examination timetable, and processes. After examination, the student information system software also produces online reports cards of students which enable them to access it from anywhere.

3. What is IIT-PAL?

(A) Make Video for Higher Education Courses

(B) Make Videos for Class 8th To 12th

(D) Provide video lectures for Class XI and Class XII

IIT-PROFESSOR ASSISTED LEARNING (IIT-PAL)

IIT-PAL video lectures for Class XI and Class XII are prepared by IIT Professors/Subject Experts, with an aim to help students for better understanding of the subjects and to self-prepare for doing well in competitive exams and are telecast on Education Ministry's Swayam Prabha Channels. These videos can be accessed on Doordarshan DTH Channel 22.

4. Which of the following communication technologies employ only asynchronous communication? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी संचार तकनीक केवल अतुल्यकालिक संचार को नियोजित करती है?

(1) Video conferencing

(2) Email

(3) face-to-face

(4) Instant messaging

(5) telephone conversations

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) 2 & 3

(D) Only 5

(A) Only 2

Synchronous communication happens in real time, where at least two individuals are exchanging information, at the same time with each other. Examples of synchronous communication include video conferencing, instant messaging, face-to-face and telephone conversations.

Asynchronous communication means participants of discourse don't have to respond immediately. Asynchronous communication is any communication that does not take place in real-time. Examples :- Emails, forum comments, SMS, MMS, Facebook posts, podcasts, watching TV channels, blogs, etc.

5. _______ is the social network for job seekers, professionals, and businesses._______ नौकरी चाहने वालों, पेशेवरों और व्यवसायों के लिए सोशल नेटवर्क है।

(A) RYZE

(B) YouTube

(D) LinkedIn

LinkedIn is an American business and employment-oriented online service that operates via websites and mobile apps.

Launched :- on May 5, 2003

Headquarters :- Sunnyvale, California, U.S.

(Mock TEST 48) (One MCQ)

1. The country which has the highest number of higher education institutions is _______.

(A) India

(B) China

(D) Germany

(A) India

Estimated number of universities worldwide as of July 2021, by country :-

India has the most universities worldwide. According to data from July 2021, there were an estimated 5,288 universities in India. The United States had the second most universities counting 3,216, followed by Indonesia with 2,595 universities.

Central universities or union universities in India are public universities established by an Act of Parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education.

As of 31st March 2021, The list of central universities published by the UGC includes 54 central universities.

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) :- BHU is the largest residential university in Asia. Centralized in 1916 through the Banaras Hindu University Act, Banaras Hindu University is India's first central university.

The visitor :- The President of India is the visitor of the Banaras Hindu University. S/he appoints the Vice-chancellor of the university. As of June 2022, Ram Nath Kovind is the visitor of Banaras Hindu University.

The chancellor :- The chancellor is the head of the university, and is elected by the University court for a term of three years.

The vice-chancellor :- The Vice-chancellor of Banaras Hindu University is the chief executive and chief academics officer of the university. He oversees day-to-day administration of the university, and acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Executive Council, the Academic Council, and the Finance Committee of the university.

Banaras Hindu University maintains six institutes :-

(1) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU)

(2) Institute of Science (ISc-BHU)

(3) Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS-BHU)

(4) Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS-BHU)

(5) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD-BHU)

(6) Institute of Management Studies (FMS-BHU or IMSt-BHU)

As of 31st March 2021, The region with the most central universities in India is Delhi with seven universities. There are central universities in all of the states of India except Goa. Of the union territories, there are central universities in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry.

The establishment Act of universities established by the Central Universities Act, 2009.

In August 2021, India's education minister Dharmendra Pradhan introduced a bill in the Parliament of India to amend the Central Universities Act, 2009 which will lead to a central university in the Union territory of Ladakh.

Number of universities across India from 2015 to 2020

2015 :- 760

2016 :- 799

2017 :- 864

2018 :- 903

2019 :- 993

2020 :- 1043

State universities are public universities run by the state government of each of the states and territories of India, and are usually established by a local legislative assembly act. The University Grants Commission (UGC), draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.

As of 4th March 2021, the UGC lists 443 state universities.

The University of Madras, established 1857, is one of the three oldest state universities in India, the others being the University of Calcutta and the University of Mumbai.

As of 4th March 2021, Of the State of India there are state universities in all states except Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.

The state with the most state universities in India is West Bengal with 35 universities. Of the union territories, there are state universities only in Chandigarh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

Deemed university, or deemed-to-be-university, is an accreditation granted to higher educational institutions in India by the Department of Higher Education. To quote the Ministry of Education (MOE), "An Institution of Higher Education, other than universities, working at a very high standard in specific area of study, can be declared by the Central Government on the advice of the University Grants Commission (UGC), as an Institution "Deemed-to-be-university". Institutions that are "deemed-to-be-university" enjoy the academic status and privileges of a university."

As of 30th November 2021, the UGC lists 126 institutes which were granted the deemed to be university status. According to this list, the first institute to be granted deemed university status was Indian Institute of Science, which was granted this status on 12 May 1958.

The state with the most deemed universities is Tamil Nadu with 28 universities having deemed status.

Private universities are approved by the UGC. As of 4th March 2022, the UGC consolidated list of universities lists 403 private universities. They can grant degrees but they are not allowed to have off-campus affiliated colleges.

Private universities in India are regulated under the UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003. Also per the 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report.

The UGC publishes and regularly updates the lists of private universities.

The state with the most universities in Rajasthan with 85 universities, and Rajasthan has also by far the most private universities, 52 in number.

The Institute of National Importance (INI) are those academic institutes that play a vital role in the science and education field. Institute of National Importance (INI) is a status that may be conferred on a premier public higher education institution in India by an act of Parliament of India. Institutes of National Importance receive special recognition, higher autonomy and funding from the Government of India.

As of 27th July 2021, there are 161 Institutes of National Importance under various Acts of Parliament. These INIs include :- 23 (Indian Institutes of Technology) IITs; 15 (All India Institutes of Medical Sciences) AIIMSs; 20 (Indian Institutes of Management) IIMs; 31 (National Institutes of Technology) NITs; 25 (Indian Institutes of Information Technology) IIITs; 7 (Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research) IISERs, 7 (National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research) NIPERs; 5 (National Institutes of Design) NIDs; 3 (Schools of Planning and Architecture) SPAs; 2 (National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management) NIFTEMs; 5 central universities; 4 medical research institutes, and 14 other specialized institutes.

Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPA) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the "School of Planning and Architecture Act, 2014" and its subsequent amendments.

National Institutes of Design (NID) are declared as Institution of National Importance through the "National Institute of Design Act 2014" and its subsequent amendments.

(Engineering and Technology)

Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 and its subsequent amendments.

National Institutes of Technology (NIT) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007 and its subsequent amendments.

Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIIT) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the "Indian Institute of Information Technology Act, 2014" and the "Indian Institutes of Information Technology (Public-Private Partnership) Act, 2017" and their subsequent amendments.

Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST) was declared as an Institute of National Importance in 2014, when the erstwhile Bengal Engineering and Science University converted to a central institution.

Indian Institutes of Management (IIM) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017 and its subsequent amendments.

All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the "All India Institute of Medical Sciences Act, 1956" and its subsequent amendments.

National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the "National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Act, 1998" and its subsequent amendments.

Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) are declared as Institutes of National Importance through the amendments in the National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007.

The following institutes have been proposed as INIs through a bill :- निम्नलिखित संस्थानों को एक विधेयक के माध्यम से आईएनआई के रूप में प्रस्तावित किया गया है: -

(1) National Council of Educational Research and Training

(2) Indian National Defense University

(3) Homi Bhabha National Institute

(4) Indian Institute of Forest Management

Colleges under section 2 (f) & 12(B) of the UGC Act 1956

The University Grants Commission (UGC) provides financial assistance to eligible colleges which are included under Section 2(f) and declared fit to receive central assistance (UGC grant) under Section 12 (B) of UGC Act, 1956 as per approved pattern of assistance under various schemes.

(Mock TEST 49) (5 MCQs)

1. In which of the following quadrants the courses are hosted on SWAYAM? निम्नलिखित में से किस चतुर्थांश में पाठ्यक्रम SWAYAM पर आयोजित किए जाते हैं?

(1) Video lecture वीडियो व्याख्यान

(2) Provide digital library डिजिटल पुस्तकालय प्रदान करना

(3) Specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed. विशेष रूप से तैयार की गई पठन सामग्री जिसे डाउनलोड / प्रिंट किया जा सकता है।

(4) Self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes. परीक्षण और प्रश्नोत्तरी के माध्यम से स्व-मूल्यांकन परीक्षण।

(5) An online discussion forum for clearing doubts. शंकाओं को दूर करने के लिए एक ऑनलाइन चर्चा मंच।

Choose the correct answer from the options given below. नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए।

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-3-4-5

(D) 1-3-4-5

The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants :-

(1) video lecture,

(2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed

(3) self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes and

(4) an online discussion forum for clearing the doubts.

SWAYAM (meaning "Self") is a acronym that stands for "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds".

SWAYAM is a programme initiated by Government of India. It is an Indian Massive open online course (MOOC) platform.

SWAYAM is one of the world's largest Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) integrated platform of free online courses.

It was launched on 9th July 2017 by Ram Nath Kovind, Honorable President of India.

All the courses are interactive, prepared by the best teachers in the country and are available, free of cost to any learner.

The current SWAYAM platform is developed by Ministry of Education and NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning), IIT Madras with the help of Google Inc. and Persistent Systems Ltd.

The platform offers free access to everyone and hosts courses from class 9 to post-graduation.

In order to ensure that best quality content is produced and delivered, nine National Coordinators have been appointed. They are :-

(1) AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) for self-paced and international courses

(2) NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) for Engineering

(3) UGC (University Grants Commission) for non technical post-graduation education

(4) CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication) for under-graduate education

(5) NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) for school education

(6) NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) for school education

(7) IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) for out-of-school students

(8) IIMB (Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore) for management studies

(9) NITTTR (National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research) for Teacher Training programme

2. UGC has issued the UGC (Credit Framework for online learning courses through SWAYAM) Regulation in _______ to advising the Universities to identify courses where credits can be transferred on to the academic record of the students for courses done on SWAYAM. यूजीसी ने यूजीसी (स्वयं के माध्यम से ऑनलाइन शिक्षण पाठ्यक्रमों के लिए क्रेडिट फ्रेमवर्क) विनियम _______ में विश्वविद्यालयों को उन पाठ्यक्रमों की पहचान करने की सलाह देने के लिए जारी किया है जहां स्वयं पर किए गए पाठ्यक्रमों के लिए छात्रों के शैक्षणिक रिकॉर्ड में क्रेडिट स्थानांतरित किया जा सकता है।

(A) 2013

(B) 2014

(D) 2018

3. Find the next term in the series 1, 4, 10, 22, 46, _______.

(A) 68

(B) 48

(D) 94

Calculation :-

⇒ 1 × 2 + 2 = 4

⇒ 4 × 2 + 2 = 10

⇒ 10 × 2 + 2 = 22

⇒ 22 × 2 + 2 = 46

⇒ 46 × 2 + 2 = 94

1, 4, 10, 22, 46, 94, 190

4. Which UN Sustainable Development Goal deals with responsible consumption and production? कौन-सा संयुक्त राष्ट्र सतत विकास लक्ष्य जिम्मेदार खपत और उत्पादन से संबंधित है?

(A) sdg 4

(B) sdg 8

(D) sdg 16

By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.

5. VRAM stands for?

(A) Volatile Random Access Memory

(B) Video Random Access Memory

(D) Visual Random Access Memory

(B) Video Random Access Memory

(Mock TEST 50) (One MCQ)

1. Which of the following hardware was used by the second generation computers? निम्न में से किस हार्डवेयर का उपयोग दूसरी पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटरों द्वारा किया जाता था?

(A) Vacuum tubes

(B) Transistors

(D) Microprocessor

(B) Transistors

Transistor :- an electronic component that can be used as an amplifier or as a switch. It is used to control the flow of electricity in radios, televisions, computers, etc.

The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations.

Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.

(1) Abacus (ca. 2700 BC)

(2) Pascal’s Calculator (1652)

(3) Stepped Reckoner (1694)

(4) Arithmometer (1820)

(5) Comptometer (1887) and Comptograph (1889)

(6) The Difference Engine (1822)

(7) Analytical Engine (1834)

(8) The Millionaire (1893)

The evolution of computer technology is often divided into five generations.

(Five Generations of Computers)

First Generation :- Vacuum Tubes

Second Generation :- Transistors

Third Generation :- Integrated Circuits

Fourth Generation :- Microprocessors

Fifth Generation :- Artificial Intelligence

First generation (1940-1956) :- Vacuum tube based

The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was called vacuum tubes. First-generation computers were used for calculation, storage, and control purpose. The maximum internal storage capacity was 20,000 characters.

Main electronic component – vacuum tube

Main memory – magnetic drums and magnetic tapes

Programming language – machine language

machine language :- a low-level programming language comprised of a collection of binary digits (ones and zeros) that the computer can read and understand.

Power – consume a lot of electricity and generate a lot of heat.

Speed and size – very slow and very large in size (often taking up entire room).

Input/output devices – punched cards and paper tape.

Examples – ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I), IBM 650, IBM 701, etc.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, built during World War II by the United States. It had been very heavy, large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.

The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC.

The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

EDVAC :- Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von Neumann.

Second generation (1956-1963) :- Transistor based

Second-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum tubes. Transistors were invented in Bell Labs.

Main electronic component – transistor

Memory – magnetic core and magnetic tape / disk

Programming language – assembly language

Power and size – low power consumption, generated less heat, and smaller in size (in comparison with the first generation computers).

Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in comparison with the first generation computers).

Input/output devices – punched cards and magnetic tape.

Examples – IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, etc.

Third generation (1964-1971) :- Integrated circuit based

known as minicomputers

During the third generation, technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated circuits, also referred to as IC. IC was made from silicon and also called silicon chips. A single IC, has many transistors, registers, and capacitors built on one thin slice of silicon.

Main electronic component – integrated circuits (ICs)

Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic tape / disk

Programming language – high level language (FORTRAN (Formula Translation), BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), Pascal, COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language), C, etc.)

ALGOL Computer programming language :- Formerly known as IAL, ALGOL is short for algorithmic language. It is a family of portable programming languages for scientific computations.

Fortran :- that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

Developer :- John Backus and IBM

C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix operating system. Developed in 1972, and still quite popular. C is very powerful; it has been used to develop operating systems, databases, applications, etc.

BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) :- computer programming language developed by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in the mid 1960s.

Pascal :- designed by Niklaus Wirth, It is named in honour of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal.

COBOL (common business-oriented language) :- COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.

Size – smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than second generation computers (they were called minicomputers).

Input / output devices – magnetic tape, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.

Examples – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108, etc.

Fourth generation (1971-Present) :- Microprocessor based

known as microcomputers

Main electronic component – very large-scale integration (VLSI) and microprocessor.

VLSI– thousands of transistors on a single microchip.

Memory – semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.)

RAM (random-access memory) – a type of data storage (memory element) used in computers that temporary stores of programs and data (volatile: its contents are lost when the computer is turned off).

ROM (read-only memory) – a type of data storage used in computers that permanently stores data and programs (non-volatile: its contents are retained even when the computer is turned off).

Programming language – high level language (Python, C+, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc.).

A mix of both third - and fourth-generation languages

Size – smaller, cheaper and more efficient than third generation computers.

Speed – improvement of speed, accuracy, and reliability (in comparison with the third generation computers).

Input / output devices – keyboard, pointing devices, optical scanning, monitor, printer, etc.

Network – a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

Examples – IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh, etc.

In 1981, IBM introduced its first personal computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.

Each fourth-generation computer also saw the computer development of GUIs (Graphical user interface), the mouse, and handheld technology.

Fifth generation (the present and the future) :- Artificial intelligence based

The technology behind the fifth generation of computers is AI. It allows computers to behave like humans.

Main electronic component :- based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing method.

ULSI – millions of transistors on a single microchip

Parallel processing method – use two or more microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously.

Language – understand natural language (human language).

Power – consume less power and generate less heat.

Speed – remarkable improvement of speed, accuracy and reliability (in comparison with the fourth generation computers).

Size – portable and small in size, and have a huge storage capacity.

Input / output device – keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input (recognize voice / speech), light scanner, printer, etc.

Example – desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.

(Mock TEST 51) (7 MCQs)

1. Identify the incorrect matching from the given pairs.

(A) CAPTCHA—Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart

(B) DARPA—Digital Advanced Research Projects Agency

(D) DRAM—Dynamic Random-Access Memory

(B) DARPA—Digital Advanced Research Projects Agency

DARPA stands for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

Originally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

Formed :- February 7, 1958

Headquarters :- Arlington, Virginia, U.S.

(Other Option)

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of security measure known as challenge-response authentication.

Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) :- HTML is a markup language while DHTML is a collection of technologies. The application of DHTML was introduced by Microsoft with the release of Internet Explorer 4 in 1997.

Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) :- It's a specific type of RAM (random access memory). All computers have RAM, and DRAM is one kind of RAM we see in modern desktops and laptops. DRAM was invented in 1968 by Robert Dennard and put to market by Intel® in the '70s. DDR3 is an example of DRAM.

2. Ancient Mithila University was an ancient university and was famous for _______. प्राचीन मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय एक प्राचीन विश्वविद्यालय था और किसके लिए प्रसिद्ध था?

(A) Nyaya Shastra & logical sciences

(B) Buddhistic Education

(D) military science & medical

(A) Nyaya Shastra and logical sciences (न्याय शास्त्र और तार्किक विज्ञान)

3. Who is notable for its aesthetic "Rasa" theory & also considered the father of Indian theatrical art forms? अपने सौंदर्यवादी "रस" सिद्धांत के लिए कौन उल्लेखनीय है और भारतीय नाट्य कला रूपों का जनक भी माना जाता है? (Indian Logic)

(A) Adi Shankara

(B) Pāṇini

(D) Ramanuja

Bharata Muni was an ancient sage who the musical treatise Natya Shastra is traditionally attributed to. भरत मुनि एक प्राचीन ऋषि थे जिन्हें संगीत ग्रंथ नाट्य शास्त्र के लिए पारंपरिक रूप से जिम्मेदार ठहराया जाता है।

Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni and "Abhinaya Darpana" by Nandikeshvara are considered to be the original sources of Bharatanatyam (an Indian classical dance form).

4. Who has been considered the "first descriptive linguist", and even labelled as “the father of linguistics”? किसे "प्रथम वर्णनात्मक भाषाविद्" माना गया है, और यहां तक कि "भाषाविज्ञान के पिता" के रूप में भी लेबल किया गया है?

(A) Ferdinand de Saussure

(B) Pāṇini

(D) Ramanuja

(B) Pāṇini

Pāṇini is known for his text Aṣṭādhyāyī, a sutra-style treatise on Sanskrit grammar.

Pāṇini (पाणिनि) was a Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India. पाणिनि (पाणिनि) प्राचीन भारत में एक संस्कृत भाषाविद्, व्याकरणविद् और श्रद्धेय विद्वान थे।

5. ASCII stands for?

(A) American Standard Code for Information Internet

(B) American Standard Code for Information Infrastructure

(D) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most common character encoding format for text data in computers and on the internet. In standard ASCII-encoded data, there are unique values for 128 alphabetic, numeric or special additional characters and control codes.

6. The level of teaching which demands the use of higher order thinking skills is ________. शिक्षण का वह स्तर कौन-सा जो उच्च स्तरीय सोच कौशल के उपयोग की मांग करता है?

(A) Memory level teaching

(B) Understanding level teaching

(D) Creativity level teaching

The reflective level is also known as the introspective level. Reflecting on something means giving careful thought to something over a period of time. (किसी चीज़ पर समय के साथ ध्यानपूर्वक विचार करना।) Teaching at the reflective level enables the students to solve the real problems of life.

7. Which of the following are sources of verbal data? निम्नलिखित में से कौन मौखिक डेटा के स्रोत हैं?

(1) Traffic signals

(2) Semi structured interviews

(3) Narrative interviews

(4) Focus groups

(5) Body language

Code :-

(A) 2-3

(B) 1-2-3-4-5

(D) 2-3-4

Verbal communication is any communication that uses words to share information with others. Some forms of verbal communication are written and oral communication.

According to the Ques. sources of verbal data,

(2) Semi structured interviews :- Semi-structured interviews are widely used in qualitative research; for example in household research, such as couple interviews.

(3) Narrative interviews :- Narrative interviews can help researchers to better understand people's experiences and behaviours.

(4) Focus groups :- A group of 6-10 people, usually 8, meet to explore and discuss a topic, such as a new product. You use a focus group in qualitative research.

:- Traffic signals and body languages are types of non-verbal communication methods.

(Mock TEST 52) (Five MCQs)

1. What is the approximately percentage share of nuclear power in India? भारत में परमाणु ऊर्जा का लगभग प्रतिशत हिस्सा कितना है?

(A) 1%

(B) 3%

(D) 7.8%

(B) 3%

Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal, gas, hydroelectricity and wind power. Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.

As of November 2020, India has 22 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, with a total installed capacity of 6,790 MW.

10 more reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 8,000 MW.

India's present nuclear power capacity of 6,790 MW is planned to be increased to 22,480 MW by 2031.

:- The share of nuclear power in the total electricity generation in the country is about 3.1 per cent in the year 2020-21.

:- The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha.

:- Asia's first nuclear reactor is the Apsara Research Reactor situated in Mumbai.

:- Robert Oppenheimer, “father of the atomic bomb.”

(Important One Liner Ques - Ans)

Q. Which Nuclear Power Plant in India has the highest capacity?

Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant In Tamil Nadu Is The Highest Capacity Nuclear Plant In India With An Installed Capacity Of 2000 MW.

Q. Which is Asia's first Nuclear Reactor?

Apsara Research Reactor In Mumbai Is Asia's First Nuclear Reactor.

Q. Where is Narora Nuclear Power Plant situated?

Narora Nuclear Power Plant Is Situated In Uttar Pradesh.

Q. How many operational Nuclear Power Plants are there in India?

At Present, India Has 22 Operating Nuclear Reactors In 7 Nuclear Power Plants With An Installed Capacity Of 6,790 MW.

Q. Name Asia's first Nuclear Reactor?

Asia's First Nuclear Reactor Is The Apsara Research Reactor Situated In Mumbai.

Q. Which is the first Nuclear Power Plant in India?

Tarapur Atomic Power Plant-1 (TAPS-1) Is The First Nuclear Power Plant In India. It Is Operational Since October 1969 And Is Situated In Boisar, Maharastra.

2. The type of evaluation which gives feedback to students as well as teachers is _______. मूल्यांकन का वह प्रकार जो छात्रों के साथ-साथ शिक्षकों को भी प्रतिक्रिया देता है?

(A) Placement evaluation स्थानन मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Diagnostic evaluation नैदानिक मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

3. Instructor-created exams, Standardized tests, Final projects, Final presentations, Final essays, Final reports, Final Grades are examples of which of the following Assessments? प्रशिक्षक द्वारा निर्मित परीक्षा, मानकीकृत परीक्षण, अंतिम परियोजनाएँ, अंतिम प्रस्तुतियाँ, अंतिम निबंध, अंतिम रिपोर्ट, अंतिम ग्रेड निम्नलिखित में से किस मूल्यांकन के उदाहरण हैं?

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Placement evaluation स्थानन मूल्यांकन

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

4. In-class discussions, Weekly quiz, 1-minute reflection writing assignment, Homework assignments are examples of which of the following Assessments? कक्षा में चर्चा, साप्ताहिक प्रश्नोत्तरी, 1 मिनट का प्रतिबिंब लेखन कार्य, गृहकार्य कार्य निम्नलिखित में से किस मूल्यांकन के उदाहरण हैं

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Placement evaluation स्थानन मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

5. Match the following.

Organizations Disciplinary Domain

(A) ICSSR (1) Philosophy

(B) DST (2) Social Sciences

(D) ICPR (4) Medicine

Code :-

(A) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

(B) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

(D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

(1) Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established in the year of 1969 by the Government of India to promote research in social sciences in the country.

(2) The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is a department within the Ministry of Science and Technology in India. It was established in May 1971 to promote new areas of science and technology and to play the role of a nodal department for organizing, coordinating and promoting Scientific and Technological activities in the country. It gives funds to various approved scientific projects in India. It also supports various researchers in India to attend conferences abroad and to go for experimental works.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

(3) The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the oldest and largest medical research bodies in the world. In 1911, the Government of India set up the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) with the specific objective of sponsoring and coordinating medical research in the country. After independence, several important changes were made in the organization and the activities of the IRFA. It was redesignated the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949, considerably expanded scope of functions.

The ICMR is funded by the Government of India through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

(Formation)

1911 :- (as IRFA)

1949 :- Renamed as ICMR

Headquarters :- New Delhi

(4) Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR) was established in March 1977 under Department of Higher Education and Ministry of Human Resource Development as an Apex Level Body under the societies registration Act 1860. However, the council formally became active in July 1981, with the appointment of Prof. D.P. Chattopadyaya as the first chairperson.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

(Mock TEST 53) (One MCQ)

1. Which among the following is/are a MOOC platform?

(1) edX

(2) Udacity

(3) FutureLearn

(4) Udemy

(5) Coursera

(6) FOSSEE

(7) SWAYAM

(8) URKUND

(9) mooKIT

(10) IITBX

Code :-

(A) All of These

(B) 1-4-5-7-9

(D) 1-2-3-4-7-9-10

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are most recent and prominent trends in higher education. MOOCs has witnessed tremendous growth with huge enrolment. Having recorded large enrolment, India has initiated various projects such as NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning), IITBX (IITBombayX), and SWAYAM.

Many online platforms have been developed to provide online courses to encourage continuing education.

Continuing education is a broad term which refers to students pursuing their post-secondary or university-level education after some gap.

MOOCs are free online courses available for anyone to enroll.

The learning content of a MOOC is created by an educational institution - universities such as Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, and other top universities.

MOOCs offered hundreds of courses and witnessed millions of registered users across the world.

:- Stephen Downes and George Siemens first coined the term MOOCs in 2008.

Anybody who is willing to learning can enroll and participate in MOOC without any formal qualification restriction. Participation is completely free and open to anyone who has access to the Internet. One might enroll more than one course. The materials developed through the course is shared and available to all.

MOOCs courses are highly interactive (संवादात्मक). It provides opportunities to interact not only with the tutors but also with fellow students. The participants are encouraged to create and share their contributions.

Four Quadrant Approach

:- e-Tutorial,

:- e-Content,

:- Discussion forum,

:- and Assessment.

Across the world, there are many colleges, universities, and other higher education institutions provide several MOOCs platform. Coursera, EdX, Udacity, Udemy, Iversity, MiriadaX and Futurelearn offer some of the well-known MOOCs platforms around the US and Europe.

Coursera is ascertained to be largest MOOC provider in the world.

(MOOC Platforms in India)

NPTEL, mooKIT, edX, Coursera, and SWAYAM are the prominent online platforms in India.

Following is the list of online course providers in India.

• SWAYAM

• NPTEL

• mooKIT

• IIT BombayX

• Shikshit India

• Vskills

• U18

• Million Lights

• Apna Course

• UpGrad

• EduKart Open

• LearnVern

• Digital Vidya

edX and Coursera

2014 :- In July 2014, The first Indian MOOC on edX developed and targeted learners across the world. It witnessed massive success with attracting over 35,000 learners.

2015 :- IIT Bombay, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, IIM Bangalore, and Indian School of Business were launched MOOCs on edX and Coursera.

According to the Options :-

(1) edX :- edX is an American massive open online course (MOOC) provider created by Harvard and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). edX runs on the free Open edX open-source software platform. edX was founded in May 2012 by scientists from MIT and Harvard.

(2) Udacity, Inc. is an American for-profit educational organization founded by Sebastian Thrun, David Stavens, and Mike Sokolsky offering massive open online courses.

Founded :- June 2011

Launched :- February 2012

Headquarters :- Emeryville, California

(3) FutureLearn is a British digital education platform founded in December 2012. The company is jointly owned by The Open University and SEEK Ltd. It is a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), ExpertTrack, microcredential and Degree learning platform.

(4) Udemy, Inc. is a for-profit massive open online course (MOOC) provider. It was founded in May 2010 by Eren Bali, Gagan Biyani, and Oktay Caglar.

Headquarters :- San Francisco, California, U.S.

(5) Coursera Inc. is a U.S.-based massive open online course provider founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects. In 2021 it was estimated that about 150 universities offered more than 4,000 courses through Coursera.

Headquarters :- Mountain View, California, U.S.

(6) FOSSEE (Free/Libre and Open Source Software for Education) project promotes the use of FLOSS tools to improve the quality of education in our country. The FOSSEE project is part of the National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India.

(7) SWAYAM

2014 :- Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) announced SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) under its National Mission on Education through Information & Communication Technology (NMEICT).

2015 :- MHRD formed the "Main Committee regarding SWAYAM platform for MOOCs" to conduct a thorough examination of all elements for a successful MOOC project.

2016 (March) :- MHRD developed and provided Guidelines to institutions for development and implementation of MOOCs.

2016 (June) :- Microsoft was awarded a contract for development of SWAYAM.

2017 :- The SWAYAM portal was successfully launched on July 9, 2017.

(8) Urkund-Plagiarism Detection Software उरकुंड-साहित्यिक चोरी का पता लगाने वाला सॉफ्टवेयर (Non Mooc Platform)

(9) mooKIT is an open-source MOOC Management software designed and developed at IIT Kanpur.

(10) IITBX :- IITBombayX is an online platform developed by IIT Bombay, to offer Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs).

(Mock TEST 54) (50 MCQs)

(Teaching Aptitude) (9 MCQs)

1. What type of evaluation is intended to grade, rank, classify, compare and promote students? किस तरह के मूल्यांकन का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों को ग्रेड देना, रैंक करना, वर्गीकृत करना, तुलना करना और बढ़ावा देना है?

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Normative evaluation मानक मूल्यांकन

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

2. Conducting a type of entrance examination for selecting learners to a particular course is an example of _______. किसी विशेष पाठ्यक्रम में शिक्षार्थियों के चयन के लिए एक प्रकार की प्रवेश परीक्षा आयोजित करना किसका एक उदाहरण है?

(A) Summative evaluation योगात्मक मूल्यांकन

(B) Formative evaluation रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन

(D) Placement evaluation स्थानन मूल्यांकन

3. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

(1) Diagnostic evaluation is conducted to identify and remove the learning difficulties. सीखने की कठिनाइयों की पहचान करने और उन्हें दूर करने के लिए नैदानिक मूल्यांकन किया जाता है।

(2) Formative evaluation is typically conducted during the development or improvement of a program or course. रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन आमतौर पर किसी कार्यक्रम या पाठ्यक्रम के विकास या सुधार के दौरान किया जाता है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) Both

4. Ministry of Education, Government of India's, SWAYAM platform for offering Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has how many quadrants for designing courses? शिक्षा मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार के, बड़े पैमाने पर खुले ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम (MOOCs) की पेशकश के लिए SWAYAM प्लेटफॉर्म में पाठ्यक्रम डिजाइन करने के लिए कितने चतुर्थांश हैं?

(A) 2 quadrants

(B) 4 quadrants

(D) 12 quadrants

(B) 4 quadrants

The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants :-

(1) video lecture,

(2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed

(3) self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes and

(4) an online discussion forum for clearing the doubts.

5. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R.

Assertion A :- SWAYAM PRABHA is a set of 34 channels dedicated to providing high-quality educational programming 24 hours a day.

Reason R :- Higher Education, School education, Curriculum-based courses, competitive exams, etc. are covered by DTH Channels.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(D) A is false but R is true.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(SWAYAM PRABHA)

The DTH Channels shall cover the following :-

(1) Higher Education

(2) School education (9-12 levels)

(3) Curriculum-based courses पाठ्यचर्या आधारित पाठ्यक्रम

(4) Assist students (class 11th & 12th) prepare for competitive exams.

6. mooKIT is one of the projects serving currently for providing online education. It is offered by _______. mooKIT वर्तमान में ऑनलाइन शिक्षा प्रदान करने वाली परियोजनाओं में से एक है। यह किसके द्वारा प्रदान किया जाता है?

(A) IIT Kanpur

(B) IIT Madras

(D) IIM Bangalore

(A) IIT Kanpur

7. Which of the following Swayam National Coordinators dealing with Teachers Training programme? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा स्वयं राष्ट्रीय समन्वयक शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम से संबंधित है?

(1) AICTE

(2) NPTEL

(3) UGC

(4) CEC

(5) NCERT

(6) NIOS

(7) IGNOU

(8) NITTER

(9) IIMB

Code :-

(A) Only 3

(B) Only 3 & 4

(D) Only 7

In order to ensure that best quality content is produced and delivered, nine National Coordinators have been appointed.

NITTER stands for National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research.

8. _______ level teaching is a more deliberate teaching method in which students interact with concepts and, as the name implies, comprehend the content. _______ स्तर का शिक्षण एक अधिक विचारपूर्वक शिक्षण पद्धति है जिसमें छात्र अवधारणाओं के साथ बातचीत करते हैं और जैसा कि नाम से पता चलता है, सामग्री को समझते हैं।

(A) Understanding level teaching

(B) Memory level teaching

(D) Autonomous development level

(A) Understanding level teaching

9. Who said, “Educational psychology is the branch of psychology which deals with teaching and learning”? किसने कहा, "शैक्षिक मनोविज्ञान मनोविज्ञान की वह शाखा है जो शिक्षण और सीखने से संबंधित है"?

(A) Catherine Eaton Skinner

(B) John Dewey

(D) Lawrence Kohlberg

(A) Catherine Eaton Skinner

(Research Aptitude) (7 MCQs)

10. Which one of the following is an indication of the quality of a research journal? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक शोध पत्रिका की गुणवत्ता को दर्शाता है?

(A) Impact factor

(B) h - index

(D) i10 - index

(A) Impact factor

11. Presenting false transcripts or references in an application for a program is known as _______. किसी कार्यक्रम के लिए किसी आवेदन में असत्य प्रतिलेख या संदर्भ प्रस्तुत करना किसके रूप में जाना जाता है?

(A) falsification

(B) fabricating

(D) imitation

(A) falsification

12. A _______ study is a type of research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time. एक _________ अध्ययन एक प्रकार का शोध डिजाइन है जिसमें आप एक ही समय में कई अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों से डेटा एकत्र करते हैं।

(A) Cross-sectional study

(B) Descriptive study

(D) Case–control study

(A) Cross-sectional study

13. _______ design involves a single study containing qualitative and quantitative data collection which is conducted at the same time. _______ डिजाइन में एक ही अध्ययन शामिल होता है जिसमें गुणात्मक और मात्रात्मक डेटा संग्रह होता है जो एक ही समय में आयोजित किया जाता है।

(A) Concurrent triangulation

(B) Sequential Explanatory Design

(D) None of These

(A) Concurrent triangulation

14. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating _______. सर्वेक्षण करना _______ उत्पन्न करने का सबसे सामान्य तरीका है।

(A) Primary data

(B) Secondary data

(D) None of These

(A) Primary data

Primary data collection is the process of gathering data through surveys, interviews, or experiments. A typical example of primary data is household surveys.

15. The process which involves the construction of an artificial environment within which relevant information and data can be generated is called as _______. वह प्रक्रिया जिसमें एक कृत्रिम वातावरण का निर्माण शामिल है जिसके भीतर प्रासंगिक जानकारी और डेटा उत्पन्न किया जा सकता है, _______ कहलाती है।

(A) Inferential approach

(B) Experimental approach

(D) Qualitative approach

16. Mark the Correct statement about empiricism. अनुभववाद के बारे में सही कथन को चिह्नित करें।

(1) theories and hypotheses must be observed and tested to be considered accurate. सिद्धांतों और परिकल्पनाओं को सटीक माना जाना चाहिए और उनका परीक्षण किया जाना चाहिए।

(2) Empiricism is based on facts, evidence, and research. अनुभववाद तथ्यों, साक्ष्यों और शोध पर आधारित है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(Communication) (9 MCQs)

17. ________ is a treatment approach which combines sound-based intervention with sensory integrative treatment techniques. ________ एक उपचार दृष्टिकोण है जो संवेदी एकीकृत उपचार तकनीकों के साथ ध्वनि-आधारित हस्तक्षेप को जोड़ता है।

(A) Comprehensive Listening

(B) Therapeutic Listening

(D) Discriminative listening

(B) Therapeutic Listening

18. In an organization, lateral communication is communication between _______.

(A) senior management and lower-level employees. वरिष्ठ प्रबंधन और निचले स्तर के कर्मचारी

(B) from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. पदानुक्रम के निचले स्तरों से ऊपरी स्तरों तक।

(D) from higher levels to lower levels. उच्च स्तर से निचले स्तर तक

19. Noise, technological problems, bad architecture and closed doors are _______ barriers to communication. शोर, तकनीकी समस्याएं, खराब वास्तुकला और बंद दरवाजे संचार के लिए _______ बाधाएं हैं।

(A) Attitude Barriers

(B) Psychological Barriers

(D) Physical Barriers

20. "The dialect of speaking English by an Australian is different than of an American." What kind of barrier is this? "एक ऑस्ट्रेलियाई द्वारा अंग्रेजी बोलने की बोली एक अमेरिकी से अलग है।" यह कैसी बाधा है?

(A) Attitude barrier to communication

(B) Cultural barrier to communication

(D) Semantic barrier to communication

21. Which of the following are considered as Psychological Barriers to Effective Communication? निम्नलिखित में से किसे प्रभावी संचार के लिए मनोवैज्ञानिक बाधाएं माना जाता है?

(1) Fear and Defensiveness भय और रक्षात्मकता

(2) False assumptions झूठी धारणाएँ

(3) Anger क्रोध

(4) Technical difficulties तकनीकी कठिनाइयाँ

(5) Close-mindedness, Overconfidence and Apathy घनिष्ठता, अति आत्मविश्वास और उदासीनता

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3

(D) 1-2-3-4

22. Transmission interruption and power outages are _______ barriers of communication. संचरण रुकावट और बिजली की कमी संचार के _______ बाधाएं हैं।

(A) Perception Barriers of communication

(B) Organizational Structure Barriers of communication

(D) Mechanical Barriers of communication

23. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Publishing real news after comparing it with the fake news to maintain a specific standard for information value is known as Gatekeeping. सूचना मूल्य के लिए एक विशिष्ट मानक बनाए रखने के लिए नकली समाचार के साथ तुलना करके वास्तविक समाचार को प्रकाशित करना गेटकीपिंग के रूप में जाना जाता है।

(2) Convergence in communication technologies means that different kinds of communication technologies are coming closer to each other. संचार प्रौद्योगिकियों में अभिसरण का अर्थ है कि विभिन्न प्रकार की संचार प्रौद्योगिकियाँ एक दूसरे के करीब आ रही हैं।

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) Only 1

(D) Both

24. When information flows between or among the persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationship with each other, it is called _______ communication. जब सूचना विभिन्न स्तरों पर उन व्यक्तियों के बीच या उनके बीच प्रवाहित होती है जिनका एक दूसरे के साथ कोई प्रत्यक्ष रिपोर्टिंग संबंध नहीं है, तो इसे _______ संचार कहा जाता है।

(A) Lateral

(B) Non-functional

(D) Diagonal

(D) Diagonal or Crosswise

25. Which of the following are features of effective communication? निम्नलिखित में से कौन प्रभावी संचार की विशेषताएं हैं?

(1) It should not contain ambiguity. इसमें अस्पष्टता नहीं होनी चाहिए।

(2) Communication is a Two Way Process. संचार एक दोतरफा प्रक्रिया है।

(3) A message is the subject matter of communication. एक संदेश संचार की विषय वस्तु है।

(4) It is an Integral Part of the Process of Exchange. यह विनिमय की प्रक्रिया का एक अभिन्न अंग है।

(5) Communication may be Formal or Informal. संचार औपचारिक या अनौपचारिक हो सकता है।

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 1-2-3-4-5

(Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude, Logical Reasoning & Data Interpretation) (9 MCQs)

26. In the following question, one term in the number series is wrong. Find out the wrong term.

3, 7, 15, 34, 63

(A) 7

(B) 15

(D) 63

Solution :-

⇒ 3 × 2 + 1 = 7

⇒ 7 × 2 + 1 = 15

⇒ 15 × 2 + 1 = 31

⇒ 31 × 2 + 1 = 63

⇒ 63 × 2 + 1 = 127

27. If M = 13 and PEN = 35, then what about for the HOTEL?

(A) 12

(B) 60

(D) 28

(B) 60

M (Positional value) = 13

PEN (Positional value) (P + E + N) (16 + 5 + 14) = 35

HOTEL (Positional value) (H + O + T + E + L) (8 + 15 + 20 + 5 + 12) = 60

28. Which of the following school of knowledge is considered orthodox (astika)?

(1) Nyaya

(2) Sankhya

(3) Buddhism

(4) Vaisheshika

(5) Uttara Mimamsa

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-4-5

(D) 1-2-3-5

(B) 1-2-4-5

29. Nyaya school's epistemology accepts four out of six Pramanas as reliable means of gaining knowledge. Choose the four Pramanas accepted by Nyaya school's epistemology. न्याय विद्यालय की ज्ञानमीमांसा छह प्रमाणों में से चार को ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के विश्वसनीय साधन के रूप में स्वीकार करती है। न्याय विद्यालय के ज्ञानमीमांसा द्वारा स्वीकृत चार प्रमाणों को चुनें।

(1) Pratyakṣa (perception)

(2) Anumāṇa (inference)

(3) Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy)

(4) Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts) (शब्द, अतीत या वर्तमान विश्वसनीय विशेषज्ञों की गवाही)

(5) Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances)

(6) Anupalabdhi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof)

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-5-6

(D) 1-2-4-5

(A) 1-2-3-4

30. Schools that do not accept the authority of the Vedas are heterodox (nastika) systems are :-

(1) Buddhism

(2) Jainism

(3) Ajivika

(4) Charvaka

(5) Nyaya

(6) Vaisheshika

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1-2-5-6

(D) 1-2-4-5

(A) 1-2-3-4

31. "Some man is running" is an example of _______ proposition.

(A) Universal affirmative

(B) Universal negative

(D) Particular negative

In Aristotelian logic, categorical propositions are divided into four basic types :-

(1) Universal affirmative :- “Every man is running”.

(2) Universal negative :- “No man is running”.

(3) Particular affirmative :- “Some man is running”.

(4) Particular negative :- “Some man is not running”.

32. "Printer" is related to "Hardware" in the same way as "Web Browser" is related to _______. "प्रिंटर" "हार्डवेयर" से उसी तरह संबंधित है जैसे "वेब ब्राउज़र" _______ से संबंधित है।

(A) Google Chrome

(B) Software

(D) Operating system

(B) Software

33. "You need to pass me in this course, since I'll lose my scholarship if you don't." This example represents which kind of fallacy? "आपको मुझे इस पाठ्यक्रम में पास करने की आवश्यकता है, क्योंकि यदि आप नहीं करते हैं तो मैं अपनी छात्रवृत्ति खो दूंगा।" यह उदाहरण किस प्रकार की हेत्वाभास का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है?

(A) Ad hominem

(B) Ad misericordiam

(D) Post Hoc Fallacy

(B) Ad misericordiam

34. किस प्रत्यक्ष में तीन प्रकार माने गये है - सामान्यलक्षण, ज्ञानलक्षण, योगज। In which Perception three types are considered - samanyalakshan, gyanlakshan, yogaj.

(A) Indeterminate Perception निर्विकल्प प्रत्यक्ष

(B) Ordinary Perception लौकिक प्रत्यक्ष

(D) Determinate Perception सविकल्प प्रत्यक्ष

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (5 MCQs)

35. Match the following.

(a) Search engine (1) www.Outlook.com

(b) Job Search (2) www.paytm.com

(d) E-commerce (4) www.bing.com

Code :-

(A) a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2

(B) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

(1) Microsoft Bing (commonly known as Bing) is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft.

Launched :- 2009

(2) Monster is a global online employment solution for people seeking jobs and the employers who need great people. Headquartered in Hyderabad, Monster India started its operations in 2001.

(3) Outlook.com is a personal information manager web app from Microsoft consisting of webmail, calendaring, contacts, and tasks services. Founded in 1996 by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith as Hotmail, it was acquired by Microsoft in 1997. Microsoft phased out Hotmail in October 2011, relaunching the service as Outlook.com in 2012.

(4) Paytm (pay through mobile) is an Indian digital payments and financial services company, based in Noida. It was founded in 2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma under One97 Communications.

Headquarters :- Noida, Uttar Pradesh

36. Mark the Incorrect Statement.

(A) BCD :- Binary-coded decimal

(B) UPS :- Uninterruptible Power Supply

(D) Ubuntu :- Operating system

(C) VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol) is the transmission of voice and multimedia content without over an internet connection.

During power failures, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) devices keep computer systems and IT equipment safe and operational.

37. _______ is an award winning indigenously built multi-modal, multimedia e-learning platform that provides a real or artificial e-learning experience that is almost as good as a real classroom experience. _______ एक पुरस्कार विजेता स्वदेश निर्मित मल्टी-मोडल, मल्टीमीडिया ई-लर्निंग प्लेटफॉर्म है जो एक वास्तविक या कृत्रिम ई-लर्निंग अनुभव प्रदान करता है जो वास्तविक कक्षा अनुभव जितना ही अच्छा है।

(A) A-VIEW

(B) Talk to a Teacher program

(D) e-PG Pathshala

(A) A-VIEW (Amrita Virtual Interactive e-Learning World)

Developed by :- Amrita e-Learning Research Lab

They are a part of Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, one of the fastest growing institutions of higher learning in India and address the most pressing issue of higher education in India – the shortage of highly qualified teachers.

A-VIEW is part of Talk to a Teacher program coordinated by IIT Bombay and funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE) under the Indian Government’s National Mission for Education using Information and Communication Technology (NME-ICT) along with various other projects in Virtual Labs, Haptics and Natural Language Processing. A-VIEW is now deployed at several IITs, NITs (National Institute of Technology) and other leading educational institutions across the nation.

Haptics is the science and technology of transmitting and understanding information through touch.

Natural language processing (NLP) describes the interaction between human language and computers. A few examples of NLP that people use every day are :- Spell check, Autocomplete.

38. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) Ethernet is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).

(2) Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW).

(3) The first commercial Web browser, Netscape Navigator, is released in 1994.

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3

(B) Only 1

(D) Only 1 & 2

(A) 1-2-3

39. ________ is a web portal launched by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) of India, with the primary aim of promoting information and communication technologies in schools. ________ भारत के केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (सीबीएसई) द्वारा शुरू किया गया एक वेब पोर्टल है, जिसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य स्कूलों में सूचना और संचार प्रौद्योगिकियों को बढ़ावा देना है।

(A) Saransh

(B) Spoken Tutorials

(D) FOSSE

(A) Saransh

The Former Human Resource Development Minister Smriti Irani launched the portal on 7 November 2015.

(People, Development and Environment) (6 MCQs)

40. _______ is considered to be one of the most important parameters of water quality in streams, rivers, and lakes. _______ को धाराओं, नदियों और झीलों में पानी की गुणवत्ता के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मापदंडों में से एक माना जाता है।

(A) Chemical oxygen Demand (COD)

(B) Dissolved oxygen (DO)

(D) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

(B) Dissolved oxygen (DO) घुलित ऑक्सीजन

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is considered to be one of the most important parameters of water quality in streams, rivers, and lakes. It is a key test of water pollution. The higher the concentration of dissolved oxygen, the better the water quality.

Dissolved oxygen has no direct effect on public health, but drinking water with very little or no oxygen tastes unpalatable to some people.

(Types of water quality parameters)

(1) Physical parameters

:- Turbidity

:- Temperature

:- Color

:- Taste and odor स्वाद और गंध

:- Solids

:- Electrical conductivity (EC)

(2) Chemical parameters

:- pH

:- Acidity

:- Alkalinity

:- Chloride

:- Chlorine residual क्लोरीन अवशिष्ट

:- Sulfate

:- Nitrogen

:- Fluoride

:- Iron and manganese

:- Copper and zinc

:- Hardness

:- Dissolved oxygen

:- Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

:- Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

:- Toxic inorganic substances

:- Toxic organic substances

:- Radioactive substances

(3) Biological parameters

:- Bacteria

:- Algae

:- Viruses

:- Protozoa

41. Identify the objectives specific to Sustainable Development Goals among the following :-

(1) Good Health and Well-being

(2) Affordable and Clean Energy

(3) Improving maternal health

(4) Sustainable Cities and Communities

(5) Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

Code :-

(A) 1-2-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4-5

(D) 2-3-4-5

(A) 1-2-4-5

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were born at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.

The United Nations approved the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

The SDGs replaced the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which started a global effort in 2000 to tackle the indignity of poverty.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set in 2015 by the United Nations are intended to be achieved by 2030.

There are 17 goals and 169 targets.

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals to transform our world are as follows :-

(1) No Poverty

(2) Zero Hunger

(3) Good Health and Well-being

(4) Quality Education

(5) Gender Equality

(6) Clean Water and Sanitation

(7) Affordable and Clean Energy

(8) Decent Work and Economic Growth

(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

(10) Reduced Inequality

(11) Sustainable Cities and Communities

(12) Responsible Production and Consumption

(13) Climate Action

(14) Life Below Water

(15) Life on Land

(16) Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

(17) Partnership to achieve the Goal

42. Millennium Development Goal 5 is associated with _______.

(A) Promote gender equality

(B) To ensure environmental sustainability

(D) Reduce child mortality

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were 8 international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeeded the MDGs in 2016.

2015 was set as the target years.

(8 International Development Goals)

Goal 1 :- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Goal 2 :- Achieve universal primary education

Goal 3 :- Promote gender equality and empower women

Goal 4 :- Reduce child mortality

Goal 5 :- To improve maternal health

Goal 6 :- To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

Goal 7 :- To ensure environmental sustainability

Goal 8 :- To develop a global partnership for the development

43. Which of the following conventions/protocols originated from Rio Earth Summit 1992? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा सम्मेलन/प्रोटोकॉल रियो अर्थ समिट 1992 से उत्पन्न हुआ?

(1) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

(2) Minamata Convention on Mercury

(3) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

(4) Montreal Protocol

(5) Convention on Biological Diversity

Code :-

(A) 1-3-4-5

(B) All of These

(D) Only 1

44. Which is the latest Country who has Signed and Ratified the (International Solar Alliance) ISA Framework Agreement? वह नवीनतम देश कौन-सा है जिसने अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन फ्रेमवर्क समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर और पुष्टि की है?

(A) Kingdom of Bahrain

(B) Antigua and Barbuda

(D) Kingdom of Denmark

(A) Kingdom of Bahrain (86th)

45. Which of the following is NOT one of the missions under National Action Plan on climate change? निम्नलिखित में से कौन जलवायु परिवर्तन पर राष्ट्रीय कार्य योजना के तहत मिशनों में से एक नहीं है?

(A) National Solar Mission

(B) National Water Mission

(D) National Mission on Solid Waste Management

There are 8 “National Missions” under National Action Plan on climate change.

(1) National Solar Mission

(2) National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

(3) National Mission on Sustainable habitat

(4) National Water Mission

(5) National Mission for sustainable the Himalayan ecosystem

(6) National Mission for a Green India

(7) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

(8) National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

(Higher Education System) (5 MCQs)

46. Who among the following was the de facto executive head of the Planning Commission? निम्नलिखित में से कौन योजना आयोग का वास्तविक कार्यकारी प्रमुख था?

(A) Chairman

(B) Deputy Chairman

(D) President of India

(B) Deputy Chairman

Planning Commission (India)

Formed :- 1950

Dissolved :- 2014

Headquarters :- New Delhi

The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.

In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India).

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.

47. Which of the following is NOT a parameter for ranking according to National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)? निम्नलिखित में से कौन राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क (NIRF) के अनुसार रैंकिंग के लिए एक पैरामीटर नहीं है?

(A) Teaching, learning and resources

(B) Perception

(D) Graduation outcome

National Institutional Ranking Framework :- The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a methodology adopted by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The Framework was approved by the MHRD and launched by Minister of Human Resource Development on 29 September 2015.

Depending on their areas of operation, institutions have been ranked under 11 different categories :-

:- overall,

:- university,

:- colleges,

:- engineering,

:- management,

:- pharmacy,

:- law,

:- medical,

:- architecture,

:- dental and

:- research.

Frequency :- Annual

Publisher :- Ministry of Education

First issue :- 2016

(Parameters)

(1) Teaching, learning and resources (TLR)

(2) Research, professional practice and collaborative performance (RPC)

(3) Graduation outcome (GO)

(4) Outreach and inclusivity (OI)

(5) Perception (PR)

48. Mark the Correct Code about Odantapuri.

(1) It was a prominent Buddhist Mahavihara. यह एक प्रमुख बौद्ध महाविहार था।

(2) It is considered the second oldest of India's Mahaviharas after Nalanda. इसे नालंदा के बाद भारत के महाविहारों में दूसरा सबसे पुराना माना जाता है।

(3) The ancient university of Odantapuri is located at modern-day Bihar. ओदंतपुरी प्राचीन विश्वविद्यालय आधुनिक बिहार में स्थित है।

(4) Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed Odantapuri.

Code :-

(A) All of These

(B) 1-2-3

(D) Only 1, 2, & 4

(A) All of These

Odantapuri (also known as Odantapura or Uddandapura) was a famous Buddhist Mahavihara in Bihar, India.

It is thought that Gopala I, the founder of the Pala dynasty of the Bihar and Bengal regions, founded it in the eighth century.

49. Mark the Correct Code about NEP 2020.

(1) Education in India is a Concurrent List subject. भारत में शिक्षा समवर्ती सूची का विषय है।

(2) MPhil (Masters of Philosophy) courses are to be discontinued. एमफिल (मास्टर्स ऑफ फिलॉसफी) पाठ्यक्रम बंद किए जाने हैं।

(3) The HECI (Higher Education Commission of India) will have 4 verticals.

(4) Foreign universities can now set up campuses in India. विदेशी विश्वविद्यालय अब भारत में परिसर स्थापित कर सकते हैं।

Code :-

(A) Only 2 & 3

(B) Only 1 & 3

(D) 1-2-3-4

A Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education. The council's goal will be to increase gross enrollment ratio. The HECI will have 4 verticals :-

National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC)

National Accreditation Council (NAC)

Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC)

General Education Council (GEC)

50. The de facto head of any government university is the ________. किसी भी सरकारी विश्वविद्यालय का वास्तविक प्रमुख ________ होता है।

(A) Vice-chancellor

(B) Chancellor

(D) Deputy-chairman

(A) Vice-chancellor

(Mock TEST 55) (10+ Current Affairs June 2022)

1. As per the Times Higher Education (THE) Awards Asia 2022, which Indian University won the Datapoints Research Improvement Award?

(A) Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University

(B) Anna University

(D) Savitribai Phule Pune University

(D) Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra

Student Recruitment Campaign of the Year :- Amity University Online

:- Widely known as the "Oscars of higher education".

2. Mark the correct code about SHRESHTA Scheme launched in June 2022.

(1) SHRESHTA stands for Scheme for residential education for students in High school in Targeted Areas.

(2) The Ministry of Tribal Affairs launched the scheme.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(A) Only 1

Correct Statement :- (1) SHRESHTA stands for Scheme for residential education for students in High school in Targeted Areas.

Incorrect Statement :- (2) The Ministry of Tribal Affairs launched the scheme.

The Union Minister of social Justice and empowerment Dr. Virendra Kumar has launched the scheme "SHRESHTA".

This scheme is known as Scheme for residential education for students in High school in Targeted Areas.

The scheme "SHRESHTA" was created with the goal of providing quality education and opportunity to students of SC (Scheduled Caste) Category.

Admission will be provided in Class 9 and Class 11 of CBSE affiliated private schools.

Students from the SC community who come from a marginalized income group with an annual income of up to Rs.2.5 lakh are eligible.

The selection will be done through a transparent mechanism which is known as National Entrance Test for SHRESHTA (NETS).

It will be conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for admission in class 9th and 11th.

3. Who has launched the “Ghar Ke Upar Solar is Super” Pan-India Rooftop Solar Awareness Campaign?

(A) National Solar Energy Federation of India

(B) International Solar Energy

(D) Power Grid Corporation of India

(A) National Solar Energy Federation of India

Starting with Bidar in Karnataka, the campaign was launched by Union Minister of State, MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) Bhagwant Khuba along with Karanataka Energy Minister V Sunil Kumar.

:- plans to cover 100 cities in 3 years.

4. India and _______ have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to strengthen bilateral collaboration on climate change, environmental preservation, and conservation. भारत और किस देश ने जलवायु परिवर्तन, पर्यावरण संरक्षण और संरक्षण पर द्विपक्षीय सहयोग को मजबूत करने के लिए एक समझौता ज्ञापन पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं?

(A) UK

(B) Canada

(D) Paris

(B) Canada

On the sidelines of the Stockholm+50 summit, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav and his Canadian colleague Steven Guilbeault signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).

The gathering is being hosted to honour the 50th anniversary of the Stockholm Summit, the world’s first environmental conference.

“Stockholm+50 :- a healthy planet for the prosperity of all – our responsibility, our opportunity” (Stockholm+50) took place five decades after the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.

The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 5–16 in 1972.

5. Mark the Correct Code about World Environment Day.

(1) The theme of World Environment day 2022 is “Only One Earth", and Sweden is the host country for it.

(2) First held in 1973.

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on 5 June. World Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations at the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment (5–16 June 1972). One year later, in 1973 the first WED was held.

6. India's largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki has installed Asia’s largest 20 (Megawatt Peak) MWp carport type Solar Plant at _______. भारत की सबसे बड़ी कार निर्माता मारुति सुजुकी ने _______ में एशिया का सबसे बड़ा 20 MWp कारपोर्ट प्रकार का सोलर प्लांट स्थापित किया है।

(A) Gurugram, Haryana

(B) Chandigarh

(D) Kannur, Kerala

(A) Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana

7. As per the 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI), India secured _______ rank globally, while _______ tops the index of emerging as the most sustainable country in 2022.

(A) 180, Denmark

(B) 180, United Kingdom

(D) 178, Finland

(A) 180, Denmark

Top five countries are :-

(1) Denmark

(2) United Kingdom

(3) Finland

(4) Malta

(5) Sweden

India ranked the lowest among 180 countries with a score of 18.90, after Vietnam (178), Bangladesh (177), and Pakistan (176).

India was ranked 168th in Environmental Performance Index-2020, with a score of 27.6.

8. According to the 2022 edition of the Renewables 2022 Global Status Report, what is the rank of India?

(A) 1st

(B) 2nd

(D) 4th

Renewables 2022 Global Status Report (GSR 2022) was released by REN21 (Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century).

The Renewables 2022 Global Status Report documents the progress made in the renewable energy sector.

Renewable Energy :- India ranked third in renewable energy installations in 2021, after China and Russia.

Hydropower Capacity :- India added 843 MW of hydropower capacity in 2021, raising the total capacity to 45.3 GW.

New Solar PV Capacity :- India was the second largest market in Asia for new solar PV capacity and third globally (13 GW of additions in 2021).

Total Installations :- It ranked fourth for total installations (60.4 GW), overtaking Germany (59.2 GW) for the first time.

Wind Power :- India ranked third globally for the total installed capacity of wind power (40.1 GW), behind China, the US and Germany.

India added around 15.4 gigawatts (GW) of renewable power capacity in 2021, the third highest after China (136 GW) and the United States (43 GW), according to a global status report.

9. The World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is a United Nations observance celebrated each year on _______. मरुस्थलीकरण और सूखे का मुकाबला करने के लिए विश्व दिवस एक संयुक्त राष्ट्र का पालन है जो प्रत्येक वर्ष _______ को मनाया जाता है।

(A) 11th June

(B) 13th June

(D) 17th June

2022 Theme :- Rising up from drought together एक साथ सूखे से ऊपर उठना

10. Which airport has recently become the first airport in India to be fully hydro and solar powered? कौन-सा हवाई अड्डा हाल ही में पूरी तरह से जल और सौर ऊर्जा से संचालित होने वाला भारत का पहला हवाई अड्डा बन गया है?

(A) Thiruvananthapuram International Airport

(B) Cochin International Airport

(D) Indira Gandhi International Airport

In 2015, Kerala’s Cochin International Airport became the world’s first to run totally on solar energy.

11. _______ has been appointed the chief executive officer of Niti Aayog, after Amitabh Kant. अमिताभ कांत के बाद _______ को नीति आयोग का मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी नियुक्त किया गया है।

(A) Dinesh Prasad Saklani

(B) Nidhi Chibber

(D) Parameswaran Iyer

The Appointments Committee of Cabinet cleared his name for the post. Mr. Iyer will get at least two years in the post.

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) founded in 2015.

Chairperson of NITI Aayog :- Narendra Modi

12. In which city, Tata Power Solar Systems recently commissioned India's largest floating solar power project? टाटा पावर सोलर सिस्टम्स ने हाल ही में किस शहर में भारत की सबसे बड़ी तैरती सौर ऊर्जा परियोजना शुरू की है?

(A) Kinnau, Himachal Pradesh

(B) Jodhpur, Rajasthan

(D) Kayamkulam, Kerala

Installed capacity :- 101.6 Meagawatt peak (MWp)

13. An investment platform PYSE has launched India's first fractionally-owned solar power plant in _______. एक निवेश मंच PYSE ने _______ में भारत का पहला आंशिक स्वामित्व वाला सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र लॉन्च किया है।

(A) Karnataka

(B) Rajasthan

(D) West Bengal

(A) Karnataka

(Mock TEST 56) (Higher Education System) (8 MCQs)

1. Mark the Correct Chronology. सही कालक्रम को चिह्नित करें।

(A) AICTE - NAAC - NCTE - DEB

(B) AICTE - NCTE - NAAC - DEB

(D) AICTE - NAAC - DEB - NCTE

(A) AICTE - NAAC - NCTE - DEB

(1) All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) :- Established in November 1945.

(2) National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) :-NAAC was established in 1994.

(3) National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body of Indian government set up in 1995.

(4) Distance Education Bureau (DEB) :- The Distance Education Bureau (DEB) is a bureau of the University Grants Commission (UGC) based in New Delhi, India, in charge of regulating distance education in India.

It was established in 2012, replacing the Distance Education Council (DEC), an organisation that was responsible for open learning and distance education since 1985.

Distance education in India started in 1962.

In 1982 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University was established.

The Distance Education Council (DEC) was set up by IGNOU in 1991 and became operational in 1992.

2. Which of these bodies provides grants to historians? इनमें से कौन-सा निकाय इतिहासकारों को अनुदान प्रदान करता है?

(A) ICAR

(B) ICHR

(D) AICTE

(B) ICHR (Indian Council of Historical Research)

The ICHR is based in Delhi, with regional centres in Pune (Maharashtra), Bengaluru (Karnataka), and Guwahati (Assam).

Founded :- 27 March 1972

Its first chairman was the historian Ram Sharan Sharma nominated as its first chairman.

It also receives funds from the various state governments of India and from other Ministries of the government of India.

The ICHR (Indian Council of Historical Research) is headed by an Honorary Chairman.

The Members of the Council of ICHR (Governing Body) are nominated for a period of three years.

3. Which education body was given statutory status by an Act of Parliament in 1987? 1987 में किस शिक्षा निकाय को संसद के एक अधिनियम द्वारा वैधानिक दर्जा दिया गया?

(A) NAAC

(B) ICAR

(D) AICTE

(D) All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament.

4. University Grants Commission (UGC) started the Countrywide Classroom Programmes in the year _______. विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (यूजीसी) ने किस वर्ष में देशव्यापी कक्षा कार्यक्रम शुरू किया?

(A) 1980

(B) 1984

(D) 1994

(B) 1984

5. Match the following.

(a) First Europeanized Institution (1) 2005

(b) 1857 (2) Hunter Commission

(d) First education commission (4) Hindu College, Calcutta

Code :-

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

(B) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(D) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-1

(A) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

English higher education in India can be said to have begun with the establishment of Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817, the first "Europeanized" institution of higher learning in Asia.

The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay (now Mumbai) in July 1857 and Madras (now Chennai) in September 1857, followed by the University of Allahabad in 1887. Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta universities were set up in 1857.

National Knowledge Commission was constituted on 13 June 2005, by the then Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh. The Chairman of this committee was Sam Pitroda.

The first education commission in India was the Hunter Commission. It was set up on February 3, 1882 under the Chairmanship of Sir William Hunter, a member of the Executive Council of Viceroy.

6. Which subject did Xuan Zang study in India?

(A) Logic

(B) Yogasastra

(D) Nyaya

(B) Yogasastra

Xuan Zang studied Yoga in Nalanda, under Shilabadhra, the chancellor of the University.

7. Mark the Correct Code about National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986.

(1) The policy emphasizes that Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) needs to receive a high priority. नीति इस बात पर जोर देती है कि प्रारंभिक बचपन देखभाल और शिक्षा को उच्च प्राथमिकता प्राप्त करने की आवश्यकता है।

(2) The NPE called for a "child-centred approach" in primary education, and launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide. एनपीई ने प्राथमिक शिक्षा में "बाल-केंद्रित दृष्टिकोण" का आह्वान किया, और देश भर में प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में सुधार के लिए "ऑपरेशन ब्लैकबोर्ड" शुरू किया।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education.

In 2013, the Government of India adopted the National Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).

8. Mark the Correct Code.

(1) The UGC has launched the "Shodh Chakra" initiative aiming to help research scholars and supervisors in research work. यूजीसी ने शोध कार्य में शोधार्थियों और पर्यवेक्षकों की मदद करने के उद्देश्य से "शोध चक्र" पहल शुरू की है।

(2) The initiative is in collaboration with the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre. यह पहल सूचना और पुस्तकालय नेटवर्क केंद्र के सहयोग से है।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(Mock TEST 57) (15 MCQs) (Higher Education System) (National Education Policy 2020)

1. The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020), which was approved by the Union Cabinet of India on _______. भारत की राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 (एनईपी 2020), जिसे भारत के केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल द्वारा कब स्वीकृत किया गया था?

(A) 29th July, 2020

(B) 31st August, 2020

(D) 23rd June, 2019

(A) 29th July, 2020

The new policy replaces the previous National Policy on Education, 1986. The policy aims to transform India's education system by 2040. Education in India is a Concurrent List subject. By the 42nd amendment to the Constitution in 1976 moved education from the State to the Concurrent List.

In January 2015, a committee under former Cabinet Secretary T. S. R. Subramanian started the consultation process for the New Education Policy. Based on the committee report, in June 2017, the draft NEP was submitted in 2019 by a panel led by former Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan. The Draft New Education Policy (DNEP) 2019, was later released by Ministry of Human Resource Development, followed by a number of public consultations.

2. As per NEP 2020, _______ courses are to be discontinued to align degree education with how it is in Western models. एनईपी 2020 के अनुसार, _______ पाठ्यक्रमों को डिग्री शिक्षा को पश्चिमी मॉडल के साथ संरेखित करने के लिए बंद किया जाना है।

(A) Undergraduate programme

(B) Doctor of Philosophy

(D) Postgraduate education

3. As per NEP 2020, _______ will replace the existing National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC). एनईपी 2020 के अनुसार, _______ मौजूदा राष्ट्रीय शिक्षक शिक्षा परिषद (एनसीटीई), अखिल भारतीय तकनीकी शिक्षा परिषद (एआईसीटीई) और विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (यूजीसी) की जगह लेगा।

(A) GEC

(B) NHERC

(D) HEGC

(D) Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC)

Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC), for funding and financing of universities and colleges. This replace the existing National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC).

4. A Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education. The HECI will have how many verticals? उच्च शिक्षा को विनियमित करने के लिए भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा आयोग (एचईसीआई) की स्थापना की जाएगी। HECI में कितने वर्टिकल होंगे?

(A) 2 Verticals

(B) 6 Verticals

(D) 8 Verticals

A Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education. The council's goal will be to increase gross enrollment ratio. The HECI will have 4 verticals :-

(1) National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC)

(2) National Accreditation Council (NAC)

(3) Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC)

(4) General Education Council (GEC)

5. Which council will be responsible to regulate higher education, including teacher education, while excluding medical and legal education? चिकित्सा और कानूनी शिक्षा को छोड़कर, शिक्षक शिक्षा सहित उच्च शिक्षा को विनियमित करने के लिए कौन सी परिषद जिम्मेदार होगी?

(A) GEC

(B) NHERC

(D) HEGC

(B) National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC)

6. Which council will be responsible in framing a National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF)? राष्ट्रीय उच्च शिक्षा योग्यता फ्रेमवर्क (एनएचईक्यूएफ) तैयार करने के लिए कौन सी परिषद जिम्मेदार होगी?

(A) GEC

(B) NHERC

(D) HEGC

(A) GEC (General Education Council)

7. NCTE (National Council for Teacher Education) will be restructured as which body under the General Council Education (GEC)? NCTE (National Council for Teacher Education) को सामान्य शिक्षा परिषद (जीईसी) के तहत किस निकाय के रूप में पुनर्गठित किया जाएगा?

(A) NHEQF

(B) PSSB

(D) HEGC

(B) PSSB (professional standard setting body)

The policy also lays down that the NCTE (National Council for Teacher Education) will be restructured as a professional standard setting body (PSSB) under a General Education Council (GEC).

Other PSSBs will include professional councils such as Veterinary Council of India, Council of Architecture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research and National Council for Vocational Education and Training.

8. Which one of the following autonomous body has also been created to facilitate exchange of views on the use of technology to improve learning? सीखने में सुधार के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी के उपयोग पर विचारों के आदान-प्रदान की सुविधा के लिए कौन-सा एक स्वायत्त निकाय भी बनाया गया है?

(A) GIF

(B) NRF

(D) SEZs

9. In September 2021, in line with NEP, NITI Aayog partnered with _______ to provide free access to its tech-driven learning programmes to engineering aspirants from 112 districts. सितंबर 2021 में, NEP के अनुरूप, NITI Aayog ने 112 जिलों के इंजीनियरिंग उम्मीदवारों को अपने तकनीक-संचालित शिक्षण कार्यक्रमों तक मुफ्त पहुँच प्रदान करने के लिए किसके साथ भागीदारी की?

(A) Byju's

(B) Unacademy

(D) Swayam

(A) Byju's

10. Mark the Correct Code about NEP 2020.

(1) Academic Bank of Credit (ABC) is a digital storage of credit which has been launched to help in resuming education by using credit for further education. एकेडमिक बैंक ऑफ क्रेडिट, क्रेडिट का एक डिजिटल स्टोरेज है जिसे आगे की शिक्षा के लिए क्रेडिट का उपयोग करके शिक्षा को फिर से शुरू करने में मदद करने के लिए शुरू किया गया है।

(2) A National Research Foundation (NRF) to be set up to fund, coordinate and promote research in the country. देश में अनुसंधान को निधि देने, समन्वय करने और बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय अनुसंधान फाउंडेशन (एनआरएफ) की स्थापना की जायेगी।

Code :-

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(D) None

(Other Points)

:- Special Education Zones, to focus on the education of underrepresented group in disadvantaged regions.

The Socially Disadvantaged Groups include the Scheduled Castes (SCs), the Scheduled Tribes (STs), the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and the Minorities.

:- Gender Inclusion Fund, for assisting the nation in the education of female and transgender children.

:- The policy proposes new language institutions such as the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation and the National Institute/ Institutes for Pali, Persian and Prakrit.

:- Other bodies proposed include the National Mission for Mentoring, National Book Promotion Policy, National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy.

:- A new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development), will be set up as a standard-setting body.

:- NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. 3.5 Crore new seats will be added to Higher education institutions.

:- Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs) बहुविषयक शिक्षा और अनुसंधान विश्वविद्यालय to be set up.

:- Policy aims to achieve 100% youth and adult literacy.

:- The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.

11. In early August 2021, which state became the first state to issue an order with regard to implementation NEP 2020? अगस्त 2021 की शुरुआत में, एनईपी 2020 को लागू करने के संबंध में आदेश जारी करने वाला पहला राज्य कौन-सा राज्य बन गया?

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Rajasthan

:- Madhya Pradesh becomes the second state after Karnataka to implement the National Education Policy 2020.

12. NEP 2020 proposed "Professional Standard Setting Body (PSSB)" will develop common guiding set of principles for the teacher? What will be the name of organization?

(A) National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

(B) National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST)

(D) General Education Council (GEC)

(B) National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST)

13. By which year, the minimum degree qualification for teaching is going to be a 4-year integrated B.Ed. degree?

(A) 2025

(B) 2028

(D) 2035

14. There are 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Which of the following language(s) is/are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution? संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में 22 भाषाएँ शामिल हैं। इनमें से कौन सी भाषा/भाषाएँ संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल है?

(1) Manipuri

(2) Sindhi

(3) Rajasthani

(4) Dogri

(5) Nepali

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 1-2-4-5

The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists of the following 22 languages :-

(1) Assamese

(2) Bengali

(3) Gujarati

(4) Hindi

(5) Kannada

(6) Kashmiri

(7) Konkani

(8) Malayalam

(9) Manipuri

(10) Marathi

(11) Nepali

(12) Oriya

(13) Punjabi

(14) Sanskrit

(15) Sindhi

(16) Tamil

(17) Telugu

(18) Urdu

(19) Bodo

(20) Santhali

(21) Maithili

(22) Dogri

Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution. Sindhi language was added in 1967. Thereafter three more languages viz., Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in 1992. Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.

15. According to the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which will replace the existing 10+2 School System? नई शिक्षा नीति (एनईपी) 2020 के अनुसार, कौन मौजूदा 10+2 स्कूल प्रणाली की जगह लेगा?

(A) 5+4+3+4 School System

(B) 5+3+3+4 School System

(D) 5+4+3+2 School System

(B) 5+3+3+4 School System

(Mock TEST 58) (Current Affairs)

1. Who has been appointed as the new Director General of National Informatics Centre? राष्ट्रीय सूचना विज्ञान केंद्र के नए महानिदेशक के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

(A) Nitin Paul

(B) Vikram Singh

(D) Rajesh Gera

The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is an Indian government department under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The NIC provides infrastructure, IT Consultancy, IT Services to Central Government Departments and State Governments.

The National Informatics Centre (NIC) was established in 1976 by Late N Shesagiri under the Electronics Commission of India and later moved under the then Planning Commission of India before coming under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology MeitY (इलेक्ट्रॉनिकी और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय).

Additional Secretary Late N Shesagiri was the first to introduce a network system in India called NICNET.

National Informatics Centre Services include :-

:- Government Local Area Networks (LANs)

:- Video Conferencing

:- National Knowledge Network (NKN)

:- Email & Messaging etc.

Formation :- 1976

Headquarters :- New Delhi

:- NIC maintains the National Portal of India. India.gov.in is the Indian government’s web portal for citizens. It is also known as the National Portal of India.

:- India.gov.in was launched on 10 November 2005. It is a Mission Mode Project under the National E-Governance Plan or NeGP. The portal is managed by the National Informatics Centre, which operates under the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

2. What is the theme of World Ocean Day 2022? विश्व महासागर दिवस 2022 का विषय क्या है?

(A) The Ocean :- Life & Livelihoods

(B) Revitalization :- Collective Action for the Ocean

(D) Oceans & People

(B) Revitalization :- Collective Action for the Ocean पुनरोद्धार :- महासागर के लिए सामूहिक कार्रवाई

World Oceans Day is an international day that takes place annually on 8 June. The concept was originally proposed in 1992 by Canada's International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) and the Ocean Institute of Canada (OIC) at the Earth Summit – UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Sustainable Development Goal 14 :- Life below water

"Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development".

3. Which year was Internet Explorer launched? इंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर किस वर्ष शुरू किया गया था?

(A) 1990

(B) 1992

(D) 2001

Internet Explorer debuted on Windows desktop computers in 1995.

:- Internet Explorer to Retire after 27 Years.

4. Which country has proposed a plan to launch a solar power plant in space? किस देश ने अंतरिक्ष में सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र शुरू करने की योजना का प्रस्ताव रखा है?

(A) China

(B) Japan

(D) USA

(A) China

5. When is Global Wind Day observed? वैश्विक पवन दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

(A) 15th June

(B) 18th June

(D) 28th June

(A) 15th June

6. PM Modi inaugurated the Centre for Brain Research in which city? पीएम मोदी ने किस शहर में सेंटर फॉर ब्रेन रिसर्च का उद्घाटन किया?

(A) Tamil Nadu

(B) Chandigarh

(D) Bangalore

(D) IISC Bangalore

7. The Khuvsgul Lake National Park has been added to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Which nation is it located in? खुव्सगुल झील राष्ट्रीय उद्यान को बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व के विश्व नेटवर्क में जोड़ा गया है। यह किस राष्ट्र में स्थित है?

(A) China

(B) Japan

(D) Mongolia

:- It contains nearly 70% of all freshwater in Mongolia.

:- Presently, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in India.

8. India has banned Single use plastic from which date? भारत ने किस तारीख से सिंगल यूज प्लास्टिक पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया है?

(A) 1st July 2022

(B) 31st March 2022

(D) 2nd October 2022

(A) 1st July 2022

The list of the banned single-use plastic items includes plastic cups, plates, cutlery, ice cream sticks, ear buds, candy sticks, straws, cigarette packets, wrapping and polystyrene (thermocol/Styrofoam).

9. What is the full form of AMD Processor?

(A) Automatic Micro Devices

(B) Advanced Micro Devices

(D) Active Micro Devices

(B) Advanced Micro Devices

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational semiconductor company is a semiconductor company, known for designing and developing computer processors and graphics technologies.

Founder :- Jerry Sanders

Founded :- 1969

10. _______ has signed the "Climate Neutral Now" (CNN) pledge by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). _______ ने संयुक्त राष्ट्र फ्रेमवर्क कन्वेंशन ऑन क्लाइमेट चेंज (UNFCCC) द्वारा "क्लाइमेट न्यूट्रल नाउ" (CNN) प्रतिज्ञा पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं।

(A) Bata

(B) Aramex India Pvt. Ltd.

(D) Blue Dart Express Ltd.

(D) Blue Dart Express

:- Its long term goal is to reduce GHG emissions to net zero by 2050.

Climate Neutral Now was launched by UN Climate Change in 2015. “Momentum for Change :- Climate Neutral Now” is an initiative launched by The UNFCCC Secretariat.

11. _______ is the first Indian corporate to receive/Awarded UN Global Climate Action Award in "Climate Neutral Now" Category at COP 25.

(A) Aditya Birla Group

(B) Hindustan Unilever Limited

(D) Infosys

:- Infosys Awarded UN Global Climate Action Award in "Climate Neutral Now" Category at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 25) in Madrid, Spain in 2019.

12. _______ was the first (public sector undertaking) PSU to issue a Biodiversity Policy in 2018. _______ 2018 में जैव विविधता नीति जारी करने वाला पहला उपक्रम था।

(A) NTPC

(B) UNFCCC

(D) SECI

(A) NTPC Limited (National Thermal Power Corporation Limited)

:- This Biodiversity Policy is an integral part of NTPC’s Environmental Policy.

:- NTPC was the first PSU to issue Biodiversity Policy in 2018. In the same year, NTPC became a member of the India Business & Biodiversity Initiative (IBBI).

NTPC Limited has released its Biodiversity Policy 2022 for the conservation and restoration of a balanced ecosystem.

(Mock TEST 59) (8 MCQs)

1. On the occasion of World Environment day 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the ________ initiative. विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस 2022 के अवसर पर, प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने कौन सी पहल शुरू की है?

(A) ABHY

(B) NCAP

(D) Prakash

:- The idea of LiFE was introduced by the Prime Minister during the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties COP-26 in Glasgow last year.

:- The idea promotes an environment conscious lifestyle. यह विचार पर्यावरण के प्रति जागरूक जीवन शैली को बढ़ावा देता है।

2. On the occasion of World Environment day 2022, which state government declared Blue Duke as the State Butterfly? विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस 2022 के अवसर पर किस राज्य सरकार ने ब्लू ड्यूक को स्टेट बटरफ्लाई घोषित किया?

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Tamil Nadu

(D) Sikkim

:- During the World Environment Day celebrations, declared Blue Duke as the State Butterfly of Sikkim.

3. Which is the first accreditation body in the world to have a virtual office in metaverse? मेटावर्स में वर्चुअल ऑफिस रखने वाला दुनिया का पहला मान्यता प्राप्त निकाय कौन-सा है?

(A) AICTE

(B) UGC

(D) MHRD

(A) All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Polyversity, World's Largest Educational Metaverse & Bharat Blockchain Network was launched by Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister of Education and Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in the Government of India.

Metaverse :- Network of 3D virtual worlds, virtual-reality experience, Like the real world

4. As per QS World University Rankings 2023, _______ has become world's top research university? क्यूएस वर्ल्ड यूनिवर्सिटी रैंकिंग 2023 के अनुसार, कौन-सा दुनिया का शीर्ष शोध विश्वविद्यालय बन गया है?

(A) IIT Bombay

(B) Stanford University (US)

(D) IISc Bangalore

According to the CpF (Citations per Faculty) indicator, IISc Bangalore is the world's top research university, achieving a perfect score of 100/100.

(QS World University Rankings 2023)

QS stands for Quacquarelli Symonds.

Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), London-based global higher education has released the 19th edition.

:- The QS World University Rankings® 2023 based on 8 key ranking indicators.

:- The ranking was topped by the United States (US)’s Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) followed by the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom (UK) and Stanford University (US).

:- Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, ranked 155 gaining 31 places since 2022 ranking and emerged as the fastest rising South Asian university among the top 200 universities.

Top 200 :- The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru (155th) topped among Indian universities, followed by IIT Bombay (172nd) and IIT Delhi (174th).

:- Chandigarh University (801 - 1000) is the youngest of new the entries, having been established less than 10 years ago.

:- OP Jindal Global University is the highest-ranked private university for the 3rd consecutive year.

5. Which state government is set to sign memorandum of understanding (MOU) with NLC India Ltd, to set up a first-of-its-kind joint venture company (JVC) for generating 1 Giga Watt (GW) solar power with an investment of 5000cr?

(A) Assam

(B) Rajasthan

(D) Kerala

(A) Assam

NLC India Limited :- Coal mining company

Founded :- 1956

Headquarters :- Chennai, India

6. In which country COP 27 will be held? COP 27 किस देश में आयोजित किया जाएगा?

(A) Nairobi, Kenya

(B) Copenhagen, Denmark

(D) Madrid, Spain

The 27th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 27) to the UNFCCC will take place in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

7. Which of the following Indian has been recognized as Global Sustainable Development Goal SDG Pioneer by UNGC? निम्नलिखित में से किस भारतीय को UNGC द्वारा वैश्विक सतत विकास लक्ष्य अग्र-दूत के रूप में मान्यता दी गई है?

(A) Krishnaraja Wadiyar

(B) Ramkrishna Mukkavilli

(D) Narendra Modi

(B) Ramkrishna Mukkavilli

Ramkrishna Mukkavilli, the Founder and Managing Director of Maithri Aquatech was previously selected as India's SDG Pioneer by the UN Global Compact Network India (GCNI) earlier this year for his work in building water security with nature-based water solutions (प्रकृति-आधारित जल समाधानों) across India and 27 countries spanning South East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

Maithri Aquatech is a Make-In-India company founded with the vision to build water from the air as a new scalable and sustainable category of water while preserving crucial ground and surface water resources.

For the first time in the world, an Indian has been recognized by the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) as a Global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Pioneer for Water Stewardship from India.

8. Andhra Pradesh state government signed a pact with educational tech company _______ to impart quality education to students of government schools.

(A) Byju's

(B) Unacademy

(D) TestBook

(A) Byju's

:- students of Classes 4 to 10 would benefit from the quality content provided by Byju’s and help them perform better.

:- Provide tabs to students

(Mock TEST 60) (8 MCQs)

1. Which state government launched Nalaya Thiran skilling programme for college students? किस राज्य सरकार ने कॉलेज के छात्रों के लिए नालया थिरन कौशल कार्यक्रम शुरू किया?

(A) Tamil Nadu

(B) Kerala

(D) West Bengal

(A) Tamil Nadu

:- The Tamil Nadu government recently launched Naan Mudhalvan (I am the first). Under this programme, Tamil Nadu government has now launched Nalaya Thiran (Tomorrow’s ability).

:- In this programme, 50,000 college students will train with the knowledge in computer science, electronics and IT domains, skilling them on problem solving using technologies.

:- The Tamil Nadu government has created the Nalaya Thiran program to help the industry get skilled students.

:- This multi-agency programme has been co-created by Nasscom (National Association of Software and Service Companies) , ICT Academy and Skill Development Corporation.

:- This will help the companies to get skilled workforce.

2. According to the BloombergNEF (BNEF)'s report titled "Financing India’s 2030 Renewables Ambition" published in association with the Power Foundation of India estimates a requirement of _______ over the next eight years just to meet the solar and wind capacity targets.

(A) $192 billion

(B) $223 billion

(D) $350 billion

(B) $223 billion

:- India wants non-fossil fuel power sources to provide half of its electricity supply by 2030. To achieve this target, India needs to massively scale up funding for renewables.

:- At COP26 in November 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced India plans to reduce emission intensity by more than 45% by 2030 below 2005 levels. To achieve this target, the Prime Minister called for increasing non-fossil power capacity to 500GW. The Prime Minister also announced a net-zero by 2070 target.

3. ________ has launched an online portal to simplify the process of recognition of teacher education programs in higher education institutions. किसने उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों में शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों की मान्यता की प्रक्रिया को सरल बनाने के लिए एक ऑनलाइन पोर्टल लॉन्च किया है?

(A) NCTE

(B) UGC

(D) HECI

(A) National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

Founded :- 1995

Headquarters :- New Delhi

NCTE :- (A Statutory Body of the Government of India)

4. AHEJOL, a subsidiary of Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL), has commissioned a 390 MW wind-solar hybrid power plant in _______.

(A) Chandigarh

(B) Rajasthan

(D) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Adani Hybrid Energy Jaisalmer One Limited (AHEJOL), a subsidiary of Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL), has commissioned a 390 MW wind-solar hybrid power plant in Rajasthan. This plant in Jaisalmer is, the first ever wind and solar hybrid power generation plant in India.

:- Adani Green Energy now has 5.8 GW of operational capacity.

:- The plant will be India's first wind and solar hybrid power generation plant.

:- AGEL’s total renewable portfolio of 20.4 GW well on track to meet its vision of 45 GW capacity by 2030.

(More Points)

:- Solar Energy Corporation of India Ltd. (SECI) is a company of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, established to facilitate the implementation of the National Solar Mission (NSM).

:- to promote solar energy in India

Founded :- 2011

5. India is working on building 10 hydropower projects totalling 6.8 gigawatts (GW) in ________ to fully utilize its share of waters under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan. भारत पाकिस्तान के साथ 1960 की सिंधु जल संधि के तहत अपने हिस्से के पानी का पूरी तरह से उपयोग करने के लिए कहाँ पर कुल 6.8 गीगावाट (GW) की 10 जलविद्युत परियोजनाओं के निर्माण पर काम कर रहा है?

(A) Himachal Pradesh & Ladakh

(B) Himachal Pradesh & Punjab

(D) J & K and Himachal Pradesh

(D) Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh

6. ________ has won the 2022 Wangari Maathai Forest Champion Award in recognition of her outstanding contribution to preserving forests and improving the lives of people who depend on them. ________ ने वनों के संरक्षण और उन पर निर्भर लोगों के जीवन को बेहतर बनाने में उनके उत्कृष्ट योगदान की पहचान में 2022 वंगारी मथाई वन चैंपियन पुरस्कार जीता है।

(A) Léonidas Nzigiyimpa

(B) Maria Margarida Ribeiro da Silva

(D) Cécile Ndjebet

(D) Cameroon Activist, Cécile Ndjebet

:- The award was presented by the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), which is chaired by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the award was conferred at a ceremony during the XV (15th) World Forestry Congress in Seoul, the Republic of Korea.

:- The Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) launched the first Wangari Maathai Award in 2012 to honour the memory of Kenyan Nobel Laureate Wangari Maathai, the Forest Champions Award recognizes inspiring individuals who have helped preserve, restore and sustainably manage forests.

:- The 6th Wangari Maathai Award Ceremony was hosted by the Korea Forest Service (KFS).

7. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launched the eighth edition of Swachh Suvekshan 2023 under the Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 with theme of _______. आवास और शहरी मामलों के मंत्रालय (MoHUA) ने स्वच्छ भारत मिशन 2.0 के तहत _______ के विषय के साथ स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण 2023 के आठवें संस्करण का शुभारंभ किया।

(A) Waste to Cleanliness

(B) Waste to Nature

(D) Waste to Nation

Manoj Joshi, Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Government of India, launched the eighth edition of Swachh Suvekshan 2023, under the Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0, a flagship scheme of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to make the country garbage free.

:- This year, the survey is observing the theme of "Waste to Wealth".

:- Swachh Survekshan has emerged as the largest Urban sanitation survey in the world. स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण विश्व का सबसे बड़ा शहरी स्वच्छता सर्वेक्षण बनकर उभरा है।

:- The survey would give priority to the principle of 3Rs – Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

:- The Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0 on 1st October 2021, with a vision of Garbage Free Cities.

:- The journey that started in 2016.

8. What is the theme for Biodiversity Day 2022? जैव विविधता दिवस 2022 का विषय क्या है?

(A) Ecological Civilization :- Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth

(B) our solutions are in nature

(D) Building a shared future for all life

(D) Building a shared future for all life (सभी जीवन के लिए एक साझा भविष्य का निर्माण)

:- International Day for Biological Diversity or World Biodiversity Day is observed on 22nd May every year to increase awareness and understanding of the issues of biodiversity.

Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.

:- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.

:- The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.

:- 2010 was also the International Year of Biodiversity.

(Mock TEST 61) (8 MCQs)

1. Azure Power has launched 90 MW solar power project in which state and it is the largest solar power project in that state? अज़ूर पावर ने किस राज्य में 90 मेगावाट की सौर ऊर्जा परियोजना शुरू की है और वह उस राज्य की सबसे बड़ी सौर ऊर्जा परियोजना है?

(A) Arunachal Pradesh

(B) Goa

(D) Assam

Inaugurated by Himanta Biswa Sarma

The 90 MW capacity is spread across four districts in the state :- Udalguri, Kamrup, Nagaon, and Cachar.

Azure Power :- Solar powered company

Headquartered in New Delhi

:- The company was founded in 2008 by entrepreneur Inderpreet Wadhwa.

Founded :- 2008

:- Azure Power has a total capacity of over 7 GW.

Azure Power developed India's first utility scale solar project in 2009 in Awan, Punjab.

A "utility-scale" solar project is usually defined as such if it produces 10 megawatts (MW) or more of energy.

2. According to Mercom's India Solar Project Tracker, Which is the first state to cross 10 GW solar energy recently? मेरकॉम के इंडिया सोलर प्रोजेक्ट ट्रैकर के मुताबिक, हाल ही में 10 GW सौर ऊर्जा को पार करने वाला पहला राज्य कौन-सा है?

(A) Rajasthan

(B) Tamil Nadu

(D) Haryana

(A) Rajasthan

:- The state has a total installed power capacity of 32.5 GW.

:- Rajasthan’s Solar Energy Policy 2019 was issued in 2019, with the goal of achieving a 30 GW solar power target by FY 2024-25.

:- According to Mercom’s tracker, Rajasthan has over 16 GW of solar projects under development.

:- Rajasthan has a total of 32.5 GW of installed power capacity.

3. According to a report by Mercom Communication India, India installed _______ GW of solar capacity in 2021. मेरकॉम कम्युनिकेशन इंडिया की एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, भारत ने 2021 में _______ GW सौर क्षमता स्थापित की।

(A) 5 GW

(B) 10 GW

(D) 20 GW

(B) 10 GW

:- India installed a record 10 gigawatt (GW) of solar capacity during calendar year 2021, registering a year-on-year rise of 212 per cent, according to Mercom India Research.

:- The country had made 3.2 GW of solar capacity installations during 2020, the research firm said in its latest report.

Cumulative solar installed capacity in India was approximately 49 GW at the end of December 2021, the report titled "Annual 2021 India Solar Market Update" said.

India added a record 10 GW of solar in 2021, the highest ever in a year.

In 2021, Rajasthan led the capacity addition with 4.5 GW of solar capacity installation, the report further said.

4. Indian energy firm _______ has secured India’s largest single solar EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) order of 1 GW (gigawatt) for approx. INR 5500 Crore from (Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd.) SJVN Ltd.

(A) Tata Power Solar

(B) SECI

(D) Azure Power

(A) Tata Power Solar

:- The 1GW solar facility will be built in the Indian state of Rajasthan on a site covering more than 5,000 acres of land.

:- It will be developed under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s Central Public Sector Undertaking Scheme within a span of 24 months.

:- Once completed, the project will have the capacity to generate around 2,500 million units of electricity.

:- The EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) order was designed to support the Indian government’s "Make in India" initiative.

:- In a separate development, Tata Power subsidiary Tata Power Renewable Energy has commissioned a 120MW solar project in Mesanka, Gujarat.

:- Tata Power Solar secures India’s largest solar EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) order of 1GW worth INR 5500Cr from (Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd.) SJVN Ltd.

:- Make in India cells and modules will be used in the project.

:- This project aims at reducing around 22,87,128kg of carbon emission and is expected to generate around 2500 million units annually.

(Tata Power Solar Systems Limited) :- Solar energy company

Founded :- 1989

:- In February 2017, Tata Power Solar became the first Indian company to ship over 1 GW solar modules worldwide.

Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam, better known as SJVN, is an Indian public sector undertaking involved in hydroelectric power generation and transmission.

Headquarters :- Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

Founded :- 1988

5. India and the _______ into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on wildlife conservation and sustainable biodiversity utilization for the restoration of cheetah into the historical range in India. भारत और किस देश ने भारत में ऐतिहासिक रेंज में चीता की बहाली के लिए वन्यजीव संरक्षण और टिकाऊ जैव विविधता उपयोग पर एक समझौता ज्ञापन (एमओयू) में प्रवेश किया।

(A) Republic of Namibia

(B) South Africa

(D) Zimbabwe

(A) Republic of Namibia

The signing of the MoU took place between Vice President of Namibia, Nangolo Mbumba and Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav.

6. Which state has topped the India Innovation Index 2022? भारत नवाचार सूचकांक 2022 में किस राज्य ने शीर्ष स्थान प्राप्त किया है?

(A) Madhya Pradesh

(B) Telangana

(D) Haryana

The third-edition of India Innovation Index 2022 was released by NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery in the presence of Niti Aayog Member Dr VK Saraswat, Senior Adviser Neeraj Sinha and NITI Aayog CEO Parameswaran Iyer and Institute for Competitiveness Chairman Dr Amit Kapoor at NITI Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi.

The states and the union territories have been divided into 17 "Major States", 10 "North-East and Hill States", and 9 "Union Territories and City States", for effectively comparing their performance.

(Major States Category)

(1) Karnataka

(2) Telangana

(3) Haryana

(Northeast and Hill states Category)

1. Manipur

2. Uttarakhand

3. Meghalaya

(UT and City States Category)

(1) Chandigarh

(2) Delhi

(3) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Karnataka has topped NITI Aayog's India Innovation Index 2022 among major states.

Chandigarh has topped among UT and City States.

Union territories Manipur has topped among northeast and hill states.

The India Innovation Index is prepared by NITI Aayog and the Institute for Competitiveness.

It is a comprehensive tool for evaluation and development of the country’s innovation ecosystem.

The release of the third edition of the index – the first and second editions were launched in October, 2019 and January, 2021.

(Global Innovation Index 2021)

India's Global Innovation Index ranking has improved from 81 in 2015 to 46 now. In 2015, India was at number 81 in this ranking. 60 position in 2017.

The top five countries in the ranking are :-

Rank 1 - United States

Rank 2 - United Kingdom

Rank 3 - Germany

Rank 4 - Sweden

Rank 5 - France

(NITI Aayog)

:- National Institution for Transforming India

Established :- 2015

Headquarters :- New Delhi

7. Which airport is being built as the first carbon-neutral airport in India, under the Airports Authority of India (AAI)? भारतीय विमानपत्तन प्राधिकरण (एएआई) के तहत, कौन-सा हवाई अड्डा भारत में पहला कार्बन-तटस्थ हवाई अड्डे के रूप में बनाया जा रहा है?

(A) Shimla Airport

(B) Pune Airport

(D) Hubli Airport

It is estimated that 900 tons of carbon emissions per year will be reduced after adopting the Geothermal system at the Leh Airport Terminal Building project.

8. Which Indian university has topped in the Times Higher Education THE Impact Rankings 2022? टाइम्स हायर एजुकेशन THE इम्पैक्ट रैंकिंग 2022 में किस भारतीय विश्वविद्यालय ने शीर्ष स्थान हासिल किया है?

(A) OP Jindal Global University

(B) Calcutta University

(D) Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

(D) Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

The Times Higher Education (THE) has released the 2022 edition of its Impact Rankings. 8 Universities from India are placed in the top 300 universities in the world.

The ranking is topped by Western Sydney University (Australia); followed by Arizona State University (The US), Western University (Canada).

This year, a record 1,524 institutions from 110 countries participated in the rankings.

Australia’s Western Sydney University secured the top position globally in the overall ranking.

:- India is the joint fourth most-represented nation across the rankings, with 64 universities featuring in total (the same number as Turkey).

:- In South Asia, India breaks through into the world’s top 50, with Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham claiming 41st place in the overall table and eighth place for SDG 3 (good health and well-being) and SDG 5 (gender equality).

:- Lovely Professional University makes the top 100 at joint 74th place in the overall table and is sixth for SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy).

Calcutta University has been ranked first among all the central and state-aided public universities in the country by Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings 2022. Calcutta University grabbed 14th position globally in the "Decent Work and Economic Growth" (Goal 8) sub-category.

:- OP Jindal Global University (JGU) has also featured in the 600-800 band. The university has achieved a score of 60.3 out of 100.

Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences is second in the world for SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), and sixth for SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), while KIIT University is joint eighth for SDG 10 (reduced inequalities).

THE Impact Rankings claim to be the “world’s only rankings measuring universities’ contributions to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.

:- Progress is measured for each of the individual 17 SDGs.

Australia’s Western Sydney University has also topped the table for SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation) and ranked second in SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production).

(Mock TEST 62) (5 MCQs)

1. As per Swachh Survekshan Award 2022, Which is the cleanest State in India with having more than 100 Urban Local bodies (ULBs)? स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण पुरस्कार 2022 के अनुसार, 100 से अधिक शहरी स्थानीय निकायों (ULB) के साथ भारत का सबसे स्वच्छ राज्य कौन-सा है?

(A) Maharashtra

(B) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Chhattisgarh

(Swachh Survekshan Ranking 2022)

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched Swachh Survekshan 2022. In 2022, Swachh Survekshan state rankings has been announced by former President Ram Nath Kovind on 20 November 2021.

Swachh Survekshan focuses on garbage free and open defecation free cities. स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण कचरा मुक्त और खुले में शौच मुक्त शहरों पर केंद्रित है।

Swachh Survekshan is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in cities and towns across India. It was launched as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which aimed to make India clean and free of open defecation.

The first survey was undertaken in 2016 and covered 73 cities. It was said to be the largest cleanliness survey in the world. In 2022, It covered 4,320 cities. The survey was completed in 28 days.

Former President Ram Nath Kovind crowns Indore in Madhya Pradesh with the “Swachhata Ka Taaj” by Former President Ram Nath Kovind at the "Swachh Amrit Mahotsav" function organised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) at Vigyan Bhawan in Delhi. The city has clinched India’s cleanest city title for the fifth time in a row.

Cities Having More than 1 Lakh Population :- Indore in Madhya Pradesh (1st)

Cities Having Less than 1 Lakh Population :- Maharashtra’s Vita city has been ranked the cleanest city with less than one lakh population.

A total of 4,320 cities were covered in Swachh Survekshan 2022, the sixth edition of the survey, making it the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey.

States having more than 100 ULBs :- In the latest edition, Chhattisgarh has been ranked as the cleanest state in the country. In terms of cleanest states, the second position in the cleanest states category of the Swachh Survekshan Award 2022 was secured by Maharashtra, followed by Madhya Pradesh (3), Gujarat (4), and Andhra Pradesh (5). These states have more than 100 urban local bodies.

States having less than 100 ULBs :- In the category of states with less than 100 urban local bodies, Jharkhand achieved first, followed by Haryana and Goa.

India’s Cleanest Districts Ranking :- District-wise, Surat was ranked the "cleanest district", followed by Indore and New Delhi.

Cleanest Ganga Town Ranking :- Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s constituency, Varanasi, was adjudged the “cleanest Ganga town” while Bihar’s Munger and Patna clinched second and third spot.

Gujarat’s Ahmedabad was conferred with Swachh Survekshan Awards for being the country’s cleanest cantonment.

Ranking under Garbage Free City Category :- Uttar Pradesh Noida grabbed two awards under the garbage-free city category and also emerged as the country’s “cleanest medium city” in the category of 3-10 lakh population.

Cleanest Small City Ranking :- New Delhi Municipal Corporation ranked first in the country’s "cleanest small city" category of 1-3 lakh population while Madhya Pradesh’s Hoshangawad achieved the title of country’s "Fastest Mover small city".

Star Rating Protocol of Garbage Free Cities (SMART) Category :- Surat and Vijayawada also received "Five Star" certification under Star Rating Protocol of Garbage Free Cities, a SMART framework introduced in 2018 by MoHUA to holistically evaluate cities across waste management parameters.

2. What is the theme of World Press Freedom Day 2022? विश्व प्रेस स्वतंत्रता दिवस 2022 का विषय क्या है?

(A) Media for Democracy

(B) Journalism without Fear or Favour

(D) Information as a Public Good

Annually observed on :- 3rd May

3. What is the rank of India in the World Press Freedom Index 2022? वर्ल्ड प्रेस फ्रीडम इंडेक्स 2022 में भारत का रैंक क्या है?

(A) 145th

(B) 150th

(D) 160th

(B) 150th

Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has released the 20th World Press Freedom Index 2022.

India’s ranking in the Index has fallen down to 150th position from last year’s 142nd rank.

Norway (1st) Denmark (2nd), Sweden (3rd) Estonia (4th) and Finland (5th) grabbed the top positions, while North Korea remained at the bottom of the list of the 180 countries and territories.

4. Who has been appointed to a High Level Expert group on the net zero emissions commitments of Non State Entities? गैर-राज्य संस्थाओं की शुद्ध शून्य उत्सर्जन प्रतिबद्धताओं पर एक उच्च स्तरीय विशेषज्ञ समूह में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

(A) Arunabha Ghosh

(B) Nicholas Sparks

(D) James Patterson

(A) Arunabha Ghosh

The High-Level Expert Group on the Net-Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities was constituted on March 31.

Arunabha Ghosh, CEO, of the Delhi-based Council for Energy Environment and Water has been appointed as a member of a high-level group constituted by United Nations Secretary General, Antonio Guterres, to bolster action against stemming global warming.

Currently, it is mostly countries that have committed to a year by which they would be net-zero. India, for instance, has a 2070 target and the U.S. has committed to a 2050 date.

The 16-member group will be led by Catherine McKenna, former Canadian Minister of Environment and Climate Change.

5. _______ has commissioned a 300 MW project in Dholera, Gujarat. It is India’s largest single-axis solar tracker system. _______ ने गुजरात के धोलेरा में 300 मेगावाट की एक परियोजना शुरू की है। यह भारत का सबसे बड़ा सिंगल-एक्सिस सोलर ट्रैकर सिस्टम है।

(A) SECI

(B) International Solar Alliance

(D) Tata Power Renewables Energy Ltd

(D) Tata Power Renewables Energy Ltd (TPREL)

Tata Power Renewables Energy Ltd (TPREL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Power has commissioned a 300 MW project in Dholera, Gujarat. It is India’s largest single-axis solar tracker system.

The project generates 774 MUs (Million Units) of Renewable energy annually.

Along with this, it reduces approximately 704340 MT/year (Metric Ton per year) of carbon emission.

With the addition of 300 MW, the renewables capacity in operation for Tata Power will now be 3,400 MW with 2,468 MW of solar and 932 MW of wind. Tata Power’s total renewable capacity is 5,020 MW including 1,620 MW of renewable projects under various stages of implementation.

A single-axis solar tracking system uses a tilted PV panel mount and one electric motor to move the panel on an approximate trajectory relative to the Sun's position. Single axis trackers are a technology that adjusts the position of a solar panel along an axis to follow the sun’s changing position throughout the passing days and years.

(Mock TEST 63) (Top 5 MCQs)

1. Which mascot has been launched recently for effective plastic management? प्रभावी प्लास्टिक प्रबंधन के लिए हाल ही में कौन-सा शुभंकर लॉन्च किया गया है?

(A) Jyoti

(B) Prakash

(D) Prakriti

In the presence of Union Minister of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Shri Bhupender Yadav, the mascot "Prakriti" was launched to raise public awareness about small changes that can be made to our lifestyle for a better environment.

2. Which platform has joined the United Nations Global Compact India to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals? संयुक्त राष्ट्र सतत विकास लक्ष्यों का समर्थन करने के लिए कौन-सा मंच संयुक्त राष्ट्र ग्लोबल कॉम्पैक्ट इंडिया में शामिल हुआ है?

(A) Tata Power

(B) SECI

(D) Arya.ag

Arya.ag, an integrated grain commerce platform.

3. As per QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022, Which Indian Institute of Technology secured the first rank from India in Engineering and Technology subject? क्यूएस वर्ल्ड यूनिवर्सिटी रैंकिंग विषय 2022 के अनुसार, किस भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान ने इंजीनियरिंग और प्रौद्योगिकी विषय में भारत से पहली रैंक हासिल की है?

(A) IIT Bombay

(B) IIT Delhi

(D) IIT Madras

(A) IIT Bombay (65th)

QS Quacquarelli Symonds released the 12th edition of the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022.

The QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022 cover a total of 51 disciplines, grouped into five broad subject areas.

(1) Arts & Humanities

(2) Engineering and Technology

(3) Life Sciences & Medicine

(4) Natural Sciences

(5) Social Sciences & Management

(Top institutes under each category)

(Category) Top Institute (Rank 1)

Arts and Humanities :- University of Oxford (UK)

Engineering and Technology :- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA)

Life Sciences & Medicine :- Harvard University (USA)

Natural Sciences :- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (USA)

Social Sciences & Management :- Harvard University (USA)

Indian Institute :- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bombay ranked 65th and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Delhi ranked 72nd, are the only Indian institutes to be featured among the top 100 ranks under the Engineering and Technology category. IIT Bombay has scored 79.9 and IIT Delhi has scored 78.9.

ARTS AND HUMANITIES :- Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) (188th Rank)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY :- IIT Bombay (65th Rank)

LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE :- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) (204th Rank)

NATURAL SCIENCES :- IISc Bengaluru (103rd Rank)

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT :- University of Delhi (195th Rank)

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur has been named as one of the world's top 100 universities for studying 19 subjects in the domain of Engineering.

In Engineering & Technology, IIT Kharagpur ranked 101st in the world & 3rd in India.

(Top 3 QS World University Rankings 2022)

(1) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),

(2) The University of Oxford,

(3) Stanford University & the University of Cambridge.

4. Maharashtra government approved a joint venture between state-run MahaGenco and India’s largest power generator NTPC which will set up an ultra-mega solar power park with a total generation capacity of _______ MW. महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने राज्य द्वारा संचालित महाजेनको और भारत के सबसे बड़े बिजली उत्पादक एनटीपीसी के बीच एक संयुक्त उद्यम को मंजूरी दी, जो कितने मेगावाट की कुल उत्पादन क्षमता के साथ एक अल्ट्रा-मेगा सौर ऊर्जा पार्क स्थापित करेगा?

(A) 2,000 MW

(B) 2,500 MW

(D) 5,000 MW

(B) 2,500 MW

Maharashtra to get mega solar park with 2500 MW generation capacity.

The Maharashtra State Power Generation Company (MAHAGENCO) and National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC Ltd.) will form a joint venture to set up an "ultra-mega solar park" in the state to generate 2,500 MW green power.

The Rs/- 1,727 crore project proposal, kickstarted in 2020, was approved by the state Cabinet presided over by former Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray.

5. Which State topped the NITI Aayog's First State Energy and Climate Index (SECI) among larger states? बड़े राज्यों में नीति आयोग के पहले राज्य ऊर्जा और जलवायु सूचकांक (SECI) में कौन-सा राज्य शीर्ष पर है?

(A) Madhya Pradesh

(B) Kerala

(D) Punjab

NITI Aayog launched the State Energy and Climate Index (SECI). It is the first index that aims to track the efforts made by states and UTs in the climate and energy sector.

Based on the outcome of SECI scores, states and union territories have been categorized into three groups :- front runners, achievers, and aspirants.

Gujarat topped the NITI Aayog's first State Energy and Climate Index (SECI) among larger states, followed by Kerala and Punjab, while Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh ended up as the bottom three performers on the index.

The State Energy & Climate Index consists of 6 Parameters and 27 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The states and UTs are categorized based on Reference Year (2019-20). The State Energy and Climate Index (SECI) ranks states and UTs on six parameters :-

(1) Discoms' (Power distribution companies) Performance, डिस्कॉम' (विद्युत वितरण कंपनियां) प्रदर्शन,

(2) Access Affordability And Reliability Of Energy, पहुंच सामर्थ्य और ऊर्जा की विश्वसनीयता,

(3) Clean Energy Initiatives, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा पहल,

(4) Energy Efficiency, ऊर्जा दक्षता,

(5) Environmental Sustainability, पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता,

(6) New Initiatives. नई पहल।

Among the smaller states, Goa, Tripura and Manipur were the top performers, while Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh were the bottom three states.

Chandigarh, Delhi and Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli emerged as the top three performers among UTs while Andaman & Nicobar, J&K and Lakshadweep were the bottom three performers.

Punjab was ranked the best state on the discom performance parameter among larger states while Kerala emerged as top performer in access, affordability and reliability category among larger states.

Haryana was the best performer on clean energy initiative among larger states, while Tamil Nadu emerged as top performer in the energy efficiency category.

Overall SECI score :- 55.7 (Chandigarh) (Highest Score)

(Parameters)

(1) DISCOM’s Performance :- 77.1 (Punjab)

(2) Access, Affordability & Reliability :- 67.3 (Kerala)

(3) Clean Energy Initiatives :- 69.2 (Chandigarh)

(4) Energy Efficiency :- 85.4 (Tamil Nadu)

(5) Environmental Sustainability :- 62.5 (Chandigarh)

(6) New Initiatives :- 58.7 (Tripura)

(Top Three Performers)

Larger States :- Gujarat, Kerala, Punjab

Smaller States :- Goa, Tripura, Manipur

Union Territories :- Chandigarh, Delhi, D&D and D&N

(Bottom Three Performers)

Larger States :- Jharkhand, MP, Chhattisgarh

Smaller States :- Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh

Union Territories :- A&N, J&K, Lakshadweep

(Points to be noted) (ध्यान देने योग्य बिंदु)

Q. What are India’s Climate Change Commitments?

The Prime Minister of India at the COP-26 Glasgow (UK) summit presented five nectar elements, Panchamrit, to deal with climate change :-

(1) India will reach its non-fossil installed electricity capacity to 500 GW by 2030.

(2) India will meet 50% of its electricity requirements from renewable energy by 2030.

(3) India will reduce the total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes from now onwards till 2030.

(4) By 2030, India will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by less than 45%.

(5) By the year 2070, India will achieve the target of Net-zero.

(About NITI Aayog)

NITI Aayog stands for National Institution for Transforming India.

Established :- 2015

Headquarters :- New Delhi

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) :- Parameswaran Iyer

Vice Chairperson :- Suman Bery

Prime Minister as the Chairperson

(Mock TEST 64) (PYQs 2021-22) (5 MCQs)

1. Which among the following is a secondary source of data? निम्नलिखित में से कौन डेटा का द्वितीयक स्रोत है?

(1) censuses जनगणना

(2) Autobiographies आत्मकथाएँ

(3) Interviews

(4) surveys

(5) tax records

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 1 & 5

(D) 1 & 5

Secondary data refers to data that is collected by someone other than the primary user. It is basically Past data. Secondary data is the data that has already been collected through primary sources and made readily available for researchers to use for their own research. Popular examples of secondary data include :- Tax records and social security data, Census data, Electoral statistics, Health records, internet searches, Books, journals, or other print media, other online data, websites, government records, Information collected by government departments, like National Sample Survey Organization data or Election commission of India, Organizational records and data that was originally collected for other research purposes etc.

Primary data are collected by the investigator conducting the research. It refers to the first-hand data gathered by the researcher himself. Primary data is a type of data that is collected by researchers directly from main sources through interviews, surveys, experiments, etc. Primary Data Sources are Autobiographies and memoirs, Diaries, personal letters, Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork, Photographs, drawings, and posters, Surveys, observations, experiments, questionnaire, personal interview etc.

2. "Blue baby syndrome" in infants is mainly caused by presence of _______. शिशुओं में "ब्लू बेबी सिंड्रोम" मुख्य रूप से _______ की उपस्थिति के कारण होता है।

(A) Sulphate in water

(B) Nitrate in water

(D) Arsenic in water

(B) Nitrate in water

Blue baby syndrome, also known as methemoglobinemia, is a condition that causes a baby's skin to turn blue.

The most common cause of blue baby syndrome is water contaminated with nitrates.

After a baby drinks formula made with nitrate-rich water, the body converts the nitrates into nitrites. These nitrites bind to the hemoglobin in the body, forming methemoglobin, which is unable to carry oxygen.

Nitrates are most common in drinking water in farming communities that use well water.

The most common symptom of blue baby syndrome is a blue discoloration of the skin around the mouth, hands, and feet. This is also known as cyanosis and is a sign that the child or person is not getting enough oxygen.

3. Some of the largest and the most successful digital libraries are :-

(1) Internet Archive

(2) Project Gutenberg

(3) ibiblio

(4) Splitshire

(5) Coverr

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 2 & 3

The Internet Archive is an American digital library. It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books. As of May 7, 2022, the Internet Archive holds over 35 million books and texts.

Launched :- 1996

Project Gutenberg (PG) was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael Stern Hart and is the oldest digital library.

ibiblio is a digital library.

Launched :- 1992

4. The first MOOC (massive open online course) offered in 2008 by Stephen Downes and George Siemens was _______. 2008 में स्टीफन डाउन्स और जॉर्ज सीमेंस द्वारा पेश किया गया पहला MOOC (मैसिव ओपन ऑनलाइन कोर्स) _______ था।

(A) Connectivism and Connective knowledge

(B) Introduction to Artificial intelligence

(D) to select instructional materials

(A) Connectivism and Connective knowledge

The term MOOC was coined to refer to a course developed by Stephen Downes and George Siemens entitled Connectivism and Connectivity Knowledge in 2008.

5. Arrange the following events that influenced the development of the Internet in reverse chronological order (that is, from most recent to oldest).

(1) Sputnik 1 Launched

(2) ARPA established

(3) TCP/IP implemented in ARPANET

(4) DNS implemented

(5) WWW Created at CERN

Code :-

(A) 5-4-2-3-1

(B) 5-4-1-2-3

(D) 5-4-3-2-1

(Reverse Chronological Order)

(5) WWW Created at CERN

(4) DNS implemented

(3) TCP/IP implemented in ARPANET

(2) ARPA established

(1) Sputnik 1 Launched

(1) Sputnik 1 Launched :- Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched on 4 October 1957 by the Soviet Union.

(2) ARPA established :- in the late 1960s.

(3) TCP/IP implemented in ARPANET :- The ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was first to implement TCP/IP protocols. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.

(4) DNS implemented :- The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like www.amazon.com or flipkart.com.

(5) WWW Created at CERN :- Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN.

(Mock TEST 65) (8 MCQs) (PYQs 2021-22)

1. As per New Education Policy 2020, The aim will be to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education from 26.3% to 50% by _______. नई शिक्षा नीति 2020 के अनुसार, व्यावसायिक शिक्षा सहित उच्च शिक्षा में सकल नामांकन अनुपात को _______ द्वारा 26.3% से 50% तक बढ़ाने का लक्ष्य होगा।

(A) 2025

(B) 2030

(D) 2040

2. After the implementation of National Education Policy (2020), which of the following types of institutions shall be replaced simply by "university"? राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति (2020) के कार्यान्वयन के बाद, निम्नलिखित में से किस प्रकार के संस्थानों को केवल "विश्वविद्यालय" द्वारा प्रतिस्थापित किया जाएगा?

(1) deemed to be university

(2) affiliating university

(3) affiliating technical university

(4) unitary university

(5) Research University

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

The present complex nomenclature of HEIs in the country such as "deemed to be university", "affiliating university", "affiliating technical university", "unitary university" shall be replaced simply by "university".

3. _______ that recommended the set up of IIT's (Indian Institutes of Technology), along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA. किसने मैसाचुसेट्स इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी (MIT), यूएसए की तर्ज पर IIT (भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान) की स्थापना की सिफारिश की?

(A) Kothari Commission

(B) Nalini Ranjan Sarkar committee

(D) Radhakrishnan Commission

(B) Nalini Ranjan Sarkar committee

(About Nalini Ranjan Sarkar)

Nalini Ranjan Sarkar was an Indian businessman, industrialist, economist, and public leader. Sarkar was Finance Minister of West Bengal in 1948. He also acted as the vice-president of National Council of Education, Bengal, and contributed to the spread of education in India.

He was the Pro-Chancellor of Delhi University during the period 1941–42 as well as Banaras Hindu University. He also served as the Chairman of the All India Council for Technical Education during 1946 – 1952.

4. What percentage of electricity comes from nuclear power in India? भारत में परमाणु ऊर्जा से कितने प्रतिशत बिजली आती है?

(A) 1.3%

(B) 5.9%

(D) 9.3 %

The share of nuclear power in the total electricity generation in the country is about 3.1 per cent in the year 2020-21.

The present nuclear power capacity of 6,780 MW is planned to be increased to 22,480 MW by 2031.

5. Author Joseph DeVito has divided the listening process into five stages. Mark the correct sequence of listening process as per DeVito, 2000.

(1) Understanding

(2) Remembering

(3) Feedback

(4) Evaluating

(5) Receiving

Code :-

(A) 5-1-4-2-3

(B) 5-1-3-4-2

(D) 5-1-2-3-4

Stages of Listening :-

(5) Receiving

(1) Understanding

(2) Remembering

(4) Evaluating

(3) Feedback

6. CAE stands for?

(A) Computer-aided entity

(B) Computer advanced engineering

(D) Computer Application Engineering

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) describes utilization of a computer and its software for the purposes of designing, analyzing and generating products and methods.

7. Mark the correct statement/s.

(1) The goal of blockchain is to allow digital information to be recorded and distributed, but not edited. ब्लॉकचेन का लक्ष्य डिजिटल जानकारी को रिकॉर्ड और वितरित करने की अनुमति देना है, लेकिन संपादित नहीं करना है।

(2) Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. ब्लॉकचैन एक तरह से सूचनाओं को रिकॉर्ड करने की एक प्रणाली है जिससे सिस्टम को बदलना, हैक करना या धोखा देना मुश्किल या असंभव हो जाता है।

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) Only 1

(D) Both

(D) Both Statements are Correct

(About Blockchain)

A Blockchain is a chain of blocks that contain information. The data which is stored inside a block depends on the type of blockchain. For Example, A Bitcoin Block contains information about the Sender, Receiver, number of bitcoins to be transferred.

The blockchain is used for the secure transfer of items like money, property, contracts, etc. without requiring a third-party intermediary like a bank or government. Once data is recorded inside a blockchain, it is very difficult to change it.

The blockchain is a software protocol (like SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is for email). however, Blockchains could not be run without the Internet. It is also called meta-technology as it affects other technologies. It is comprised of several pieces :- a database, software application, some connected computers, etc.

Sometimes the term is used for Bitcoin Blockchain or The Ethereum Blockchain, and sometimes, it’s other virtual currencies or digital tokens.

Blockchain is not Bitcoin, but it is the technology behind Bitcoin.

The first block in the chain is called the Genesis block. Each new block in the chain is linked to the previous block.

A block also has a hash. Hash acts as a Unique Fingerprint of the Block.

Q. What is the purpose of Blockchain?

To secure the data

8. What is Pixel density?

(A) Number of horizontal and vertical pixels that make up a screen display

(B) Number of pixels that make up an image

(D) Pixels per inch and pixels per centimetre

Pixels per inch (ppi) and pixels per centimetre (ppcm or pixels/cm) are measurements of the pixel density of an electronic image device, such as a computer monitor or television display, or image digitizing device such as a camera or image scanner.

(Mock TEST 66) (8 MCQs)

1. ________ technology is a type of communication that takes place over the Internet when a client initiates a transaction by requesting information from a server. ________ तकनीक एक प्रकार का संचार है जो इंटरनेट पर तब होता है जब कोई क्लाइंट सर्वर से जानकारी का अनुरोध करके लेनदेन शुरू करता है।

(A) Informal Technology

(B) Pull Technology

(D) Push Technology

(B) Pull Technology

2. when workers report to a supervisor or when team leaders report to a department manager, is an example of :- जब कार्यकर्ता एक पर्यवेक्षक को रिपोर्ट करते हैं या जब टीम के नेता किसी विभाग प्रबंधक को रिपोर्ट करते हैं, यह किसका एक उदाहरण है?

(A) Downward communication

(B) Upward communication

(D) General communication

(B) Upward communication

3. In non‐verbal communication, "Chronemics" refers to :- अशाब्दिक संचार में, "क्रोनेमिक्स" का तात्पर्य है : -

(A) Time

(B) Place

(D) Person

(A) Time

Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. क्रोनमिक्स अशाब्दिक संचार में समय के उपयोग का अध्ययन है।

(Additional Information)

(1) Proxemics refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication. Space is divided into four categories :- intimate, personal, social, and public.

(2) Oculesics, a subcategory of kinesics, is the study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication.

(3) Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. Touches that can be defined as communication include handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, hand), "high-five", etc. Each of these give off nonverbal messages as to the touching person's intentions/feelings.

(4) Vocalics, also referred to as paralanguage, includes the way you speak, such as your tone of voice.

(5) kinesics :- which means “movement,” and refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements. Specifically, this section will outline the use of gestures, head movements and posture, eye contact, and facial expressions as nonverbal communication.

4. The theory of Zone of Proximal Development was proposed by _______. समीपस्थ विकास क्षेत्र का सिद्धांत किसके द्वारा प्रतिपादित किया गया था?

(A) Piaget

(B) Freud

(D) Bloom

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was a key construct in Lev Vygotsky's theory of learning and development.

In the zone of proximal development, the learner is close to developing the new skill or knowledge, but they need assistance and encouragement.

5. Which tools will you use to prepare schedules and class timetables? कार्यक्रम और कक्षा समय सारिणी तैयार करने के लिए आप किन उपकरणों का उपयोग करेंगे?

(1) Microsoft Outlook

(2) Doodle

(3) Google Calendar

(4) VEED

(5) Kapwing

Code :-

(A) 1 & 2

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 1-2-3

(List Of Popular Schedule Maker Software)

(1) Canva

(2) Free College Schedule Maker

(3) Schedule Builder

(4) Adobe Spark

(5) Visme

(6) Doodle

(7) College Schedule Maker

(8) Coursicle

6. The formation of the Inter-University Board (IUB) of India as an Apex Inter-University Organization on March 23, 1925 to promote university activities, especially by way of sharing information and increasing co-operation in the field of education, culture, sports and allied areas is now known as _______. विशेष रूप से शिक्षा, संस्कृति, खेल के क्षेत्र में सूचना साझा करने और सहयोग बढ़ाने के माध्यम से विश्वविद्यालय की गतिविधियों को बढ़ावा देने के लिए 23 मार्च, 1925 को एक सर्वोच्च अंतर-विश्वविद्यालय संगठन के रूप में भारत के अंतर-विश्वविद्यालय बोर्ड (आईयूबी) का गठन और संबद्ध क्षेत्रों को अब _______ के रूप में जाना जाता है।

(A) Central Board of Secondary Educators

(B) Central Advisory Board on Education

(D) University Grants Commission

The Inter-University Board acquired a legal status with its registration as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, on September 29, 1967 and was renamed as Association of Indian Universities (AIU) in 1973.

Since its inception AIU is actively engaged in the growth and development of Higher Education.

The membership of AIU includes all types of universities e.g. Conventional Universities, Open Universities, Deemed to be Universities, State Universities, Central Universities, Private Universities and Institutes of National Importance.

In addition to Indian Universities, 13 Universities/Institutes from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Malyasia, Mauritius, Nepal, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom are its Associate Members.

7. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

(1) Lockdown in 2020 in India was imposed under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. भारत में 2020 में लॉकडाउन आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम, 2005 के तहत लगाया गया था।

(2) Lockdown in 2020 in India was imposed under the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897.

Code :-

(A) Both

(B) Only 1

(D) None

(B) Only 1

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a 21-day national lockdown to contain the spread of Covid-19 by invoking the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The law gives the Central government powers to take quick policy decisions and impose restrictions on people to manage a disaster.

The Epidemic Disease Act, 1897 does not provide such powers.

MS Reddy, former vice-chairman of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), said the disaster law provides all powers to the state to deal with any disaster, including a biological one.

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has 11 chapters and 79 sections.

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Chairperson :- Prime Minister of India

8. Mark the Correct Statement/s.

(1) Operant conditioning was first described by behaviorist B.F. Skinner.

(2) Classical conditioning was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov.

Code :-

(A) Both

(B) Only 1

(D) None

(A) Both

Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior.

Classical conditioning :- Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously. Most psychologists now agree that classical conditioning is a basic form of learning.

Example of Classical conditioning :- A child sees a dog attack a person. It’s a very frightening experience. Dogs are generally neutral stimuli that many people find adorable. But to this child, after this incident, he’s scared whenever he sees a dog.

(Mock TEST 67) (10 MCQs)

1. Which of the following is a Chronomatic barrier to communication?

(A) Culture

(B) lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities

(D) different time zones of the sender and receiver of the message

Chronomatic barriers refer to problems related with time, such as delay caused in receiving the message due to physical distance between the sender and the receiver, different time zones of the sender and receiver of the message, etc.

2. Who proposed advance organizer model of teaching?

(A) Lev Vygotsky

(B) David Paul Ausubel

(D) Jean Piaget

(B) David Paul Ausubel

3. What percent of the children's brain development happens prior to 5 years? 5 साल से पहले बच्चों के मस्तिष्क का कितना प्रतिशत विकास होता है?

(A) 85%

(B) 75%

(D) 45%

(A) 85%

4. Identify the correct sequence to join a Google Meet session.

(1) Enter code and click continue

(2) Click ASK to join

(3) Click use a meeting code

(4) Go to meet.google.com

(5) When someone in the meeting gives you access you will join it.

Code :-

(A) 4-3-1-2-2

(B) 4-3-5-2-1

(D) 4-3-2-1-5

(4) Go to meet.google.com

(3) Click use a meeting code

(1) Enter code and click continue

(2) Click ASK to join

(5) When someone in the meeting gives you access you will join it.

Google Meet (formerly known as Hangouts Meet) is a video-communication service developed by Google.

5. Post-positivism is related to which one of the following philosophies?

(A) Critical Realism

(B) Empiricism

(D) Subjectivism

(A) Critical Realism

6. Which one of the following sections of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 is concerned with the promotion and coordination of university education for the maintenance of standards of teaching examination and research? विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग अधिनियम, 1956 की निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी धारा शिक्षण परीक्षा और अनुसंधान के मानकों के रखरखाव के लिए विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा के प्रचार और समन्वय से संबंधित है?

(A) Section 12

(B) Section 24

(D) Section 25

(A) Section 12

Section 12 in the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 describes the Functions of the Commission.

Section 17 in the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 describes the Budget.

Section 25 in the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 describes the Power to make rules.

Section 24 in the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 describes the Penalties.

7. Rahul wakes up late in the morning and sits alone and says, "I can't believe I forgot about the meeting." This is the example of :- राहुल सुबह देरी से उठता है और अकेले में बैठकर बोलता है, "मुझे विश्वास नहीं हो रहा है कि मैं बैठक के बारे में भूल गया।" यह किसका उदाहरण है?

(A) Didactic communication

(B) Interpersonal communication

(D) Mass communication

Intrapersonal Communication is a type of communication that occurs within oneself. It can be spoken, written, or just random thoughts. This can be talking to yourself, reading aloud, writing, thinking, meditating, singing, and analyzing for instance.

Intrapersonal communication can play an important role in developing your Emotional Intelligence.

8. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP) uses _______ bit addresses.

(A) 256-bit

(B) 32-bit

(D) 128-bit

IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It provides the unique IP addresses necessary for Internet-enabled devices to communicate.

9. A leave application from a student to the principal of the school, is an example of :- एक छात्र द्वारा विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य को छुट्टी का आवेदन यह किसका एक उदाहरण है?

(A) Downward communication

(B) Upward communication

(D) General communication

(B) Upward communication

10. Which of the following is termed as the Magna Carta of English Education in India? निम्नलिखित में से किसे भारत में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा का मैग्ना कार्टा कहा जाता है?

(A) Elphinstone's minute

(B) Macaulay's minute

(D) Wood's Despatch

Charles Wood was president of the English East India Company's Board of Control.

In 1854, he sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie then Governor-General of India.

It was laid down to set the groundwork for the modern educational system. इसे आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली के लिए आधार तैयार करने के लिए निर्धारित किया गया था।

According to Wood's dispatch, In primary schools, vernacular languages (स्थानीय भाषाओं) should become the medium of instruction.

He also advised in the despatch that anglo-vernacular (Both English + स्थानीय भाषा) be used in high schools and that English be used for college-level education.

As a result, Wood's Despatch is regarded as India's "Magna Carta" (महाधिकार-पत्र) of English Education.

(Additional Information)

In 1835, British politician Thomas Babington Macaulay delivered his "Minute on Indian Education," in which he argued that Indian "natives" ought to be educated in English.

(Mock TEST 68) (8 MCQs)

1. In Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) In Higher Education, Letter grade B represents :-

(A) Excellent

(B) Very Good

(D) Average

University Grants Commission has introduced a 10 point grading system, with 0 being absent/fail and 10 being outstanding.

Letter Grades Grade Points

O (Outstanding) 10

A+ (Excellent) 9

A (Very Good) 8

B+ (Good) 7

B (Above Average) 6

C (Average) 5

P (Pass) 4

F (Fail) or Absent (AB) 0

“Choice Based Credit System is a proven, advanced mode of learning in higher education which facilitates a student to have some freedom in selecting his/her own choices in the curriculum for completing any Degree program”.

An engineering student can learn a Finance Management Course. Students can take up varied subject combinations like economics-microbiology, physics-accounts, English-chemistry, etc.

India has adopted the Choice Based Credit System on the recommendation of the Knowledge Commission (Sam Pitroda) as well as as per the Eleventh Five Year plan in order to bring about quality and transformational change in Indian higher education.

Under the Choice Based Credit System, a student would pursue three kinds of courses and they are compulsory foundation courses, elective courses and core courses.

The 11th Five Year plan of India proposed various measures for academic reforms in higher education.

The National Knowledge Commission (Sam Pitroda) report to the nation in 2008-2009 on higher education and Yashpal Committee Report in 2009 recommended revamping of higher education through academic and administrative reforms.

CHOICE BASED - Choice of multiple courses

GRADING - Marks secured is in letter grade format

CREDIT - Class hours per week carries additional importance in credit system.

Types of Courses in CBCS System :-

(1) Core Course :- A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a core requirement is termed as a Core course.

(2) Elective Course :- Students get the freedom to opt for the subjects of their personal interest.

(3) Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC)/Competency Improvement Courses/Skill Development Courses/Foundation Course :- Such value-based subjects can help students grab excellent career opportunities in the long run.

2. Which of the following pramanas are accepted by the Nyāya School? निम्नलिखित में से कौन से प्रमाण न्याय दर्शन द्वारा स्वीकार किए जाते हैं?

(1) Pratyakṣa (perception)

(2) Anumāṇa (inference)

(3) arthāpatti (postulation)

(4) Upamāṇa (comparison)

(5) Śabda (word)

Code :-

(A) 1-2-3-4-5

(B) 1-2-3-4

(D) 1-2-4-5

The Nyaya school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge :- perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), comparison (upamana), and word (shabda).

3. Who gave inductive thinking model?

(A) Hilda Taba

(B) George Michael Pressley

(D) Bill Gordon

(A) Hilda Taba

4. _______ was an ancient university and was famous for Nyaya Shastra and logical sciences. _______ एक प्राचीन विश्वविद्यालय था और न्याय शास्त्र और तार्किक विज्ञान के लिए प्रसिद्ध था।

(A) Ancient Nalanda

(B) Ancient Mithila University

(D) Takshashila

(B) Ancient Mithila University

(Examination System of Ancient Mithila University)

The name of the examination of this university was known as "Salaka Pariksha" (शलाका परीक्षा). It was examined by Dvara-Panditas (who were considered the most learned and revered of the scholars at that time) (जो उस समय विद्वानों में सबसे अधिक विद्वान और श्रद्धेय माने जाते थे). In this examination candidate have to explain the portion of the page in a manuscript which is pierced by a needle. This examination was for candidates to complete graduation certificate.

There was more tough level of examination than Salaka Pariksha in which candidate is required to present himself in the examination by the public. This latter examination was known as "Sadayantra". The scholar or candidate in this examination could be asked to any question on any topic by the people they liked. After passing this Sadayantra test, scholars were honoured by three different classifications Upadhaya, Mahopadhaya and Mahamahopadhaya according to the level of knowledge.

5. Nyaya Shastra was founded by _______. न्याय शास्त्र की स्थापना किसके द्वारा की गई थी?

(A) Uddalaka Aruni

(B) Gargi Vachaknavi

(D) Akṣapāda Gautama

6. _______ was an Indian philosopher and logician. He was the head (The Chancellor) of the Ancient Mithila University also known as Mithila Vidyapeeth. _______ एक भारतीय दार्शनिक और तर्कशास्त्री थे। वह प्राचीन मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय के प्रमुख (कुलाधिपति) थे, जिन्हें मिथिला विद्यापीठ के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।

(A) Raghunatha Shiromani

(B) Gita Govinda

(D) Vācaspati Miśra

(A) Raghunatha Shiromani

7. In Mughal period, Who was an eminent intellectual of the Ancient Mithila University? मुगल काल में, कौन प्राचीन मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय के प्रख्यात बुद्धिजीवी थे?

(A) Raghunandan Dasa

(B) Meghaduta

(D) Vasudeva Sarvabhauma

(A) Raghunandan Dasa

In the 16th century, Mithila emerged as the chief centre of both secular and religious learning. Sanskrit scholars from different parts of India came to Mithila to study Hindu Philosophy.

In Mughal period, Raghunandan Dasa was an eminent intellectual of the university. Mughal Emperor Akbar was very influenced by him, so he gifted him the entire Mithila as a gift.

But Raghunandan Dasa later offered it to his Guru Mahesh Thakur as Guru Dakshina. Mahesh Thakur established Darbhanga Raj Kingdom on the day of Ram Navami in 1557 AD.

8. The minimum period of studentship of Ancient Mithila University was _______ years. प्राचीन मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय की छात्रवृति की न्यूनतम अवधि _______ वर्ष थी।

(A) Four years

(B) Eight years

(D) Sixteen years

(Mock TEST 69) (6 MCQs)

1. As per education in ancient India, ________ is the author of the ancient Indian philosophy of Shankhya Shastra. प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा के अनुसार, ________ सांख्य दर्शन के प्राचीन भारतीय दर्शन के लेखक हैं।

(A) Kapila

(B) Maharshi Panchashikha

(D) Gangeśa Upadhyay

(A) Kapila

Kapila is most well-known as the founder of the Samkhya or Sankya school of Hindu philosophy.

2. Mark the Correct Statement/s about Ancient Mithila University.

(1) Shukhdev came Mithila to study higher spiritual knowledge from the King Janaka. राजा जनक से उच्च आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान का अध्ययन करने के लिए शुखदेव मिथिला आए।

(2) Gangesa Upadhyay of Mithila and Raghunatha Shiromani established a new university for Hindu philosophy at Nabadwip (Nadia district) known as Nabadwip University or Nadia University.

Code :-

(A) Only 2

(B) Only 1

(D) None

Correct Statement #1 :- Shukhdev came Mithila to study higher spiritual knowledge from the King Janaka. राजा जनक से उच्च आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान का अध्ययन करने के लिए शुखदेव मिथिला आए।

Shukadeva is the son of the sage Vyasa (He is traditionally regarded as the author of the Mahabharata.) and the main narrator of the scripture Bhagavata Purana.

Correct Statement #2 :- Gangesa Upadhyay of Mithila and Raghunatha Shiromani established a new university for Hindu philosophy at Nabadwip (Nadia district) known as Nabadwip University or Nadia University.

Gaṅgeśa (गंगेश उपाध्याय, Gaṅgeśa Upādhyāya) was an Indian philosopher, logician and mathematician from the kingdom of Mithila. He established the Navya-Nyāya ("New Logic") school.

Raghunatha Shiromani was an Indian philosopher and logician. He was the head (The Chancellor) of the Ancient Mithila University also known as Mithila Vidyapeeth.

3. _______ was the scholar of Mithila migrated to Nadia to contribute in the establishment of new school of logic known as "Navya Nyaya". _______ मिथिला के विद्वान थे जो "नव्या न्याय" के नाम से जाने जाने वाले तर्क के नए स्कूल की स्थापना में योगदान करने के लिए नादिया चले गए थे।

(A) Vacaspati Mishra

(B) Paksadhara Misra

(D) Gokulnath

(D) Mahamahopadhyaya Gokulnath (1650-1750)

4. A communication scenario in which two teachers are debating about the curriculum for the 21st century and An argument are great instances of :- एक संचार परिदृश्य जिसमें दो शिक्षक 21वीं सदी के पाठ्यक्रम के बारे में बहस कर रहे हैं और एक तर्क किसके उदाहरण हैं?

(A) Diagonal Communication

(B) Group Communication

(D) Lateral Communication

Interpersonal communication is communication between people. It can involve two people or a whole group : what is essential is that there are several people involved.

Interpersonal communication can take many forms. For example it can be verbal (speaking face to face), written (in a letter or an email, for example) or non-verbal (for instance facial expressions and body language).

An interview for a job, An argument, Online chats, a virtual meeting over Zoom or Skype are examples of Interpersonal Communication (पारस्परिक संचार).

5. What is gasohol?

(A) A type of chemical for the decomposition of stubbles ठूंठों के अपघटन के लिए एक प्रकार का रसायन

(B) A type of chemical used for chemical remediation of waste water अपशिष्ट जल के रासायनिक उपचार के लिए प्रयुक्त एक प्रकार का रसायन

(C) An instrument used to detect gas leakages in factories कारखानों में गैस रिसाव का पता लगाने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला उपकरण

(D) Mixture of gasoline and ethanol गैसोलीन और इथेनॉल का मिश्रण

gasohol :- A mixture of petrol (gasoline) and alcohol (i.e. typically ethanol at 10%, or methanol at 3%), used as an alternative fuel for cars and other vehicles in many countries.

Many cars can also use a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% petrol, called E85.

6. Match the following.

(A) Cache Memory (1) Flash Memory

(B) DVD (2) Magnetic Storage

(D) Memory card (4) Volatile Memory

Code :-

(a) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

(b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

(d) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

(Flash memory)

Flash memory also known as flash storage, is a type of non-volatile memory and can hold data even without power, unlike RAM. Flash memory has fast read access time, but it is not as fast as static RAM or ROM.

Flash storage is a data storage technology based on high-speed, electrically programmable memory.

The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash

Flash memory was invented at Toshiba in 1980 and is based on EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) technology.

Portable devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and MP3 players normally use flash memory. USB drives (also called thumb drives and flash drives) and memory cards use flash memory to store data.

(Magnetic memory)

Such memory is often just called core memory, or, informally, core. It is covered with a magnetic coating and stores data in the form of tracks, spots and sectors. Hard disks, zip disks and floppy disks are common examples of magnetic disks.

(Optical storage)

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York defines optical storage as "any storage method that uses a laser to store and retrieve data from optical media."

Compact disc (CD), DVD (Digital versatile disc), compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk read-only memory (DVD-ROM), digital versatile disk random access memory (DVD-RAM), write-once read-many (WORM) cartridges are examples of optical media. Single CDs (compact discs) can hold around 700 MB (megabytes). Single-layer DVDs can hold 4.7 GB, while dual-layered can hold 8.5 GB.

(Volatile memory)

Volatile memory is a type of memory that maintains its data only while the device is powered. If the power is interrupted for any reason, the data is lost.

Volatile memory is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information; it retains its contents while powered on but when the power is interrupted, the stored data is quickly lost.

There are two kinds of volatile RAM :- Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). Even though both types need continuous electrical current to retain data.

Some very typical examples of volatile memory are Cache memory and Random Access Memory (RAM). Volatile memory is a temporary memory because it can only hold the information until the device or the computer runs on power.

(Mock TEST 70) (5 MCQs)

1. What is the name of the process in which the listener provides feedback to the speaker about the message heard and the emotion conveyed and lets the speaker realize how he or she is being understood and respected? उस प्रक्रिया का नाम क्या है जिसमें श्रोता वक्ता को सुने गए संदेश और संप्रेषित भावना के बारे में प्रतिक्रिया प्रदान करता है और वक्ता को यह एहसास कराता है कि उसे कैसे समझा और सम्मानित किया जा रहा है?

(A) Active responding

(B) Active listening

(D) Adaptive teaching

(B) Active listening

Active listening was introduced by Carl Rogers and Richard Farson.

2. Match the following.

(a) Network System (1) ROM

(b) Operating System (2) email

(d) Communication (4) Firewall

Options :-

(A) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(B) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

(D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

Firewall :- In computing, a firewall is a network security system. A Firewall is a security solution for the computers or devices that are connected to a network, they can be either in form of hardware as well as in form of software. It monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing traffic.

Linux Operating System :- first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.

Read-only memory :- Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

NV or non-volatile memory is a term used to describe memory or storage that is saved regardless if the computer has power. It's also called long term storage and permanent storage. An example of non-volatile memory and storage is a computer hard drive, flash memory, and ROM.

Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as firmware. रीड-ओनली मेमोरी सॉफ्टवेयर को स्टोर करने के लिए उपयोगी होती है जिसे सिस्टम के जीवन के दौरान शायद ही कभी बदला जाता है, जिसे फर्मवेयर के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices. It is a communication medium.

In 1971 the first ARPANET network mail was sent. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) protocol was implemented on the ARPANET in 1983.

3. Match the following.

(a) National Education Commission (1) 1956

(b) National Policy on Education (2) 2005

(d) National Knowledge Commission (4) 1964-1966

Options :-

(A) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(B) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

(D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

National Education Commission (1964-1966)

National Education Commission (1964-1966), popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India.

It was formed on 14 July 1964 under the chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari, then chairman of the University Grants Commission.

Dissolved :- 29 June 1966

Headquarters :- New Delhi

National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986

In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education. The new policy called for "special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunity," especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities.

:- The NPE called for a "child-centered approach" in primary education, and launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide.

The policy expanded the open university system with the Indira Gandhi National Open University, which had been created in 1985.

The policy also called for the creation of the "rural university" model, based on the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

1986 education policy expected to spent 6% of GDP on education.

University Grants Commission (UGC) :- It provides recognition to universities in India, and disbursements of funds to such recognized universities and colleges.

A proposal to replace it with another new regulatory body called HECI (Higher Education Council of India) is under consideration by the Government of India.

Headquarters :- New Delhi

Chairman :- Dr Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar

In November 1956 the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament.

National Knowledge Commission :- It was constituted on 13 June 2005, by the then Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh. The NKC website was launched in February 2006.

Chairman :- Sam Pitroda

Dissolved :- July 2014

4. Match the following.

(a) Montreal Protocol (1) reduce greenhouse gas emissions

(b) Earth Summit (2) climate change

(d) Paris Agreement (4) ozone depletion

Options :-

(A) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

(B) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

(D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

Montreal Protocol :- The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.

Earth Summit :- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese :- ECO92), this was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to June 14, 1992.

The primary objective of the Rio "Earth Summit" was to produce a broad agenda and a new blueprint for international action on environmental and development issues.

Kyoto Protocol :- The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

Paris Agreement :- The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. It covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. इसमें जलवायु परिवर्तन शमन, अनुकूलन और वित्त शामिल हैं।

5. Which of the following is NOT a parameter for ranking according to NIRF?

(A) Outreach and inclusivity

(B) Teaching, learning and resources

(D) Graduation outcome

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a methodology adopted by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India.

The Framework was approved by the MHRD and launched by Minister of Human Resource Development on 29 September 2015.

Depending on their areas of operation, institutions have been ranked under 11 different categories – overall, university, colleges, engineering, management, pharmacy, law, medical, architecture, dental and research.

Frequency :- Annual

Publisher :- Ministry of Education

First issue :- 2016

The 2017 ranked lists were released by MHRD on 3 April 2017. While in its first rankings released in 2016, NIRF had four categories (Universities, Engineering, Management and Pharmacy), in 2017, two more categories namely, Overall and College, were added. Around 3,000 institutions participated in the rankings.

The NIRF ranking for 2019 was released on April 8, 2019 in 9 categories which included Overall, Universities, Engineering, Colleges, Management, Pharmacy, Medical, Architecture, and Law.

The 2020 ranked lists were released by MHRD on June 11, 2020. For the first time, the Dental institutes were placed under a different ranking list.

These are Parameters of NIRF :-

(1) Teaching, learning and resources (TLR)

(2) Research, productivity, impact, professional practice and collaborative performance

(3) Graduation outcome (GO)

(4) Outreach and inclusivity (OI)

(5) Perception (PR)

(Mock TEST 71) (5 MCQs)

1. Match the following as per Swayam.

(A) IGNOU (1) under-graduate education

(B) NPTEL (2) Teacher Training programme

(D) NITTTR (4) out-of-school students

Code :-

(a) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

(b) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

(d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

(SWAYAM)

SWAYAM is a programme initiated by Government of India and designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy viz., access, equity and quality.

The objective of this effort is to take the best teaching learning resources to all, including the most disadvantaged (urban and rural poor, migrants, child workers etc).

:- Class 9 till post-graduation to be accessed by anyone, anywhere at any time.

The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants : –

(1) video lecture,

(2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed

(3) self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes and

(4) an online discussion forum for clearing the doubts.

In order to ensure that best quality content is produced and delivered, Nine National Coordinators have been appointed. They are :-

(1) AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) for self-paced and international courses

Self-paced learning means you can learn in your own time and schedule.