Friday, March 31, 2023

Daily Current Affairs 31st March 2023

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Daily Current Affairs 31st March 2023

(1) Who was appointed as the first chief of NASA's "Moon to Mars Program"?

(A) B. N. Suresh

(B) A. S. Kiran Kumar

(C) K. Sivan

(D) Amit Kshatriya


(D) Amit Kshatriya


NASA has recently set up an office for the purpose, which will be headed by Indian-American software and robotics engineer Amit Kshatriya.


(2) Who has become the new Chief Justice of Chhattisgarh High Court? छत्तीसगढ़ उच्च न्यायालय के नए मुख्य न्यायाधीश कौन बने हैं?

(A) Justice Ramesh Sinha

(B) Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah

(C) JJustice M.H. Kania

(D) Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar


(A) Justice Ramesh Sinha


Governor Bishwabhushan Harichandan on Wednesday administered the oath of office to Justice Ramesh Sinha as the 15th Chief Justice of Chhattisgarh high court in the Darbar Hall of the Raj Bhawan.


(3) Which state's 100% railway electrification work has been completed recently? हाल ही में किस राज्य का 100% रेलवे विद्युतीकरण का कार्य पूरा किया गया है?

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Tamil Nadu

(C) Haryana

(D) Madhya Pradesh


(C) Haryana


Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone, by completing 100% electrification of Railway network in Haryana State. 


(4) Who has been appointed as the new CEO of Hero MotoCorp? हीरो मोटोकॉर्प के नए सीईओ के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

(A) Niranjan Gupta

(B) Pawan Munjal 

(C) Devi Prasad Shetty

(D) Kadambini Bose Ganguly


(A) Niranjan Gupta


The Board of Hero MotoCorp has appointed Niranjan Gupta as the new chief executive officer of the company, effective from May 1, 2023.


(5) Tata Power has re-appointed whom as its MD & CEO? टाटा पावर ने फिर से किसे अपना एमडी और सीईओ नियुक्त किया है?

(A) Praveer Sinha

(B) Kumar Verma

(C) Vijay Rathore

(D) Ajay Singh


(A) Praveer Sinha


Tata Power has reappointed Praveer Sinha as the company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Managing Director. He has been reappointed to the post for a period of four years from May 1, 2023, to April 30, 2027.


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1. As per UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), India will achieve Universal Literacy in the year _______. यूनेस्को (संयुक्त राष्ट्र शैक्षिक, वैज्ञानिक और सांस्कृतिक संगठन) के अनुसार, भारत किस वर्ष तक सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता हासिल करेगा?

(A) 2040
(B) 2050
(C) 2060
(D) 2070

(C) 2060

International Literacy Day (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय साक्षरता दिवस) which is celebrated on 8th September every year. 

International Literacy Day was founded by the proclamation of "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO," in 1966.

First International Literacy Day was celebrated in 1967.

International Literacy Day theme for 2022 is "Transforming Literacy Learning Spaces”. 

The National Literacy Mission launched in 1988, now known as the Saakshar Bharat Programme (SBP) and run by the National Literacy Mission Authority.

As per Census 2011, The literacy rate of India is 74.04 percent, 82.14 for males, and 65.46 for females. Kerala retained its position by being on top with a 93.91 percent literacy rate.

2. When did the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) prepare the National Curriculum Framework (NCF)? राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद (NCERT) ने राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्या की रूपरेखा (NCF) कब तैयार की?
(A) 1992
(B) 2001
(C) 2005
(D) 2008

(C) 2005

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous organization (स्वायत्त संगठन) set up in 1961 by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement (गुणात्मक सुधार) in school education.

(Major objectives of NCERT)
:- prepare and publish model textbooks, supplementary material, newsletters, journals and develops educational kits, multimedia digital materials, etc.

The major recommendations of NCF-2005 in addressing elementary education may be summarized as :-
(1) Reducing the curriculum (पाठ्यक्रम) load based on insights provided in "Learning Without Burden". 
(2) Ensuring quality education for all children. 

3. Which commission has stated that the university degree does not be essential for the administrative services? किस आयोग ने कहा है कि प्रशासनिक सेवाओं के लिए विश्वविद्यालय की डिग्री आवश्यक नहीं है?
(A) Radha Krishna Commission
(B) Mudaliar Commission
(C) Kothari Commission
(D) Hunter Commission

(A) Radha Krishna Commission

4. In 1948, the Central Advisory Board of India (CABE) decided to set up which two commissions? 1948 में, भारतीय केंद्रीय सलाहकार बोर्ड ने किन दो आयोगों के गठन का निर्णय लिया?
(1) Radha Krishna Commission
(2) Mudaliar Commission
(3) Kothari Commission
(4) Hunter Commission

Code :-
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1 & 4

(A) 1 & 2

Radha Krishna Commission :- Also known as University Education Commission 1948-49

After independence, the Radhakrishnan Commission was set-up in November, 1948 to review university education. The Radha Krishna Commission was established to assess the current situation of Indian University Education and offer suggestions for improvements. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan was appointed head of the Commission on University Education. 

(Recommendations)
:- Raised pay scale for teachers.
:- The establishment of a University Grants Commission.

After Independence government of India appointed university education commission under the chairmanship of Dr Sarvapali Radhakrishnan a distinguished scholar and former vice chancellor of Banaras University. The commission was inaugurated by then education minister of India Maulana Azad on Dec 06, 1948. The commission submitted its report in Aug 1949. There were 10 members in the commission.

Mudaliar Commission :- Mudaliar Commission is an education commission set up with the aim of examining the system of secondary education in India. It is also called as Secondary Education Commission which has been come in 1952-53 under the chairmanship of Dr. A Laxman Swami Mudaliar. 

Dr. A. Lakshmanswami Mudaliar was the Vice-Chancellor of Madras University.

Appointment :- Appointed by the Govt. Of India on the recommendation of Central Advisory Board of India (CABE) on 23rd September, 1952

Report :- Submitted on 29th August, 1953

The aim of this commission was to examine the existing system of secondary education in the country. It aims to suggest measures to improve it.

Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) :- The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) is the highest advisory body to advise the Central and State Governments in the field of education. It is the oldest and the most important advisory body of the Government of India in education. CABE is the policy making advisory body of the Ministry of Education.

It was first established in 1920 and dissolved in 1923 due to financial crisis. It was revived in 1935 and has been in existence ever since.

The idea that there should be a Central Advisory Board of Education was first put forward by the Calcutta University Commission (1917-19). 

5. Which committee recommended the set up of IIT's, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)? मैसाचुसेट्स इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी (MIT) की तर्ज पर किस समिति ने IIT की स्थापना की सिफारिश की?
(A) KV Kamath Committee
(B) Bhurelal Committee
(C) Kasturirangan Committee
(D) Nalini Ranjan Sarkar committee

(D) Nalini Ranjan Sarkar committee

Nalini Ranjan Sarkar :- Nalini Ranjan Sarkar was an Indian businessman, industrialist, economist, and public leader. The Sarkar Committee Report was instrumental in the subsequent establishment of the four Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) by the Government of India.

He also acted as the vice-president of National Council of Education, Bengal, and contributed to the spread of education in India. He was the Pro-Chancellor of Delhi University during the period 1941–42 as well as Banaras Hindu University. He also served as the Chairman of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) during 1946 – 1952.

6. One of the recommendations made by the _______ Commission was that a percentage of higher salaries for the teachers so that they could get the motivation for teaching. किस आयोग द्वारा की गई सिफारिशों में से एक यह थी कि शिक्षकों के लिए उच्च वेतन का प्रतिशत हो ताकि उन्हें शिक्षण के लिए प्रेरणा मिल सके?
(A) Radha Krishna Commission
(B) Mudaliar Commission
(C) Kothari Commission
(D) National Knowledge Commission

(A) Radha Krishna Commission || University Education Commission 1948-49

7. Which policy also called for the creation of a "Rural University" model based on Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India? किस नीति ने ग्रामीण भारत में जमीनी स्तर पर आर्थिक और सामाजिक विकास को बढ़ावा देने के लिए महात्मा गांधी के दर्शन पर आधारित "ग्रामीण विश्वविद्यालय" मॉडल के निर्माण का भी आह्वान किया?
(A) NPE 1968
(B) NPE 1986
(C) Both (A) & (B) 
(D) NEP 2020

(B) NPE 1986

8. Which policy launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide? देश भर में प्राथमिक विद्यालयों को बेहतर बनाने के लिए किस नीति ने "ऑपरेशन ब्लैकबोर्ड" शुरू किया?
(A) NPE 1968
(B) NPE 1986
(C) National Education Policy 2020
(D) Both (A) & (B)

(B) NPE 1986

NPE 1986 :- This policy aimed at special emphasis on the removal of disparities (असमानताओं) and to equalize educational opportunity, especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities.

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Tuesday, March 28, 2023

UGC NET Paper 1

International Solar Alliance (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन)

1. The initiative to establish the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was jointly taken by _______. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) की स्थापना की पहल संयुक्त रूप से किसके द्वारा की गई थी?
(A) India & USA
(B) India & France
(C) India & UK
(D) India & Germany

(B) India & France

The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of signatory countries, most being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and receive sunshine for more than 300 days. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देशों का एक गठबंधन है, जिनमें से अधिकांश धूप वाले देश हैं, जो या तो पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच स्थित हैं।

Signatory Country :- Signatory Country means a country which has signed the Agreement but has yet to deposit its instrument of ratification, acceptance, or approval (अनुसमर्थन, स्वीकृति या अनुमोदन).
The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient consumption of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. गठबंधन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य जीवाश्म ईंधन पर निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए सौर ऊर्जा की कुशल खपत के लिए काम करना है।

The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient consumption of solar energy to reduce the dependence on non-renewable sources of energy like fossil fuels. गठबंधन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य जीवाश्म ईंधन जैसे ऊर्जा के गैर-नवीकरणीय स्रोतों पर निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए सौर ऊर्जा की कुशल खपत के लिए काम करना है।

There are four major types of nonrenewable resources :- oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas, and coal are collectively called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were formed within the Earth from dead plants and animals over millions of years—hence the name “fossil” fuels.

The most well-known impact of using non-renewable energy sources is the emission of greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide and methane, which contribute to climate change.

This initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a speech in November 2015 at Wembley Stadium (United Kingdom), in which he referred to sunshine countries as Suryaputra ("Sons of the Sun").

The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization. गठबंधन एक संधि आधारित अंतर-सरकारी संगठन है।

:- Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights.

2. When was ISA established? आईएसए की स्थापना कब हुई थी?
(A) 2011
(B) 2013
(C) 2015
(D) 2018

(C) 2015

The initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India Africa Summit, and a meeting of member countries ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in November 2015. The establishment of ISA was announced at the 21st session of United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP-21) in Paris, France held on November 30, 2015.

3. Where was the Framework Agreement of the International Solar Alliance open for signing? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का ढांचा समझौता कहाँ पर हस्ताक्षर के लिए खुला था?
(A) Marrakesh, Morocco
(B) Berlin, Germany
(C) Geneva, Switzerland
(D) Bonn, Germany

(A) Marrakesh, Morocco

4. The ISA is headquartered in _______. आईएसए का मुख्यालय कहाँ है?
(A) Germany
(B) New Delhi 
(C) France
(D) Gurugram

(D) Gurugram

In January 2016, Narendra Modi, and the then French President François Hollande jointly laid the foundation stone of the ISA Headquarters and inaugurated the interim Secretariat at the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) in Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India. 

The alliance is also called International Agency for Solar Policy and Application (IASPA).

5. India set a target to install 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022. What is the solar energy target of India by 2022? भारत ने 2022 तक 175 गीगावॉट अक्षय ऊर्जा क्षमता स्थापित करने का लक्ष्य रखा है। 2022 तक भारत का सौर ऊर्जा लक्ष्य क्या है?
(A) 120 GW
(B) 100 GW
(C) 80 GW
(D) 60 GW

(B) 100 GW
This includes 100 GW of solar energy, 60 GW of wind energy, 10 GW of biomass power, and 5 GW of small hydro power.

:- National Solar Mission was launched in 2010 to promote solar power in the country.

:- The rooftop solar programme was launched in February 2019. 

:- Reduction in emission intensity by 33–35% by 2030.

6. The country's solar installed capacity was _______ as of 31st January 2022.
(A) 48.645 GW
(B) 45.552 GW
(C) 50.777 GW
(D) 57.392 GW

(C) 50.777 GW

The area of Earth located in between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is called the tropical (torrid) zone. his is the part of the world in which the sun can appear directly overhead. वह दुनिया का वह हिस्सा है जिसमें सूर्य सीधे ऊपर दिखाई दे सकता है।

:- The alliance has partnered with World Bank to launch Global Solar Atlas at an ISA event at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi.

Global Solar Atlas :- The Global Solar Atlas (GSA) is a free, online, map-based application that provides information on solar resource globally.

NTA UGC NET Paper 1 International Solar Alliance अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन

International Solar Alliance (ISA) (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन)

The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of 121 countries initiated by India, most of them being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. भारत द्वारा शुरू किए गए 121 देशों का एक गठबंधन है, उनमें से ज्यादातर धूप वाले देश हैं, जो पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच स्थित हैं।

The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient exploitation of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. गठबंधन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य जीवाश्म ईंधन पर निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए सौर ऊर्जा के कुशल दोहन के लिए काम करना है।

This initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a speech in November 2015 at Wembley Stadium (London), in which he referred to sunshine countries as Suryaputra ("Sons of the Sun").

The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization. गठबंधन एक संधि-आधारित अंतर-सरकारी संगठन है। Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states world-wide. संयुक्त राष्ट्र के बाद, यह दुनिया भर में राज्यों का सबसे बड़ा समूह है।

The initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India Africa Summit, and a meeting of member countries ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in November 2015. इस पहल को प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने इंडिया अफ्रीका शिखर सम्मेलन में और नवंबर 2015 में पेरिस में 2015 के संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन से पहले सदस्य देशों की बैठक शुरू की थी। The framework agreement of the International Solar Alliance opened for signature in (Conference of the Parties) CoP-22, Marrakech, Morocco in November 2016, and 200 countries have joined. नवंबर 2016 में मोरक्को के माराकेच में हस्ताक्षर के लिए खोले गए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का ढांचा समझौता, और 200 देश शामिल हो गए हैं।

It is headquartered in India. In January 2016, Narendra Modi, and the then French President François Hollande jointly laid the foundation stone of the ISA Headquarters and inaugurated the interim (temporary) Secretariat at the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) in Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India. जनवरी 2016 में, नरेंद्र मोदी, और तत्कालीन फ्रांसीसी राष्ट्रपति फ्रांस्वा ओलांद ने संयुक्त रूप से आईएसए मुख्यालय की आधारशिला रखी और ग्वाल पहाड़ी, गुरुग्राम, भारत में राष्ट्रीय सौर ऊर्जा संस्थान (एनआईएसई) में अस्थायी सचिवालय का उद्घाटन किया।

The alliance is also called International Agency for Solar Policy and Application (IASPA).

The focus is on solar power utilization. सौर ऊर्जा उपयोग पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया गया है। India has pledged a target of installing 100GW by 2022 and reduction in emission intensity by 33–35% by 2030 to let solar energy reach to the most unconnected villages and communities and also towards creating a clean planet. भारत ने 2022 तक 100GW स्थापित करने और 2030 तक उत्सर्जन की तीव्रता में 33-30% की कमी लाने का लक्ष्य रखा है ताकि सौर ऊर्जा को सबसे असंबद्ध गाँवों और समुदायों तक पहुँचाया जा सके और एक स्वच्छ ग्रह बनाने की दिशा में भी।
India's pledge to the Paris summit offered to bring 40% of its electricity generation capacity from non-fossil sources (renewable, large hydro, and nuclear) by 2030. पेरिस शिखर सम्मेलन में भारत की शपथ ने 2030 तक गैर-जीवाश्म स्रोतों (अक्षय, बड़े हाइड्रो और परमाणु) से अपनी बिजली उत्पादन क्षमता का 40% लाने की पेशकश की।

The area of Earth located in between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is called the tropical (torrid) zone. कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच में स्थित पृथ्वी के क्षेत्र को उष्ण कटिबंधीय (सूखा) क्षेत्र कहा जाता है।
torrid :- very hot and dry
The sunniest (bright with sunlight) countries of the world are on the African continent (अफ्रीकी महाद्वीप).

The alliance has partnered with World Bank to launch Global Solar Atlas at an ISA event at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi. Global Solar Atlas is a free online tool that displays annual average solar power potential at any location in the world and thus identify potential sites for solar power generation. ग्लोबल सोलर एटलस एक मुफ्त ऑनलाइन उपकरण है जो दुनिया के किसी भी स्थान पर वार्षिक औसत सौर ऊर्जा क्षमता प्रदर्शित करता है और इस प्रकार सौर ऊर्जा उत्पादन के लिए संभावित स्थलों की पहचान करता है। At the World Future Energy Summit (WFES) held in Abu Dhabi in January 2018, the government of India announced the establishment of a $350 million solar development fund to enable financing of solar projects. जनवरी 2018 में अबू धाबी में आयोजित विश्व भविष्य ऊर्जा शिखर सम्मेलन (डब्ल्यूएफईएस) में, भारत सरकार ने सौर परियोजनाओं के वित्तपोषण के लिए 350 मिलियन डॉलर के सौर विकास कोष की स्थापना की घोषणा की।
The alliance will endorse India in achieving its goal of generating 100 GW of solar energy and 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022. गठबंधन 2022 तक 100 गीगावॉट सौर ऊर्जा और 175 गीगावॉट अक्षय ऊर्जा पैदा करने के अपने लक्ष्य को हासिल करने में भारत का समर्थन करेगा।

:- To mobilize investments of more than USD 1000 billion by 2030; 2030 तक USD 1000 बिलियन से अधिक का निवेश जुटाना;
The International Solar Alliance is headed by the Director General, who leads the operations and carries out the functions of the ISA Secretariat and is responsible to the ISA Assembly. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का नेतृत्व महानिदेशक द्वारा किया जाता है, जो संचालन का नेतृत्व करता है और आईएसए सचिवालय के कार्यों को करता है और आईएसए विधानसभा के लिए जिम्मेदार है। The Director General has a term of four years and is eligible for re-election. Mr. Upendra Tripathy holds the office of the Director General presently. महानिदेशक का कार्यकाल चार वर्ष का होता है और वह पुन: चुनाव के लिए पात्र होता है। श्री उपेंद्र त्रिपाठी वर्तमान में महानिदेशक का पद संभाल रहे हैं।

Vision (दृष्टि) :- Let us together make the sun brighter. (आइए हम सब मिलकर सूर्य को उज्जवल बनाएं।)
Mission :- Every home no matter how far away, will have a light at home. हर घर चाहे कितना ही दूर क्यों न हो, घर में रोशनी अवश्य होगी।

ISA Partner Organisations :- 
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम, Green Climate Fund, International Energy Agency (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा संस्था), Asian Development Bank (ADB) एशियाई विकास बैंक, European Union (EU) यूरोपीय संघ, World Bank (विश्व बैंक), Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), etc.

ISA Corporate partners :- 
:- SoftBank Group
:- Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) (ग्रामीण विद्युतीकरण निगम लिमिटेड)
:- Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) भारतीय अक्षय ऊर्जा विकास एजेंसी
:- Power Grid Corporation of India
:- Power Finance Corporation
:- NTPC Limited
:- Solar Energy Corporation of India (भारत का सौर ऊर्जा निगम)
:- CLP Power India Private Limited
:- Coal India Limited
:- India Trade Promotion Organisation (भारत व्यापार संवर्धन संगठन)

Where will it be?
3rd ISA Assembly :- 
13 - 16 Oct 2020
New Delhi (India)

UN Secretary-General's Climate Action Summit, + 75th anniversary of the UN :- 
September 2020
New York (USA)

As of 1 July 2019, Countries who have Signed and Ratified the ISA Framework Agreement :- 
:- 67 countries have signed and ratified the ISA Framework Agreement. 67 देशों ने आईएसए फ्रेमवर्क समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर और पुष्टि की है।
(67th) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
:- Signatory Countries (हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देश)
86 countries have signed the ISA Framework Agreement. 86 देशों ने ISA फ्रेमवर्क समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं।
(86th Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)

Awards (पुरस्कार) :- 
ISA awards are institutionalised to promote the awareness about ISA and to incentivize the advances to be made in Solar Energy under the aegis of ISA. आईएसए के बारे में जागरूकता को बढ़ावा देने और आईएसए के तत्वावधान में सौर ऊर्जा में किए जाने वाले अग्रिमों को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए आईएसए पुरस्कारों को संस्थागत बनाया गया है।
Kalpana Chawla Haryana Solar Award (Haryana) 
:- The state of Haryana sanctioned a fund of INR 10 crores for instituting the solar award. हरियाणा राज्य ने सौर पुरस्कार की स्थापना के लिए INR 10 करोड़ के कोष को मंजूरी दी।
:- The solar award has been instituted for scientists from ISA member countries working in the field of solar energy. 

ISA-Karnataka Visvesvraya Solar Award (Karnataka) 
:- The state of Karnataka will sanction a fund of INR 10 crores for instituting the Visvesvraya Solar Award for best floating solar project.

ISA Madhya Pradesh Acharya Vinoba Bhave International Solar Pump Award (Madhya Pradesh)
:- The state of Madhya Pradesh sanctioned a fund of INR 10 crores for instituting the solar pump award.
:- The objective of the award is to promote outstanding work in the field of solar pumps. पुरस्कार का उद्देश्य सोलर पंप के क्षेत्र में उत्कृष्ट कार्य को बढ़ावा देना है।

First Assembly of the ISA :- The first Assembly of the ISA was held from 2nd to 5th October 2018 in Greater Noida, National Capital Region, India.
Second Assembly of the ISA :- The second Assembly of the ISA was convened from 30th October to 1st November 2019 at New Delhi, India. Hosted by MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) (नवीन और नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा मंत्रालय)
3rd ISA Assembly :- 
13 - 16 Oct 2020
New Delhi (India)

Membership of the ISA Committees :- आईएसए समितियों की सदस्यता: -
Standing Committee (स्थाई समिति) :- 
President :- India
Co-President :- France
Vice-President - Africa region :- Togo
Additional Member (अतिरिक्त सदस्य) - Africa region :- Niger
Vice-President - Asia & Pacific region (उपराष्ट्रपति - एशिया और प्रशांत क्षेत्र) :- Tonga
Additional Member - Asia & Pacific region :- Sri Lanka 
Vice-President – Europe & Others region :- To be settled
Additional Member – Europe & Others region :- To be settled
Vice-President - Latin America & the Caribbean region :- Peru
Additional Member - Latin America & the Caribbean region - Venezuela

Regional Committee for Africa region (अफ्रीका क्षेत्र के लिए क्षेत्रीय समिति) :- 
Chair :- Togo
Vice-Chair :- Ghana
Member :- Niger

Regional Committee for Asia & Pacific region (एशिया और प्रशांत क्षेत्र के लिए क्षेत्रीय समिति) :- 
Chair :- Tonga
Vice-Chair :- Sri Lanka
Member :- Kiribati

Regional Committee for Europe & Others region (यूरोप और अन्य क्षेत्र के लिए क्षेत्रीय समिति) :-
Chair :- To be settled
Vice-Chair :- To be settled
Member :- To be settled

Regional Committee for Latin America & Caribbean region (लैटिन अमेरिका और कैरेबियन क्षेत्र के लिए क्षेत्रीय समिति) :- 
Chair :- Peru
Vice-Chair :- To be settled
Member :- Venezuela
Additional Member :- To be settled

Members of the Programme Committee (कार्यक्रम समिति के सदस्य) :-
Chair :- Comoros
Vice-Chair :- Suriname
Member :- Mali, Papua New Guinea & Suriname

Members of the Finance Committee (वित्त समिति के सदस्य) :-
Chair :- Fiji
Vice-Chair :- Guyana
Member :- Ghana, Nauru & Niger

Members of the General and Legal Committee (सामान्य और कानूनी समिति के सदस्य) :-
Chair :- Australia
Vice-Chair :- Somalia
Member :- Bangladesh, Seychelles & Venezuela

ISA aims to make solar energy available 24×7 at near-zero cost to all. 
SDGs 7 :- By 2030, Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy (2030 तक, सस्ती, विश्वसनीय, टिकाऊ और आधुनिक ऊर्जा तक पहुंच सुनिश्चित करना)
:- 13% of the global population still lacks access to modern electricity. वैश्विक आबादी का 13% अभी भी आधुनिक बिजली तक पहुंच का अभाव है।
:- 3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating. 3 बिलियन लोग खाना पकाने और हीटिंग के लिए लकड़ी, कोयला, लकड़ी का कोयला या जानवरों के कचरे पर निर्भर हैं। 

According to the Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India, The International Solar Alliance (ISA) has 121 countries and territories.
Steering Committee of the International Solar Alliance, open to all member countries, held its first meeting on 1st December 2015. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन की संचालन समिति, सभी सदस्य देशों के लिए खुली, 1 दिसंबर 2015 को इसकी पहली बैठक हुई।

(MCQs)

1. The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of more than _______ countries initiated by India, most of them being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन भारत द्वारा शुरू किए गए _______ से अधिक देशों का एक गठबंधन है, जिनमें से ज्यादातर धूप वाले देश हैं, जो पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच स्थित हैं।
(A) 98
(B) 118
(C) 120
(D) 122

(D) 122

2. The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient exploitation of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister _______ in a speech in November 2015 at Wembley Stadium, in which he referred to sunshine countries as Suryaputra ("Sons of the Sun"). गठबंधन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य सौर ऊर्जा के कुशल दोहन के लिए काम करना है ताकि जीवाश्म ईंधन पर निर्भरता कम हो सके। इस पहल को पहली बार नवंबर 2015 में वेम्बली स्टेडियम में एक भाषण में भारतीय प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी द्वारा प्रस्तावित किया गया था, जिसमें उन्होंने धूप वाले देशों को सूर्यपुत्र ("सूर्य के बेटे") कहा था।
(A) Manmohan Singh
(B) Inder Kumar Gujral
(C) Narendra Modi
(D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee

(C) Narendra Modi

3. The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization. Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights. गठबंधन एक संधि-आधारित अंतर-सरकारी संगठन है। ट्रॉपिक्स के दायरे में नहीं आने वाले देश गठबंधन में शामिल हो सकते हैं और मतदान के अधिकारों के अपवाद (आपत्ति) के साथ अन्य सदस्यों के रूप में सभी लाभों का आनंद ले सकते हैं।
(A) True
(B) False

(A) True

4. The initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India Africa Summit, and a meeting of member countries ahead of the _______ in Paris in November 2015. इस पहल की शुरूआत प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने इंडिया अफ्रीका समिट में की थी, और नवंबर 2015 में पेरिस में _______ से पहले सदस्य देशों की बैठक हुई।
(A) 2014 UNCCC
(B) UNFCCC
(C) 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(D) 2015 UNCCC
(E) UNESCO

(D) 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (2015 के संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन)

5. The framework agreement of the International Solar Alliance opened for signatures in _______ in November 2016, and 122 countries have joined. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन के ढांचे समझौता नवंबर 2016 में _______ में हस्ताक्षर के लिए खोला, और 122 देश में शामिल हो गए।
(A) Beijing (China)
(B) Marrakech (Morocco)
(C) Kyoto (Japan)
(D) New York (United States)

(B) Marrakech (Morocco) (माराकेच | मोरक्को)

6. Mark The Correct Statement About International Solar Alliance (ISA).
(A) The purpose of International Solar Alliance is Bring together a group of nations to endorse clean energy, sustainable environment, public transport and climate. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का उद्देश्य स्वच्छ ऊर्जा, स्थायी पर्यावरण, सार्वजनिक परिवहन और जलवायु के समर्थन के लिए राष्ट्रों के एक समूह को साथ लाना है।
(B) It is headquartered in India. इसका मुख्यालय भारत में है।

Codes :-
(1) Only A
(2) Only B
(3) Both (A) & (B)
(4) None of These इनमें से कोई नहीं

Correct Code :- (3) Both (A) & (B)
(A) The purpose of International Solar Alliance is Bring together a group of nations to endorse clean energy, sustainable environment, public transport and climate. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन का उद्देश्य स्वच्छ ऊर्जा, स्थायी पर्यावरण, सार्वजनिक परिवहन और जलवायु के समर्थन के लिए राष्ट्रों के एक समूह को साथ लाना है।
(B) It is headquartered in India. इसका मुख्यालय भारत में है।

7. In January 2016, Narendra Modi, and the then _______ jointly laid the foundation stone of the ISA Headquarters and inaugurated the interim Secretariat at the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) in Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India. जनवरी 2016 में, नरेंद्र मोदी, और तत्कालीन _______ ने संयुक्त रूप से आईएसए मुख्यालय की आधारशिला रखी और ग्वाल पहाड़ी, गुरुग्राम, भारत में राष्ट्रीय सौर ऊर्जा संस्थान (एनआईएसई) में अंतरिम सचिवालय का उद्घाटन किया।
(A) French President François Hollande
(B) U.S. President Barack Obama
(C) U.S. President Donald John Trump
(D) Russia President Vladimir Putin
(E) Australia Prime Minister Scott Morrison

(A) French President François Hollande

8. The Indian government has dedicated five acres of land on the NISE (National Institute of Solar Energy) campus for its future headquarters; it also has contributed ₹1.75 billion (US$25 million) to the fund to build a campus and for meeting expenditures for the first five years. The alliance is also called _______. भारत सरकार ने अपने भविष्य के मुख्यालय के लिए NISE (राष्ट्रीय सौर ऊर्जा संस्थान) परिसर में पांच एकड़ भूमि समर्पित की है; इसने कैंपस बनाने और पहले पांच साल के खर्चों को पूरा करने के लिए फंड में 1.75 बिलियन (US $ 25 मिलियन) का योगदान दिया है। गठबंधन को _______ भी कहा जाता है।
(A) BEE
(B) IREA
(C) IASPA
(D) World Energy Resources and Consumption विश्व ऊर्जा संसाधन और उपभोग

(C) International Agency for Solar Policy and Application (IASPA) सौर नीति और अनुप्रयोग के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय एजेंसी

9. Mark The Correct Statement About International Solar Alliance (ISA).
(1) The focus is on solar power utilization. ध्यान सौर ऊर्जा के उपयोग पर है।
(2) India's pledge to the Paris summit offered to bring 40% of its electricity generation capacity (not actual production) from non-fossil sources (renewable, large hydro, and nuclear) by 2030. it is based on world co operation. भारत ने पेरिस शिखर सम्मेलन में 2030 तक गैर-जीवाश्म स्रोतों (नवीकरणीय, बड़े जल और परमाणु) से अपनी बिजली उत्पादन क्षमता (वास्तविक उत्पादन नहीं) का 40% लाने की पेशकश की। यह विश्व सहकारिता पर आधारित है।

Codes :-
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both (1) & (2)
(D) None of These

Correct Code :- (C) Both (1) & (2)
(1) The focus is on solar power utilization. ध्यान सौर ऊर्जा के उपयोग पर है।
(2) India's pledge to the Paris summit offered to bring 40% of its electricity generation capacity (not actual production) from non-fossil sources (renewable, large hydro, and nuclear) by 2030. it is based on world co operation. भारत ने पेरिस शिखर सम्मेलन में 2030 तक गैर-जीवाश्म स्रोतों (नवीकरणीय, बड़े जल और परमाणु) से अपनी बिजली उत्पादन क्षमता (वास्तविक उत्पादन नहीं) का 40% लाने की पेशकश की। यह विश्व सहकारिता पर आधारित है।

10. India has pledged a target of installing 100GW by 2022 and reduction in emission intensity by _______ by 2030 to let solar energy reach to the most unconnected villages and communities and also towards creating a clean planet. भारत ने 2022 तक 100GW स्थापित करने और 2030 तक उत्सर्जन तीव्रता में कमी को _______ तक कम करने का लक्ष्य रखा है ताकि सौर ऊर्जा को सबसे असंबद्ध गाँवों और समुदायों तक पहुँचाया जा सके और एक स्वच्छ ग्रह बनाने की दिशा में भी।
(A) 25-28%
(B) 33-35%
(C) 42-48%
(D) 54%

(B) 33-35%

11. According to Geographical importance, The area of Earth located in between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is called the _______. भौगोलिक महत्व के अनुसार, कर्क रेखा और मकर रेखा के बीच स्थित पृथ्वी के क्षेत्र को _______ कहा जाता है।
(A) Semi Arid Region अर्ध शुष्क क्षेत्र
(B) Dhanoa zone धनोआ अंचल
(C) Tropical Semiarid zone 
(D) Torrid zone

(D) उष्णकटिबंधीय (पर्वतीय) क्षेत्र Tropical (Torrid/गर्म/उष्ण) Zone

12. A conclave started from 30 November 2015 for the sunshine grouping, called the InSPA (International Agency for Solar Policy & Application). _______ is the latest country to join this alliance. सनशाइन ग्रुपिंग के लिए 30 नवंबर 2015 से एक कॉन्क्लेव शुरू हुआ, जिसे InSPA (इंटरनेशनल एजेंसी फॉर सोलर पॉलिसी एंड एप्लीकेशन) कहा जाता है। _______ इस गठबंधन में शामिल होने वाला नवीनतम देश है।
(A) Australia
(B) Bolivia
(C) Chile
(D) Democratic Republic of the Congo
(E) Ethiopia

(B) Bolivia | Bolivia signed the framework agreement during the state visit by the President of India to Bolivia on 2/04/2019. बोलीविया ने 2/04/2019 को भारत के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा राजकीय यात्रा के दौरान फ्रेमवर्क समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए।

13. The alliance has partnered with _______ to launch Global Solar Atlas at an ISA event at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi. Global Solar Atlas is a free online tool that displays annual average solar power potential at any location in the world and thus identify potential sites for solar power generation. गठबंधन ने अबू धाबी में विश्व भविष्य ऊर्जा शिखर सम्मेलन में आईएसए इवेंट में ग्लोबल सोलर एटलस लॉन्च करने के लिए _______ के साथ साझेदारी की है। ग्लोबल सोलर एटलस एक मुफ्त ऑनलाइन उपकरण है जो दुनिया के किसी भी स्थान पर वार्षिक औसत सौर ऊर्जा क्षमता प्रदर्शित करता है और इस प्रकार सौर ऊर्जा उत्पादन के लिए संभावित स्थलों की पहचान करता है।
(A) UNDP
(B) UNFCCC
(C) World Bank
(D) Google

(C) World Bank

14. India, with the support of France, has invited nations to facilitate infrastructure for implementation of solar projects. The alliance will endorse India in achieving its goal of generating _______ of solar energy and 175GW of renewable energy by 2022. भारत, फ्रांस के समर्थन के साथ, सौर परियोजनाओं के कार्यान्वयन के लिए बुनियादी ढांचे की सुविधा के लिए राष्ट्रों को आमंत्रित किया है। गठबंधन 2022 तक _______ सौर ऊर्जा और 175GW नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा पैदा करने के अपने लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने में भारत का समर्थन करेगा।
(A) 50 GW
(B) 100 GW
(C) 125 GW
(D) 75 GW

(B) 100 GW

15. At the World Future Energy Summit (WFES) held in Abu Dhabi in January 2018, the government of India announced the establishment of a _______ solar development fund to enable financing of solar projects. जनवरी 2018 में अबू धाबी में आयोजित विश्व भविष्य ऊर्जा शिखर सम्मेलन (डब्ल्यूएफईएस) में, भारत सरकार ने सौर परियोजनाओं के वित्तपोषण को सक्षम करने के लिए _______ के सौर विकास कोष की स्थापना की घोषणा की।
(A) $250 million
(B) $350 million
(C) $450 million
(D) $580 million

(B) $350 million

16. On June 30, 2016, the alliance entered into an understanding with the World Bank for accelerating mobilization of finance for solar energy. The Bank will have a major role in mobilizing more than _______ in investments that will be needed by 2030, to meet ISA’s goals for the massive deployment of affordable solar energy. 30 जून 2016 को, गठबंधन ने विश्व बैंक के साथ सौर ऊर्जा के लिए वित्त जुटाने में तेजी लाने के लिए एक समझ बनाई। सस्ती सौर ऊर्जा की बड़े पैमाने पर तैनाती के लिए आईएसए के लक्ष्यों को पूरा करने के लिए 2030 तक निवेश में _______ से अधिक जुटाने में बैंक की प्रमुख भूमिका होगी। 
(A) US $1000 billion
(B) US $2000 billion
(C) US $2500 billion
(D) US $3000 billion

(A) US $1000 billion

17. Mark The Correct Statement About International Solar Alliance (ISA). अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) के बारे में सही कथन को चिह्नित करें।
(1) It will be recognized by UN legally to become fully functionable. इसे संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा कानूनी रूप से पूरी तरह से कार्य करने योग्य बनने के लिए मान्यता दी जाएगी।
(2) H.E. Upendra Tripathy is the head of ISA in 2020. 
(3) It is also seen as an alliance by the developing countries to form a united front and to undertake research and development for making solar power equipment within developing countries. इसे विकासशील देशों द्वारा एक संयुक्त मोर्चा बनाने और विकासशील देशों के भीतर सौर ऊर्जा उपकरण बनाने के लिए अनुसंधान और विकास के लिए एक गठबंधन के रूप में भी देखा जाता है।

Codes :-
(A) Only 3
(B) Only 2
(C) 2 & 3
(D) 1/2/3

(D) 1/2/3

18. What are the Five Key Focus Areas ? पांच प्रमुख फोकस क्षेत्र क्या हैं?
Key focus areas to achieve these objectives are to :- इन उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए मुख्य फोकस क्षेत्र हैं: -
(1) :- promote solar technologies, new business models and investment in the solar sector to enhance prosperity समृद्धि बढ़ाने के लिए सौर प्रौद्योगिकियों, नए व्यापार मॉडल और सौर क्षेत्र में निवेश को बढ़ावा देना
(2) :- formulate projects and programmes to promote solar applications सौर अनुप्रयोगों को बढ़ावा देने के लिए परियोजनाओं और कार्यक्रमों का निर्माण
(3) :- develop innovative financial mechanisms to reduce cost of capital पूंजी की लागत को कम करने के लिए नवीन वित्तीय तंत्र विकसित करना
(4) :- build a common knowledge e-Portal एक सामान्य ज्ञान ई-पोर्टल का निर्माण
(5) :- facilitate capacity building for promotion and absorption of solar technologies and R&D among member countries सदस्य देशों के बीच सौर प्रौद्योगिकियों और अनुसंधान एवं विकास को बढ़ावा देने और अवशोषण के लिए क्षमता निर्माण की सुविधा

19. Some of the short-term priorities, as enlisted by ISA are as follows :- आईएसए द्वारा सूचीबद्ध की गई अल्पकालिक प्राथमिकताओं में से कुछ इस प्रकार हैं: -
(1) :- Assisting member countries in drafting solar policies; सौर नीतियों का मसौदा तैयार करने में सदस्य देशों की सहायता करना;
(2) :- Development of standards, specifications and test protocols for solar energy systems; सौर ऊर्जा प्रणालियों के लिए मानकों, विनिर्देशों और परीक्षण प्रोटोकॉल का विकास;
(3) :- Encouraging collaborations in solar resource mapping in member countries and the deployment of suitable technologies; सदस्य देशों में सौर संसाधन मानचित्रण में सहयोग को प्रोत्साहित करना और उपयुक्त प्रौद्योगिकियों की तैनाती;
(4) :- Designing training programmes for students/engineers/policymakers, etc., and organizing workshops, focused meetings and conferences. छात्रों / इंजीनियरों / नीति निर्धारकों आदि के लिए प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम डिजाइन करना, और कार्यशालाओं का आयोजन, केंद्रित बैठकें और सम्मेलन।
(5) :- Working with ISA member countries to strive for universal access to solar lighting. सौर प्रकाश व्यवस्था के लिए सार्वभौमिक पहुंच के लिए आईएसए सदस्य देशों के साथ काम करना।

20. The Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, The first Assembly of the International Solar Alliance held at Vigyan Bhawan in Delhi On _______. प्रधान मंत्री, श्री नरेंद्र मोदी, ने दिल्ली के विज्ञान भवन में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन की पहली विधानसभा द्वारा कब आयोजित की गई।
(A) 2nd October 2017
(B) 2nd October 2018
(C) 7th April 2019
(D) 12th December 2018

(B) 2nd October 2018

21. The ISA Framework Agreement was opened for signature on 15 November 2016 in Marrakech, Morocco, on the side-lines of (Conference of the Parties) CoP ________. आईएसए फ्रेमवर्क समझौते को 15 नवंबर 2016 को मोरक्को के माराकेच में (पार्टियों के सम्मेलन) सीओपी _______ की ओर की तर्ज पर हस्ताक्षर के लिए खोला गया था।
(A) CoP 22
(B) CoP 24
(C) CoP 26
(D) CoP 30

(A) CoP-22

22. ISA aims to invest $1 trillion, raised from public and private investors, for solar projects that will provide ______ TW (Terawatt) of solar energy globally. आईएसए का लक्ष्य सार्वजनिक और निजी निवेशकों से प्राप्त $1 ट्रिलियन का निवेश करना है, जो सौर परियोजनाओं के लिए वैश्विक स्तर पर _______ TW सौर ऊर्जा प्रदान करेगा।
(A) 1 TW
(B) 2 TW
(C) 5 TW
(D) 8 TW

(A) 1 TW (Terawatt)

23. When was International Solar Alliance established? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन कब स्थापित किया गया था?
(A) 2012
(B) 2013
(C) 2015
(D) 1992

(C) 2015

24. Who hosted the second meeting of the International Solar Alliance in New Delhi on October 31, 2019? किसने नई दिल्ली में 31 अक्टूबर, 2019 को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन की दूसरी सभा की मेजबानी की?
(A) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)
(B) Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)
(C) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
(D) Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF)

(C) MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) (नवीन और नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा मंत्रालय)

25. Which of the following statements is/are correct about International Solar Alliance (ISA)? अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही हैं?
(1) All countries between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn can join International Solar Alliance (ISA). कर्क और मकर राशि के उष्णकटिबंधीय देशों के बीच सभी देश अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सौर गठबंधन (आईएसए) में शामिल हो सकते हैं।
(2) It will function from the National Institute of Solar Energy in India, Gurgaon. यह भारत में राष्ट्रीय सौर ऊर्जा संस्थान, गुड़गांव से कार्य करेगा।

Code :-
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both
(D) None

(C) Both

Monday, March 27, 2023

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#1 Happy Independence Day 2021
Q. Who drew the border line (partition line) between India and Pakistan? भारत और पाकिस्तान के बीच सीमा रेखा (विभाजन रेखा) किसने खींची?
(A) Sir George Barlow
(B) Lord William Bentinck
(C) Sir Robert Napier
(D) Sir Cyril Radcliffe

(D) Sir Cyril Radcliffe

#2
Q. What was the solar installed capacity in India as on 31 March 2021? भारत में 31 मार्च 2021 तक सौर स्थापित क्षमता कितनी थी?
(A) 36. 15 GW
(B) 38.16 GW
(C) 42.10 GW
(D) 40.09 GW

(D) 40.09 GW

#3
Q. As of 28 February 2021, the total installed wind power capacity was _______. 28 फरवरी 2021 तक, कुल स्थापित पवन ऊर्जा क्षमता कितनी थी?
(A) 43.162 GW
(B) 42.376 GW
(C) 38.789 GW
(D) 36.287 GW

(C) 38.789 GW

#4
Q. अक्षय ऊर्जा दिवस (Renewable Energy Day) is observed every year on _______. 
(A) 19th August
(B) 20th August
(C) 21st August
(D) 22nd August

Correct Answer is Option (B) 20th August || Since its advent in 2004, Akshay Urja Diwas is celebrated every year on August 20. The date on which the day is celebrated has another special feather attached to it. The day also marks the birth anniversary of the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The campaign was first organized in Delhi by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with the Indian Ministry for New & Renewable Energy Sources (MNRE) as the power station. Akshay Urja Diwas (Renewable Energy Day) is observed every year on 20 August since 2004 to raise awareness about the developments and adoption of renewable energy in India. अक्षय ऊर्जा दिवस (नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा दिवस) भारत में अक्षय ऊर्जा के विकास और अपनाने के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए 2004 से हर साल 20 अगस्त को मनाया जाता है। The Akshay Urja Day was initiated by the Indian Ministry for New & Renewable Energy Sources in 2004. The energy such as Biogas, Solar Energy, Wind energy, hydroelectrical power are few example of Akshay Urja. The main motive of Akshya urja Diwas is to make people aware that they have to think about the renewable energy (Akshya Urja) apart from tradition energy.
Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight or wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather. अक्षय ऊर्जा, जिसे अक्सर स्वच्छ ऊर्जा के रूप में जाना जाता है, प्राकृतिक स्रोतों या प्रक्रियाओं से आती है जो लगातार भर जाती हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, धूप या हवा चमकती और बहती रहती है, भले ही उनकी उपलब्धता समय और मौसम पर निर्भर करती हो।

#5 
Q. India is the _______ largest consumer of electricity. भारत बिजली का _______ सबसे बड़ा उपभोक्ता है।
(A) First 
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth

Correct Answer is Option (C) Third

#6
Q. As of 2021, India is the _______ largest producer of renewable energy. 2021 तक, भारत अक्षय ऊर्जा का _______ सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक है।
(A) First 
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth

Correct Answer is Option (C) Third || India is the third-largest producer of renewable energy with 136 GW out of 373 GW of total energy capacity generated from renewable resources. भारत अक्षय ऊर्जा का तीसरा सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक है, जिसमें अक्षय संसाधनों से उत्पन्न कुल ऊर्जा क्षमता के 373 गीगावाट में से 136 गीगावाट है। The next target set to achieve for India is the production of 225GW energy through green resources. Interestingly, India is the only country in the entire world to have a separate ministry for the development of renewable energy resources. भारत के लिए अगला लक्ष्य हरित संसाधनों के माध्यम से 225GW ऊर्जा का उत्पादन करना है। दिलचस्प बात यह है कि भारत पूरी दुनिया में एकमात्र ऐसा देश है जिसके पास अक्षय ऊर्जा संसाधनों के विकास के लिए एक अलग मंत्रालय है।




2011 Census of India

(House-listings)


(The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions.)
Building number
Census house number
Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the census house
Ascertain use of actual house
Condition of the census house
Household number
Total number of persons in the household
Name of the head of the household
Sex of the head
Caste status (SC or ST or others)
Ownership status of the house
Number of dwelling rooms
Number of married couple the household
Main source of drinking water
Availability of drinking water source
Main source of lighting
Latrine within the premises
Type of latrine facility
Waste water outlet connection
Bathing facility within the premises
Availability of kitchen
Fuel used for cooking
Radio/Transistor
Television
Computer/Laptop
Telephone/Mobile phone
Bicycle
Scooter/Motor cycle/Moped
Car/Jeep/Van
Availing Banking services.

(Population Enumeration)

(The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.)
Name of the person
Relationship to head
Sex
Date of birth and age
Current marital status
Age at marriage
Religion
Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe
Disability
Mother tongue
Other languages known
Literacy status
Status of attendance (Education)
Highest educational level attained
Working any time during last year
Category of economic activity
Occupation Nature of industry
Trade or service
Class of worker
Non economic activity
Seeking or available for work
Travel to place of work
Birthplace
Place of last residence
Reason for migration
Duration of stay in the place of migration
Children surviving
Children ever born
Number of children born alive during last one year

(National Population Register)

(The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions.)

Name of the person and resident status
Name of the person as should appear in the population register
Relationship to head
gender
Date of birth
Marital status
Educational qualification
Occupation/Activity
Names of father, mother and spouse


Once the information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit identification number to all individuals and the first ID was to have been issued in 2011. 

:- A Census studies every member of a population. A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. This term is related with National Population & Housing Census, or Common census:- Agriculture, business & Traffic censuses. (Conducted in every 10 years)   

:- Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. It was 15th Indian Census. The motto of census 2011 was "Our Census, Our future."

:- The Census Covered:-

640 Districts
5924 (Sub-Districts)
7935 (Towns) 
& More than Six (6) lakh Villages (classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation)

:- A total of 27 lakh officials visited in households. The cost of the exercise was approximately ₹2,200 crore (US$340 million)

:- Information on castes was included in the census following demands from several ruling coalition leaders including Lalu Prasad Yadav | Sharad Yadav & SP Suprimo Mulayam Singh supported by opposition parties Bharatiya Janata Party | Akali Dal | Shiv Sena & Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Information on caste was last collected during the British Raj in 1931.

:- C Chandramauli was the Register General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian Census. Census data was collected in 16 languages and the training manual was prepared in 18 languages. In 2011, India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border. 

:- The census was conducted in two phases. The first, the house-listing phase, began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census houses.  Information for the National Population Register was also collected in the first phase. 

:- The second, the population enumeration phase, was conducted from 9 – 28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics, the availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of diseases and the improvement in the standard of living were the main reasons for the high decadal growth of population in India. 

:- House Listings:- 
The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions. 

:- Population Enumeration:- 
The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.

:- National Population Register:- 
The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions.

:- Once the information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit identification number to all individuals and the first ID was to have been issued in 2011.

Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 (and was updated on 20 May 2013). Transgender population was counted in population census in India for first time in 2011. The official count of the third gender in India is 4.9 lakh. 

(Census Report) :- Total Population (1,210,854,977) 
:- Males (623,724,568)
:- Females (586,469,294) 

(Literacy Percentage)
:- Total (74%)
:- Males (82.10%)
:- Females (65.50%)

:- According to Census 2011, Density of Population:- 382 Per Kilometre Square | km2

:-  (Sex Ratio) Per 1000 males | 943 Females 

:- Child Sex Ratio (0-6 age group) | (Per 1000 males | 919 females) 


:- Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state. Total population of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is (199,812,341)... 16.5% of Total population... 

:- Over half the population resided in the six most populous states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh... Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore (68.84%) live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stay in urban areas... 45.36 crore people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population...

:- Highest Sex Ratio State (Kerala | Per 1000 males | 1084 females

:- Most Literate State in India as per census 2011... 
(Kerala State with 92.94% Literacy Rate)

:- Most Rural population in Uttar Pradesh (155,111,022) & Most Urban population in Maharashtra (50,827,531) 

:- Largest Area as per census 2011 ?
(Rajasthan with 342,239 Kilometer Square Area)  

:- Most Density of Population in Delhi (UT) with 11,297 per kilometre square...

:-  Decadal Growth Percent (2001-2011) 
Most Decadal Growth in Union Territory Dadra and Nagar Haveli with 55.5% & Overall Decadal Growth is 17.64% in India as per census 2011...

:- Lowest Population in Lakshadweep (64,473) | Which is 0.01 percent of the total population...
Lowest males in Lakshadweep (33,123)
Lowest females in Lakshadweep (31,350)

:- Lowest Sex Ratio as per census 2011 in Daman and Diu (UT) | Per 1000 males | 618 

:- Lowest Literacy Rate belongs to the Bihar State (63.82%) 

:- Least Rural population in Lakshadweep (14,121) & Minimum Urban population in (UT) Lakshadweep with 50,308 urban population... 

:- Least Area also belongs to the Lakshadweep 32 kilometer square... 

:- Lowest Density of population in Arunachal Pradesh State with 17 per kilometer square...

:- Lowest decadal growth in Nagaland State with -0.5% as per census 2011...

(Religious Demographics)

:- The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). 

:- According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in the 2011 census. 

:- There are six religions in India that have been awarded "National Minority" status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. 

:- As per 2011 census, six major faiths- Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India’s 121 crore population, while “other religions, persuasions” (ORP) count is 82. 

:- Among the ORP faiths, six faiths- 49.57 lakh-strong Sarna, 10.26 lakh-strong Gond, 5.06 lakh-strong Sari, Doni Polo (3.02 lakh) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahi (2.22 lakh) in Manipur, Khasi (1.38 lakh) in Meghalaya dominate.

:- Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Meghalaya (9,089) and Kerala.

:-  Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered a literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age 5 were treated as illiterates.  

:- Crude Literacy Rate 

:- Effective Literacy Rate 

:- Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the females being literate. 

(Expected GK Questions From Census 2011)

1. Census 2011 is the which census of India.
15th & After Independence 7th 

2. Slogan of census 2011.
"Our census, Our Future" 

3. Total population of India According to 2011 census? 
121 Crore

4. What is the total number districts in India as per census 2011?  
640 Districts

5. According to census 2011, India has the what Percentage of world's population?
17.5%

6. What is the population growth rate of India in census 2011?
17.64%

7. What is the total Literacy Rate of India?
74.04%

8. Male Literacy Rate of India as per census 2011?
82.14%

9. Female Literacy Rate of India as per census 2011?
65.46%

10. Most literate state in India(Rate)
Kerala (93.91%)

11. Least Literate state in India(Rate)
Bihar (63.82%)

12. Most Literate Union Territory in India(Rate) 
Lakshadweep (92.28%)

13. Least Literate Union Territory in India (Rate)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli (77.65%)

14. Most Populated State in India.
(Uttar Pradesh)

15. Least populated state in India.
(Sikkim)

16. State with Highest Sex Ratio?
Kerala (Per 1000 males | 1084 females)

17. State with Lowest Sex Ratio?
Haryana (Per 1000 males | 879 females) 

18. UT which has Highest sex Ratio?  
Puducherry 

19. UT which has Lowest sex Ratio?
Daman and Diu

20. Census commissioner of India in 2011.
C. Chandermouli 

21. Which union territory has highest Child Sex Ratio (0-6 age group)?
 Puducherry (UT)

22. Which union territory has lowest child sex ration (0-6 age group)?
Daman & Diu

23. Which state has highest child sex ratio (0-6 age group)? 
Kerala 

24. Which state has lowest child sex ratio (0-6 age group)
Haryana 

25. What is the sex ratio of India as per census 2011? 
Per 1000 males | 943 females 

26. What is the Child Sex Ratio (0-6 age group) of India as per census 2011? 
Per 1000 males | 919 females 

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